scholarly journals Development of a New Cold Metal Transfer Arc Additive Die Manufacturing Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
An Zhang ◽  
Yanfeng Xing ◽  
Fuyong Yang ◽  
Xiaobing Zhang ◽  
Hongze Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Molten Pool ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Columnar Grains ◽  
Cold Metal

Due to its high efficiency, cold metal transfer (CMT) arc additive manufacturing presents considerable potential in the aluminium alloy additive manufacturing industry. However, during CMT arc additive manufacturing, the surrounding air environment promotes the lateral flow of liquid aluminium and the instability of the molten pool, reduces the surface quality and material utilisation of deposition walls, and causes internal hydrogen pores and coarse columnar grains, which negatively affect the structure and mechanical properties of the deposition walls. This study developed a CMT arc additive die manufacturing process to control the substrate material and deposition path to improve the physical properties of the deposition wall. The experimental results indicated that the copper plates can affect molten pool flow and material formation in the additive process, minimise hydrogen pores, and refine columnar grains. The porosity dropped from 2.03% to 0.93%, and the average grain size decreased from 16.2 ± 1.4 to 13.6 ± 1.3 μm, thereby enhancing the structure and mechanical properties of the deposition wall to attain standard additive manufacturing products.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi7Mg0.6 Aluminum Alloy Fabricated by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing Based on Cold Metal Transfer (WAAM-CMT)

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Yang ◽  
Cunjuan Xia ◽  
Yaqi Deng ◽  
Xianfeng Li ◽  
Haowei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cold Metal

Wire and arc additive manufacturing based on cold metal transfer (WAAM-CMT) has aroused wide public concern in recent years as one of the most advanced technologies for manufacturing components with complex geometries. However, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the parts fabricated by WAAM-CMT technology mostly are intolerable for engineering application and should be improved necessarily. In this study, heat treatment was proposed to optimize the microstructure and enhance mechanical properties in the case of AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy. After heat treatment, the division between coarse grain zone and fine grain zone of as-deposited samples seemed to disappear and the distribution of Si and Mg elements was more uniform. What is more, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were improved significantly, while the ductility could be sustained after heat treatment. The improvement of strength is attributed to precipitation strengthening, and the shape change of Si phase. No reduction in ductility is due to the higher work hardening rate caused by nanostructured precipitate. It is proved that heat treatment as an effective method can control the microstructure and enhance comprehensive mechanical properties, which will boost rapid development of WAAM industrial technology.

Effect of Casting and Additive Manufacturing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Al-Cu Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 718-722
Author(s):  
Shuang Lei ◽  
Ya Qi Deng ◽  
Xian Feng Li ◽  
Liang Wu ◽  
Yan Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Property

The TiB2 reinforced Al-5Cu composites was manufactured by additive manufacturing with two kind of heat sources, i.e., cold metal transfer (CMT) and electron beam melting (EBM). The TiB2 particles were in nano-sized with some submicron-sized particle clusters , and their morphologies were round and near round without sharp angles. It was found that the introduce of TiB2 particles improved the mechanical properties of Al-5Cu alloy obviously. The results demonstrated that both the additive manufacturing methods of cold metal transfer (CMT) and electron beam melting (EBM) could improve the microstructure of the composites significantely. Compared with the traditional casting, Al-5Cu alloy the grain sizes of the TiB2 reinforced Al-5Cu composites decreased from larger than 100 μm to 40 μm with CMT process and 25 μm with EBM process. The hardness of the TiB2 reinforced Al-5Cu composites with EBM after heat treatment could be reached to 153 HV10. The refined grains and high hardness of the TiB2 reinforced Al-5Cu composites with EBM additive manufacturing technique verified that AM technology is a promising way to optimize the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu composites.

Comparative analysis of structure and mechanical properties of parts produced by electron-beam additive manufacturing and cold metal transfer

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
A. A. Eliseev ◽  
V. R. Utyaganova ◽  
A. V. Vorontsov ◽  
V. V. Ivanov ◽  
V. E. Rubtsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal

Currently, the most prospective industry development areas are prototyping and additive manufacturing. In contrast to more precise powder technologies, faster wire technologies providing non-porous products are of great interest. This paper contains a comparative analysis of the effect of two wire technologies – electron-beam additive manufacturing and cold metal transfer – on the structure and mechanical properties of Aluminum Alloy 5056. Electron beam power is close to arc power at optimal printing parameters, but cold metal transfer is cheaper due to the impulse nature of the arc. In addition, the arc method is implemented in an argon atmosphere, and this accelerates the applied layer cooling. In general, the grain structure of the material is refined due to the lower heat transfer and accelerated cooling. This results in increased strength and microhardness. The constant heat removal from the substrate and the increase in the product weight change thermal conditions of the following layer. This is controlled by beam/arc powder reduction, but each layer has its own thermal history affecting the structure and properties. In particular, the more heat is transferred to the layer from the previous layers, the less strong it is. When a certain height (about 30 mm) is passed, cooling is intensified by the large mass of the product and the strength is increased again. This is most characteristic for cold metal transfer. However, these fluctuations are rather small. Mechanical properties along the growth direction are highly stable in both technologies. Cold metal transfer also shows less alloying magnesium burn-off. In general, currently the cold metal transfer technology is more cost effective and provides better quality products.

Effect of path strategy on residual stress and distortion in laser and cold metal transfer hybrid additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 102203
Author(s):  
Runsheng Li ◽  
Guilan Wang ◽  
Xushan Zhao ◽  
Fusheng Dai ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal

scholarly journals Effect of Filler Metal Type on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fabricated NiAl Bronze Alloy Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing System

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Jae Won Kim ◽  
Jae-Deuk Kim ◽  
Jooyoung Cheon ◽  
Changwook Ji
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Metal Wire ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Metal Type ◽  
Cold Metal ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

This study observed the effect of filler metal type on mechanical properties of NAB (NiAl-bronze) material fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology. The selection of filler metal type is must consider the field condition, mechanical properties required by customers, and economics. This study analyzed the bead shape for representative two kind of filler metal types use to maintenance and fabricated a two-dimensional bulk NAB material. The cold metal transfer (CMT) mode of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) was used. For a comparison of mechanical properties, the study obtained three specimens per welding direction from the fabricated bulk NAB material. In the tensile test, the NAB material deposited using filler metal wire A showed higher tensile strength and lower elongation (approx. +71 MPa yield strength, +107.1 MPa ultimate tensile strength, −12.4% elongation) than that deposited with filler metal wire B. The reason is that, a mixture of tangled fine α platelets and dense lamellar eutectoid α + κIII structure with β´ phases was observed in the wall made with filler metal wire A. On the other hand, the wall made with filler metal wire B was dominated by coarse α phases and lamellar eutectoid α + κIII structure in between.

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