scholarly journals Incentive and Coordination in the Two-Sided Market: Evidence from the P2P Lending Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yingxiu Zhao ◽  
Baojuan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Information Intermediaries ◽  
P2p Lending ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Strategy I ◽  
Two Sided Markets

Two-sided markets serve as information intermediaries by connecting participants on both sides. In this study, we focus on the coordination of participants in the P2P lending market using a coupon strategy as an incentive to attract investment. Using a two-sided market model, we find that when a platform adopts the coupon strategy, (i) the platform utility and participants’ utility are both greater and (ii) the number of participants is greater. In addition, as most research on two-sided markets and coupon strategy focuses on theoretical models, our study provides empirical support using data from Renrendai.com over 2018 to 2019.

scholarly journals Phylogeny versus body size as determinants of food web structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1741) ◽  
pp. 3291-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell E. Naisbit ◽  
Rudolf P. Rohr ◽  
Axel G. Rossberg ◽  
Patrik Kehrli ◽  
Louis-Félix Bersier
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Web Architecture ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Using Data

Food webs are the complex networks of trophic interactions that stoke the metabolic fires of life. To understand what structures these interactions in natural communities, ecologists have developed simple models to capture their main architectural features. However, apparently realistic food webs can be generated by models invoking either predator–prey body-size hierarchies or evolutionary constraints as structuring mechanisms. As a result, this approach has not conclusively revealed which factors are the most important. Here we cut to the heart of this debate by directly comparing the influence of phylogeny and body size on food web architecture. Using data from 13 food webs compiled by direct observation, we confirm the importance of both factors. Nevertheless, phylogeny dominates in most networks. Moreover, path analysis reveals that the size-independent direct effect of phylogeny on trophic structure typically outweighs the indirect effect that could be captured by considering body size alone. Furthermore, the phylogenetic signal is asymmetric: closely related species overlap in their set of consumers far more than in their set of resources. This is at odds with several food web models, which take only the view-point of consumers when assigning interactions. The echo of evolutionary history clearly resonates through current food webs, with implications for our theoretical models and conservation priorities.

Bending with the Wind: Revisiting Islamist Parties’ Electoral Dilemma

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kadir Yildirim ◽  
Caroline M. Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Support Level ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Electoral Performance ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIslamist parties' electoral performance is a hotly debated question. Two arguments dominate the literature in terms of Islamist parties' performance in democratic elections. The conventional argument has been the “one man, one vote, one time” hypothesis. More recently, Kurzman and Naqvi challenge this argument and show that Islamists tend to lose in free elections rather than win them. We argue that existing arguments fall short. Specifically, we theorize that moderateness of Islamist platform plays a key role in increasing the popularity of these parties and leads to higher levels of electoral support. Using data collected by Kurzman and Naqvi, we test our hypothesis, controlling for political platform and political economic factors in a quantitative analysis. We find that there is empirical support for our theory. Islamist parties' support level is positively associated with moderateness; however, this positive effect of moderation is also conditioned by economic openness.

