scholarly journals Iodine Deficiency Disorder and Knowledge about Benefit and Food Source of Iodine among Adolescent Girls in the North Shewa Zone of Amhara Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abayneh Birlie Zeru ◽  
Mikyas Arega Muluneh ◽  
Kassa Ketsela H Giorgis ◽  
Mulat Mossie Menalu ◽  
Michael Amera Tizazu
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorder ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Grade One

Background. As the dietary iodine content depends on the iodine contents of the soil where the crop is harvested, in highland areas where the iodine content of topsoil was washed away due to erosion, iodized salt is the main source of iodine. This study assessed the magnitude of iodine deficiency disorder and knowledge about the benefit and food sources of iodine among adolescent girls in the highland areas of the North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, central Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional cross-sectional study was conducted from October 5, 2018, to December 30, 2019. Through a multistage sampling technique, 625 adolescent school girls were selected from 9 schools. A pretested semistructured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Anthropometric measures and thyroid gland physical examinations were performed by trained nurses. The collected data were entered into the computer through Epi Data 3.1 software, and analysis was performed using Anthro plus and SPSS software. Results. The total goiter rate was 317 (50.7%) with 95%CI of 46.9% to 54.6%. Grade-one and grade-two goiter accounts 226 (36.2%) and 91 (14.6%), respectively. About one-third, 428 (68.5%), had knowledge about locally available iodine source foods and 309 (72.2%) of them mentioned salt as a source of iodine. Over half, 216 (55.1%), of 392 (62.7%) participants who had knowledge about the benefit of iodine knew it prevents goiter. Diet diversity score of <5 food groups [AOR 1.487, 95%CI 1.061–2.083], stunting [AOR 1.876, 95%CI 1.079–3.257], menstruation [AOR 1.615, 95%CI 1.110–2.349], rural residence [AOR 1.412, 95%CI 1.005–1.984], and open salt storage container [AOR 2.001, 95%CI 1.044–3.833] were significantly associated with goiter. Conclusions. Total goiter rate of adolescent school girls is high in the area. Low diet diversity score, stunting, menstruation, rural residence, and using an open container for salt storage increased the risk of goiter. In addition to universal salt iodization, the emphasis has to be given on proper handling and utilization of iodized salts at the household level to avoid iodine deficiency disorder in adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Pre-menarche adolescent girls’ menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche in North Shewa zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayneh Birlie Zeru ◽  
Mikyas Arega Muluneh
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The North ◽  
Menstrual Knowledge

Abstract Background: Many adolescent girls in Ethiopia attain menarche without adequate knowledge and preparation which could have a distressing negative impact on their psychosocial, physical, and emotional wellbeing. This study aimed to assess pre-menarche adolescent girls’ menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menstruation and associated factors in the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara region.Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted on participants selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected through a self-administered questionnaire were entered into Epi Data and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regressions were computed to identify factors associated with the good menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche. An odds ratio with 95%CI was computed to measure the magnitude of the association. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 on multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant factors associated with the outcome variable.Results: From a total of 424 pre-menarche adolescent girls included in the study, 166(39.2%) had good menstrual knowledge and about a quarter 110(25.9%) had good preparedness towards menarche. An increase in the school grade level of adolescent girls, the educational status of the mother, and occupation of the father (government employment) were positively associated with good menstrual knowledge. Having good menstrual knowledge increased the preparedness of pre-menarche girls to menarche by over 13-fold than poorly knowledgeable girls.Conclusions: Menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche of pre-menarche adolescent girls were low in the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara region. The level of preparedness to menarche was also highly dependent on girls' menstrual knowledge. Thus, the school's health program and teachers should address the problem by delivering age-appropriate menstrual information to equip adolescent girls with accurate and adequate menstrual knowledge before the onset of menarche.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorder control Program in Mandya District

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-293
Author(s):  
Bekkalale Rudresh Harish ◽  
Hugara Siddalingappa ◽  
Shambhulinga Kambale ◽  
Bhoompuram Nagaraja Goud ◽  
Divya Arulprakasam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorder ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Impact

