scholarly journals Performance Analysis and Microbial Community Evolution of In Situ Biological Biogas Upgrading with Increasing H2/CO2 Ratio

Archaea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Viola Corbellini ◽  
Cuijie Feng ◽  
Micol Bellucci ◽  
Arianna Catenacci ◽  
Tatiana Stella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis ◽  
Community Evolution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The effect of the amount of hydrogen supplied for the in situ biological biogas upgrading was investigated by monitoring the process and evolution of the microbial community. Two parallel reactors, operated at 37°C for 211 days, were continuously fed with sewage sludge at a constant organic loading rate of 1.5 gCOD∙(L∙d)-1 and hydrogen (H2). The molar ratio of H2/CO2 was progressively increased from 0.5 : 1 to 7 : 1 to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into biomethane via hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Changes in the biogas composition become statistically different above the stoichiometric H2/CO2 ratio (4 : 1). At a H2/CO2 ratio of 7 : 1, the methane content in the biogas reached 90%, without adversely affecting degradation of the organic matter. The possibility of selecting, adapting, and enriching the original biomass with target-oriented microorganisms able to biologically convert CO2 into methane was verified: high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene revealed that hydrogenotrophic methanogens, belonging to Methanolinea and Methanobacterium genera, were dominant. Based on the outcomes of this study, further optimization and engineering of this process is feasible and needed as a means to boost energy recovery from sludge treatment.

scholarly journals Natural Attenuation of Mn(II) in Metal Refinery Wastewater: Microbial Community Structure Analysis and Isolation of a New Mn(II)-Oxidizing Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SK3

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santisak Kitjanukit ◽  
Kyohei Takamatsu ◽  
Naoko Okibe
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Pipe Surface

Natural attenuation of Mn(II) was observed inside the metal refinery wastewater pipeline, accompanying dark brown-colored mineralization (mostly MnIVO2 with some MnIII2O3 and Fe2O3) on the inner pipe surface. The Mn-deposit hosted the bacterial community comprised of Hyphomicrobium sp. (22.1%), Magnetospirillum sp. (3.2%), Geobacter sp. (0.3%), Bacillus sp. (0.18%), Pseudomonas sp. (0.03%), and non-metal-metabolizing bacteria (74.2%). Culture enrichment of the Mn-deposit led to the isolation of a new heterotrophic Mn(II)-oxidizer Pseudomonas sp. SK3, with its closest relative Ps. resinovorans (with 98.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity), which was previously unknown as an Mn(II)-oxidizer. Oxidation of up to 100 mg/L Mn(II) was readily initiated and completed by isolate SK3, even in the presence of high contents of MgSO4 (a typical solute in metal refinery wastewaters). Additional Cu(II) facilitated Mn(II) oxidation by isolate SK3 (implying the involvement of multicopper oxidase enzyme), allowing a 2-fold greater Mn removal rate, compared to the well-studied Mn(II)-oxidizer Ps. putida MnB1. Poorly crystalline biogenic birnessite was formed by isolate SK3 via one-electron transfer oxidation, gradually raising the Mn AOS (average oxidation state) to 3.80 in 72 h. Together with its efficient in vitro Mn(II) oxidation behavior, a high Mn AOS level of 3.75 was observed with the pipeline Mn-deposit sample collected in situ. The overall results, including the microbial community structure analysis of the pipeline sample, suggest that the natural Mn(II) attenuation phenomenon was characterized by robust in situ activity of Mn(II) oxidizers (including strain SK3) for continuous generation of Mn(IV). This likely synergistically facilitated chemical Mn(II)/Mn(IV) synproportionation for effective Mn removal in the complex ecosystem established in this artificial pipeline structure. The potential utility of isolate SK3 is illustrated for further industrial application in metal refinery wastewater treatment processes.

scholarly journals Function-driven single-cell genomics uncovers cellulose-degrading bacteria from the rare biosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin F. R. Doud ◽  
Robert M. Bowers ◽  
Frederik Schulz ◽  
Markus De Raad ◽  
Kai Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Single Cell Genomics ◽  
Rare Biosphere ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