Virtual vs physical platform: organizational capacity and slack, strategic decision and firm performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1983-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Lee ◽  
Yung-Chang Hsiao ◽  
Chung-Jen Chen ◽  
Ruey-Shan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Strategic Choice ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Virtual Platform ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between organizational capacity, slack resource, platform strategic choice and firm performance. It also tackles the endogenous issues regarding the strategic choice of platform types. Design/methodology/approach This study uses Heckman’s two-stage procedures to examine the relationship between the variables. The sample in this study comes from Compustat annual company and segment files. The sample used in the main analysis consists of 252 individual corporations globally and 3,528 firm-year observations from 2004–2017. Findings The empirical results suggest that: (1) firms are more likely to develop physical platforms than virtual platforms when they possess higher levels of available slack, potential slack, research and development (R&D) capacity and marketing capacity; (2) in general, firms developing physical platforms perform better than firms developing virtual platforms after the endogeneity bias are controlled; and (3) firms that choose to develop physical platforms perform better than if they had chosen to develop virtual platforms. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the platform research literature by proposing the endogenous role of platform type choice in firm performance in the context of the retail industry. Prior conceptual and theoretical platform studies have seldom focused on the retail industry through a strategic choice perspective. Furthermore, one of the contributions of this study is the derivation of empirical support for the research’s prediction using data from actual firms carried out by global physical and virtual platform companies. This study also presents many opportunities for further explorations on the relationship between firm strategic choice and firm performance in the context of platform retail industry. Practical implications The findings of this study suggest that firms must realize that their performance is not necessarily affected by these platform type choice determinants in terms of potential slack, available slack, R&D capacity and marketing capacity. By contrast, they should pay more attention to developing physical platforms if it is possible. The study findings indicate that although virtual platforms have grown rapidly because of the development of technology, firm performance is at all times superior when firms choose to develop physical platforms. Originality/value Prior platform studies have focused on the topic of network structure, platform architecture, pricing strategy, platform leadership and platform design and governance within the context of video game industry, software industry, hardware industry and telecommunications industry. Seldom of them focus on other industries through a strategic choice perspective. Furthermore, one of the contributions of this study is the derivation of empirical support for the research’s prediction using data from actual firms carried out by global physical and virtual platform companies.

scholarly journals Behavioural adjustment of fish to temporal variation in fishing pressure affects catchability: an experiment with angled trout

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Koeck ◽  
Magnus Lovén Wallerius ◽  
Robert Arlinghaus ◽  
Jörgen I. Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Catch Rates

In passive fisheries, such as angling, the fishing success depends on the ultimate decision of a fish to ingest the bait, based on an individual’s internal state, previous experience, and threat perception. Fish surviving capture by anglers are known to be less vulnerable, and catch rates usually quickly decline with increasing fishing effort. Previous theoretical models have thus suggested fishing closures as a means to recover responsiveness of fish to angling gear and maintain catch rates, yet empirical support remains limited. In a controlled replicated pond experiment, we evaluated the effects of temporal variation in fishing pressure on catch rates of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by simulating short-term fishing closures. Fishing closures increased catch rates and population-level catchability by reducing threat perception at the population level and allowing released individuals to return to a vulnerable state. Our experimental results show that periodic fishing closures benefit catch rates but at the risk of aggravating the likelihood of overharvesting.

Staking in Sports Betting Under Unknown Probabilities: Practical Guide for Profitable Bettors

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-609
Author(s):  
Andrés Barge-Gil ◽  
Alfredo Garcia-Hiernaux
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Using Data

Kelly staking has been proven to maximize long-term bankroll growth of bettors with positive expected yield (profitable bettors). However, it demands for an estimation of the true probabilities for each event. Thus, many sport tipsters opt for simpler flat ( unit-loss) or unit-win staking plans. We analyze under which assumptions these strategies correspond to the Kelly method and propose a different staking plan, unit-impact, under the hypothesis that it fits better with Kelly’s. We test our predictions using data of professional tipsters from the betting database pyckio.com. Results show empirical support for our hypothesis.

Shaking Hands with the Internal Enemy: Democracy and Civil Conflict Settlement

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-856
Author(s):  
Omer Zarpli
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Negotiated Settlements ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Using Data

Abstract How does regime type affect the likelihood of negotiated settlements that end civil conflicts? A limited number of previous studies have offered divergent theories and mixed findings about whether democracy is an asset or a liability. I draw these disparate findings together and present a novel theory on why leaders under fully democratic and autocratic regimes may have a particularly difficult time in peacemaking, and how leaders in anocratic (hybrid) regimes are more likely to be successful in reaching negotiated settlements. Thus, I hypothesize that the relationship between regime type and the likelihood of conflict-resolution is inverted U-shaped. I test this hypothesis using data on all internal conflicts between 1946 and 2014, and find empirical support. The findings suggest that even if anocracies are more prone to the outbreak of civil wars as has been proposed by previous studies, they are also better at settling these conflicts.