Background: Considering the burden of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in our country, Government of India has an exclusive national health program to prevent it from becoming a major public health concern. To attain its objectives, National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program (NIDDCP) undertakes routine evaluation of the Program all over the country. Aim & Objective: To determine the prevalence of Goitre, to estimate Iodine content in salt samples and Iodine excretion in urine samples of schoolchildren aged between 6 to 12 years in Mandya district. Settings and Design: A cross sectional institutions based survey was conducted among schoolchildren from the villages in selected clusters of Mandya district. Materials and Methods: Probability Proportional to Size sampling method was used to select 30 clusters. 90 children aged between 6 to 12 years from each cluster were screened. Salt Iodine content was ascertained by Iodometric titration method and urinary Iodine excretion was estimated by Sandell-Kolthoff method. Statistical analysis used: Frequency, proportions and mean were calculated and inferential statistics were used. Results: Prevalence of Goitre was 4.4%, with higher prevalence among girls. 49.8% salt specimens lack adequate iodine (<15ppm) at household level. Median UIE was 164 Micrograms /litre. Conclusions: As per the impact indicators, IDD is not a public health concern in Mandya district as of now.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB GAKY DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 36 SINGGALANG TANAH DATAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
RAHMITA YANTI
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorder ◽  
P Value

The main nutritional problems facing the Indonesian government one of Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). West Sumatra province found the prevalence of enlarged adenoids school children is still high which ranges from 12% -44,1% and Total Goiter Rate also high in the coastal region. This study aims to determine the factors cause iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) and relationship to nutritional status of primary school children 36 Singgalang Tanah Datar.This type of research is Case Control. The study population are the all of primary school children 36 Singgalang Tanah Datar, aged 9-12 years who suffered goiter examined palpation. The sample consisted of 30 cases and 30 controls. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. Data were processed using univariate, bivariate with chisquare test.The research results revealed there is relationship IDD to nutritional status of primary school children 36 Singgalang Tanah Datar (p = 0,034 (95% CI: 1,2 to 11,4)), an related of iodine intake (p = 0,016 (95% CI: 1,5 -14,4)), goitrogenik intake (p = 0,039 (95% CI: 1,2-9,9)), the quality of salt (p = 0,038 (95% CI: 1,2 to 10,2)), socioeconomic status (p = 0,02 (95% CI: 1,4-11,8), and the level of parents knowledge (p = 0,039 (95% CI: 1,2 to 9,9)) with iodine deficiency disorder. While variable which is not related to iodine deficiency disorder is the parents education level p = 0,77 (p value> 0,05)This study concluded that there is relationship IDD to nutritional status and there are relationship iodine intake, goitrogenik, salt quality, socioeconomic status, and level of knowledge of parent with iodine deficiency disorder. Need for nutrition counseling conducted by the health promotion officers regularly about the importance of the use of iodized salt for children's growth and nutrition education in the family menu processing so as to improve the nutritional status of children at the household levelKeywords : Iodine deficiency disorder, nutritional status, school children

scholarly journals Balanced diet related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) among adolescent school girls in Noakhali district, Bangladesh: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Ghosh ◽  
Md Ruhul Kabir ◽  
Mohammad Rahanur Alam ◽  
Akibul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government School ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
School Girls

AbstractObjectivesAdolescence, a crucial period for growth velocity including sexual maturation, is an important period of life and young adolescent girls need to have proper knowledge, positive attitudes and practice of balanced diet to achieve optimum growth and development. Considering its importance this study attempts to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of balanced diets among adolescent schoolgirls in Noakhali district, Bangladesh.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three secondary schools in Noakhali district, Bangladesh. A multistage sampling techniques was used to select schools and study participants. A total of 485 adolescent school girls participated and a pre-designed, validated and structured questionnaire was used for data collection. In addition to descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression were employed for analysis.ResultsThe results from the study revealed that more than half of the students did not have good knowledge about a balanced diet, 42.8% had a positive attitude, whereas the practice of consuming a balanced diet was rather low (only 4.5%). Students studying in government schools had better knowledge and attitudes than non-government school students. Moreover, 41.1% of students were underweight; more than 60% of respondent’s mothers did not have an education higher than secondary school and were mostly unemployed housewives. Parent’s education, mother’s occupation, and types of school have a strong association with KAP; however, father’s education and occupation showed an association of varying degrees. Being knowledgeable was related to positive attitudes, and students with good knowledge had (OR: 1.828; 95% CI: 1.270–2.631) more likely to have positive attitudes towards a balanced diet.ConclusionsThus, proper knowledge about a balanced diet should be introduced with basic nutritional knowledge to all levels of public education. Interventions and programs can be designed to improve knowledge, attitude, and more specifically the practice at the household level so that adolescent girls can have a proper diet during their sexual maturation phase.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN PRAKTIK MENSTRUAL HYGIENE PADA SISWI SDN 4 PACARKEMBANG SURABAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Teresina Ika Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Know How ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Behavior ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Age Of Menarche ◽  
Score Range