AbstractAssigning a functional role to a microorganism has historically relied on cultivation of isolates or detection of environmental genome-based biomarkers using a posteriori knowledge of function. However, the emerging field of function-driven single-cell genomics aims to expand this paradigm by identifying and capturing individual microbes based on their in situ functions or traits. To identify and characterize yet uncultivated microbial taxa involved in cellulose degradation, we developed and benchmarked a function-driven single-cell screen, which we applied to a microbial community inhabiting the Great Boiling Spring (GBS) Geothermal Field, northwest Nevada. Our approach involved recruiting microbes to fluorescently labeled cellulose particles, and then isolating single microbe-bound particles via fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The microbial community profiles prior to sorting were determined via bulk sample 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The flow-sorted cellulose-bound microbes were subjected to whole genome amplification and shotgun sequencing, followed by phylogenetic placement. Next, putative cellulase genes were identified, expressed and tested for activity against derivatives of cellulose and xylose. Alongside typical cellulose degraders, including members of the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi, we found divergent cellulases encoded in the genome of a recently described candidate phylum from the rare biosphere, Goldbacteria, and validated their cellulase activity. As this genome represents a species-level organism with novel and phylogenetically distinct cellulolytic activity, we propose the name Candidatus ‘Cellulosimonas argentiregionis’. We expect that this function-driven single-cell approach can be extended to a broad range of substrates, linking microbial taxonomy directly to in situ function.

scholarly journals Sugarcane-Legume Intercropping Can Enrich the Soil Microbiome and Plant Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Malviya ◽  
Manoj Kumar Solanki ◽  
Chang-Ning Li ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Sugarcane Plant

Soil microbes have a direct impact on plant metabolism and health. The current study investigates the comparative rhizobiome between sugarcane monoculture and sugarcane–soybean intercropping. A greenhouse experiment was performed with two treatments: (1) sugarcane monoculture and (2) sugarcane–soybean intercropped. We used a high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platform to analyze the microbial community. We used the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer region primers to identify the microbial diversity. HTS results revealed that a total of 2,979 and 124 bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed, respectively. Microbial diversity results concluded that the intercropping system has a beneficial impact on soil microbes. The highest numbers of bacterial and fungal OTUs were found in the intercropping system, and these results also collaborated with quantitative PCR results. Additionally, intercropped sugarcane plants showed a higher weight of above- and below-ground parts than the monoculture. Soil chemical analysis results also complemented that the intercropping system nourished organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil enzyme activities. Correlation analysis of the diversity index and abundance concluded that soil nutrient content positively influenced the microbial abundance that improves plant growth. The present study frames out the profound insights of microbial community interaction under the sugarcane–soybean intercropping system. This information could help improve or increase the sugarcane crop production without causing any negative impact on sugarcane plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Structure in the Sediments and Its Relation to Environmental Factors in Eutrophicated Sancha Lake

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Jiejie Zhang ◽  
Jianqiang Zhang ◽  
Wenlai Xu ◽  
Zishen Mou
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Four Seasons

To study the microbial community structure in sediments and its relation to eutrophication environment factors, the sediments and the overlying water of Sancha Lake were collected in the four seasons. MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was conducted for the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene and was used to analyze the microbial community structure in sediments. Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) were conducted to determine the relation between microbial populations and eutrophic factors. The results demonstrated four main patterns: (1) in the 36 samples that were collected, the classification annotation suggested 64 phyla, 259 classes, 476 orders, 759 families, and 9325 OTUs; (2) The diversity indices were ordered according to their values as with summer > winter > autumn > spring; (3) The microbial populations in the four seasons belonged to two distinct characteristic groups; (4) pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) had significant effects on the community composition and structure, which further affected the dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) significantly. The present study demonstrates that the microbial communities in Sancha Lake sediments are highly diverse, their compositions and distributions are significantly different between spring and non-spring, and Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria may be the key populations or indicator organisms for eutrophication.

scholarly journals The skin microbiome of cow-nose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) in an aquarium touch-tank exhibit

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J Kearns ◽  
Jennifer L Bowen ◽  
Michael F Tlusty
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
New England ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Rhinoptera Bonasus ◽  
Public Aquarium