The Importance of Being Important: Theoretical Models of Relations between Specific and Global Components of Physical Self-Concept

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Specific Component ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Weighted Averages ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Empirical Tests

Theoretical models of relations between specific components of physical self-concept, global physical self-concept, and global esteem are evaluated. Self-concept models posit that the effect of a specific domain (e.g., strength, endurance, or appearance) on global components should vary with the importance an individual places on the specific domain, but empirical support for this prediction is weak. Fox (1990) incorporated a related assumption into his hierarchical model of physical self-concept, but did not test this assumption. In empirical tests based on responses to the newly developed Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, relations between specific and global components of physical self-concept did not vary with the perceived importance of the specific component, and unweighted averages of specific components were as highly related to global components as importance weighted averages. These results provide no support for the importance of importance in modifying relations between domain-specific and general components of self-concept.

scholarly journals Trait dimensionality explains widespread variation in local adaptation

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1802) ◽  
pp. 20141570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailene MacPherson ◽  
Paul A. Hohenlohe ◽  
Scott L. Nuismer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

All species are locked in a continual struggle to adapt to local ecological conditions. In cases where species fail to locally adapt, they face reduced population growth rates, or even local extinction. Traditional explanations for limited local adaptation focus on maladaptive gene flow or homogeneous environmental conditions. These classical explanations have, however, failed to explain variation in the magnitude of local adaptation observed across taxa. Here we show that variable levels of local adaptation are better explained by trait dimensionality. First, we develop and analyse mathematical models that predict levels of local adaptation will increase with the number of traits experiencing spatially variable selection. Next, we test this prediction by estimating the relationship between dimensionality and local adaptation using data from 35 published reciprocal transplant studies. This analysis reveals a strong correlation between dimensionality and degree of local adaptation, and thus provides empirical support for the predictions of our model.

Online Peer-to-peer Lending Decision Making: Model Development and Testing

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyao Wan ◽  
Dongyu Chen ◽  
Weihua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Initial Trust ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
P2p Lending ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Lending Decision ◽  
Decision Making Model

We explored lenders' decision-making processes in online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending by drawing on trust theory and the valence framework to develop an integrated decisionmaking model, which we then tested empirically using data from a survey conducted with 474 online lenders in China. The results showed that initial trust and perceived benefit determined willingness to lend, and that the fear of borrower opportunism did not have a significant impact on this willingness. Initial trust increased willingness to lend both directly and indirectly, increased it by increasing perceived benefit. We have identified the specific features of online P2P lending and provided valuable insights for borrowers, lenders, and intermediaries.

The Comparative Analysis of Coalition Formation and Duration: Distinguishing Between-Country and Within-Country Effect

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Grofman
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
System Level ◽  
National Data ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Number Of Parties ◽  
Minimal Winning Coalitions ◽  
Cross National

Dodd is generally credited with providing clear empirical support for the proposition that, in the period after the Second World War, minimal winning coalitions in European party governments will tend to last longer in office than non-minimal winning coalitions. There has been a considerable body of research on this and related questions. Dodd, as well as most other authors treating cabinet coalition formation, has attempted to model features of cabinet formation such as cabinet duration or cabinet type (e.g. minimal winning v. minority government v. oversized coalitions) largely or entirely using data pooled from all cabinets in each of a number of different countries over some considerable time period. One difficulty with this method is that system-level variables (such as number of parties, or the presence of large anti-system parties), which might be able to explain aggregate-level between-county variations in cabinet type or cabinet durability, are not likely to be the same variables that are useful in explaining within-country differences. A second difficulty is that certain system-level characteristics such as effective number of parties or number of cleavage dimensions are highly correlated with both cabinet type and cabinet duration and, as a consequence, these variables are highly correlated with one another when pooled cross-national data are used. Thus, if the analyst is not very careful, results of pooled cross-national data may lead to mistakes about causal structure and a confusion of within-country and between-country effects.

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