Abstract: Adolescence is an important period to develop their first decade of life. At this age, an adolescent girl begins to get their first menstrual period (menarche). After getting menstruation, adolescent girls need to know how to maintain their reproductive health. One effort that can be done to take care of the reproductive health has adopted the behavior of menstrual hygiene. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of elementary school girls about reproductive health and menstrual hygiene behavior in the period of menarche. The population of this study was all students grades 5 and 6 at SDN 4 Pacarkembang Surabaya and already through menarche. This study has 30 samples and the method of data collection conducted by survey method using a questionnaire with closed questions. The variables are categorized into three categories: good knowledge level if the score range between 76-100%, the level of knowledge sufficient if the range between 56-75% and the level of knowledge is deficient when the score <56%. Variable action using the same category as the level of knowledge. The average age of menarche here is 11-12 years old. All of the respondents had got information about health reproduction and menstruation. Most respondents had heard that information from their mother. But the majority of respondents have “less” knowledge (53.33%) about health reproduction. For the practice of menstrual hygiene, respondents had the moderate level. Keyword: health reproduction, menstrual hygiene, adolescence, menarche  AbstrakMasa remaja menjadi waktu yang sangat penting untuk membangun perkembangan mereka dalam dekade pertama kehidupan. Pada usia ini, remaja putri mulai mendapatkan menstruasi pertamanya (menarche). Setelah mendapatkan haid, remaja putri perlu mengetahui cara menjaga kesehatan reproduksinya. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan reproduksi adalah dengan menerapkan praktik menstrual hygiene. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri sekolah dasar mengenai kesehatan reproduksi dan praktik menstrual hygiene pada periode menarche. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswi kelas 5 dan 6 yang sudah melalui masa menarche di SDN 4 Pacarkembang Surabaya. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah sejumlah 30 sampel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dan menggunakan total populasi sebagai responden. Cara pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dengan pertanyaan tertutup. Variabel dikategorikan menjadi tiga kategori yaitu tingkat pengetahuan baik apabila skor 76-100%, tingkat pengetahuan cukup apabila skor 56-75%, dan tingkat pengetahuan kurang apabila skor <56%. Variabel tindakan menggunakan kategori serupa dengan tingkat pengetahuan. Hasil rata-rata usia menarche responden adalah usia 11 sampai dengan 12 tahun. Hampir seluruh responden sudah mendapatkan informasi terkait menstrual hygiene sebelum responden mengalami menarche dari orang tua perempuan responden. Namun sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang kurang (53.33%) dan perilaku menstrual hygiene responden sudah cukup baik (60.0%).Keyword: kesehatan reproduksi, menstrual hygiene, remaja, menarche

scholarly journals An epidemiological study of menstrual hygiene practices in school going adolescent girls from urban slums of Nalgonda, Telangana

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Jyothi Veleshala ◽  
Varun M. Malhotra ◽  
Suresh J. Thomas ◽  
Kondagunta Nagaraj
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Female Teacher ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
School Girls ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sanitary Pads