Public aquarium exhibits offer numerous educational opportunities for visitors while touch tank exhibits offer guests the ability to directly interact with marine life. However, despite the popularity of these exhibits, the effect of human interactions on the host-associated microbiome or the habitat microbiome remains unclear. Microbial communities, both host-associated and habitat associated can have great implications for host health and habitat function. To better understand the link between human interactions and the microbiome of a touch tank we used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze the microbial community on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of cow-nose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) as well as its environment in a frequently visited touch tank exhibit at the New England Aquarium. Our analyses revealed a distinct microbial community associated with the skin of the ray that had lower diversity than the surrounding habitat. The ray skin was dominated by three orders: Burkholderiales (~55%), Flavobacteriales (~19%) and Pseudomonadales (~12%), suggesting a potentially important role of these taxa in ray health. Further, there was no difference between dorsal and ventral surface of the ray in terms of microbial composition or diversity, and a very low presence of common human-associated microbial taxa (<1.5%). Our results suggest that human contact has a minimal effect on the skin and habitat microbiome of the cow-nose ray and that the ray skin harbors a distinct and lower diversity microbial community than its environment.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structure in Microwave Pretreated Thermophilic and Mesophilic Anaerobic Digesters Utilizing Mixed Sludge under Organic Overloading

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokce Kor-Bicakci ◽  
Emine Ubay-Cokgor ◽  
Cigdem Eskicioglu
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The effects of microwave (MW) pretreatment were investigated by six anaerobic digesters operated under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions at high organic loading rates (4.9–5.7 g volatile solids/L/d). The experiments and analyses were mainly designed to reveal the impact of MW pretreatment and digester temperatures on the process stability and microbial community structure by correlating the composition of microbial populations with volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. A slight shift from biogas production (with a reasonable methane content) to VFA accumulation was observed in the thermophilic digesters, especially in the MW-irradiated reactors. Microbial population structure was assessed using a high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene on the MiSeq platform. Microbial community structure was slightly affected by different MW pretreatment conditions, while substantially affected by the digester temperature. The phylum Bacteroidetes proliferated in the MW-irradiated mesophilic digesters by resisting high-temperature MW (at 160 °C). Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis (mostly the genus of Methanothermobacter) was found to be a key route of methane production in the thermophilic digesters, whereas aceticlastic methanogenesis (mostly the genus of Methanosaeta) was the main pathway in the mesophilic digesters.

scholarly journals Faecal Microbiome Transplantation as a Solution to Chronic Enteropathies in Dogs: A Case Study of Beneficial Microbial Evolution

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Michele Berlanda ◽  
Giada Innocente ◽  
Barbara Simionati ◽  
Barbara Di Camillo ◽  
Sonia Facchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Microbial Evolution ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Chronic Enteropathies ◽  
Faecal Microbiome

Chronic enteropathies (CE) are gastrointestinal diseases that afflict about one in five dogs in Europe. Conventional therapeutic approaches include dietary intervention, pharmacological treatment and probiotic supplements. The patient response can be highly variable and the interventions are often not resolutive. Moreover, the therapeutic strategy is usually planned (and gradually corrected) based on the patient’s response to empirical treatment, with few indirect gut health indicators useful to drive clinicians’ decisions. The ever-diminishing cost of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows clinicians to directly follow and characterise the evolution of the whole gut microbial community in order to highlight possible weaknesses. In this framework, faecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) is emerging as a feasible solution to CE, based on the implant of a balanced, eubiotic microbial community from a healthy donor to a dysbiotic patient. In this study, we report the promising results of FMT carried out in a 9-year-old dog suffering from CE for the last 3 years. The patient underwent a two-cycle oral treatment of FMT and the microbiota evolution was monitored by 16S rRNA gene sequencing both prior to FMT and after the two administrations. We evaluated the variation of microbial composition by calculating three different alpha diversity indices and compared the patient and donor data to a healthy control population of 94 dogs. After FMT, the patient’s microbiome and clinical parameters gradually shifted to values similar to those observed in healthy dogs. Symptoms disappeared during a follow-up period of six months after the second FMT. We believe that this study opens the door for potential applications of FMT in clinical veterinary practice and highlights the need to improve our knowledge on this relevant topic.

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