Background: Reproductive health of adolescent girls is crucial as it determines the health of future generations. School girls when experiencing menarche find themselves in a setting without water, toilets or a supportive female teacher to explain the changes happening in their body. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess knowledge and practices about menstruation in adolescent school girls of an urban slum and to find some socio-demographic determinants of menstrual hygiene.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 6th to 10th class school going adolescent girls from an urban slum of Telangana state. A total of 300 girls participated.Results: The mean age of the students was 11.9±3.3 years. The mean age at menarche was 13.09 (95% CI: 12.07–14.11). 25.3% had acquired prior knowledge about attaining menarche. For majority (74.2%) the knowledge was imparted by their mothers. 96.9% of school girls used sanitary pads. Significant association observed between educational status and employment status of mother and usage of sanitary pads by respondent. Almost 90% of the young women faced physical complaints or health problems during menstruation. Majority (94.3%) had religious restrictions on them during the menstruation.Conclusions: Menstrual hygiene is an issue which needs to be addressed to all adolescents, with special emphasis in slum area. Lack of awareness is a roadblock in adopting safe and hygienic menstrual practices. More emphasis should be given on improving adolescent literacy for achieving hygienic menstrual practices.

scholarly journals People's Knowledge and Practice of Salt Iodization, as Well as the Assessment of Iodine Content in Salt in the Cumilla Region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Sadia Jahan ◽  
Md. Saddam Hossain ◽  
Md. Anisur Rahman Bhuiyan ◽  
Susmita Roy Lisa ◽  
Somaia Haque Chadni
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Behavior

Aim: To evaluate the household iodine content and knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding salt iodization among the residents of Cumilla, Bangladesh. Subjects and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 700 inhabitants in Cumilla's urban and rural areas to determine the iodine concentration of salt they consume. The participants were asked about what they know about iodine deficiency and salt iodization as well as how their salt was packaged and stored. Among them, 338 people provided a sample of salt to be tested of its iodine content by the titrimetric method. Results: 46.57% of people knew that iodization was the best way to prevent iodine deficiency while 35.14% considered salt iodization during purchasing. Most people stored salt in plastic boxes (89.7%) and closed containers (84.14%).Among all participants, only 37.14% of people were aware of the iodine requirement during pregnancy. In urban regions, the median iodine content was 36.76 ppm (OR=0.658, 95% CI, 0.469-0.925), while in rural areas, the median iodine content was 40.92 ppm (OR=1.188, 95% CI, 1.022-1.380). Iodine levels were less than 15 ppm (minimum limit) in 6.8% of samples and greater than 40 ppm (maximum limit) in 56.5%. Only 36.7% of the salt samples contained adequate iodine. Conclusion: An effective and consistent approach for controlling iodine concentration in distributed salt is required at Cumilla, Bangladesh.

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia during goitre growth and involution in rats separate bioeffects of TSH and iodine

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stübner ◽  
R. Gärtner ◽  
W. Greil ◽  
K. Gropper ◽  
G. Brabant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Thyroid Hyperplasia ◽  
Tsh Levels

Abstract. Goitre growth was investigated in rats receiving a low iodine diet (< 0.1 μg iodine/g) and either 1 g/l KClO4 or 1 g/l propylthiouracil (PTU), or a combination of KClO4 or PTU with 50.82 nmol/l T3 in tap water for 3 weeks. To investigate goitre involution, rats with iodine-deficient goitres were treated for 3 weeks either with T3 (0.5 μg T3/day = 0.768 nmol/day), iodide (0.5 or 2.7 μg KI/day) or a combination of T3 with both iodide doses. Histology together with total DNA distinguished between hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the gland. During goitre growth there was a highly significant correlation between goitre weight and TSH serum level (r = 0.93, P < 0.001). Thyroid total DNA, however, was only weakly correlated to TSH but was inversely related to the degree of iodine deficiency. During goitre regression, TSH levels were normalized, histological signs of hypertrophy had disappeared, and thyroid weight was nearly normalized in all therapy groups. Total DNA, however, was normalized only with 2.7 μg KI/day (95 ± 18 μg DNA/gland), and still elevated in all other groups. The highest DNA levels were found under T3 therapy (143 ± 21 μg DNA/gland) and under 0.5 μg KI/day (161 ± 19 μg DNA/gland). Reduction of total DNA was independent of TSH, but followed replenishment of the iodine content of the glands. We conclude that TSH mainly induces hypertrophy, whereas thyroid hyperplasia is mainly regulated by the intracellular iodine content.

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