scholarly journals Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) by Haloarcula, Halorubrum, and Natrinema Haloarchaeal Genera Using Starch as a Carbon Source

Archaea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fatma Karray ◽  
Manel Ben Abdallah ◽  
Nidhal Baccar ◽  
Hatem Zaghden ◽  
Sami Sayadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Phb Production

Microbial production of bioplastics, derived from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), have provided a promising alternative towards plastic pollution. Compared to other extremophiles, halophilic archaea are considered as cell factories for PHB production by using renewable, inexpensive carbon sources, thus decreasing the fermentation cost. This study is aimed at screening 33 halophilic archaea isolated from three enrichment cultures from Tunisian hypersaline lake, Chott El Jerid, using starch as the sole carbon source by Nile Red/Sudan Black staining and further confirmed by PCR amplification of phaC and phaE polymerase genes. 14 isolates have been recognized as positive candidates for PHA production and detected during both seasons. The identification of these strains through 16S rRNA gene analyses showed their affiliation to Halorubrum, Natrinema, and Haloarcula genera. Among them, three PHB-producing strains, CEJ34-14, CEJ5-14, and CEJ48-10, related to Halorubrum chaoviator, Natrinema pallidum, and Haloarcula tradensis were found to be the best ones reaching values of 9.25, 7.11, and 1.42% of cell dry weight (CDW), respectively. Our findings highlighted that Halorubrum, Natrinema, and Haloarcula genera were promising candidates for PHB production using soluble starch as a carbon source under high salinity (250 g L-1 NaCl).

scholarly journals Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate Production by the Cyanobacterium Scytonema geitleri Bharadwaja under Varying Environmental Conditions

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Singh ◽  
Pradeep K. Rai ◽  
Anuradha Rai ◽  
Surendra Singh ◽  
Jay Shankar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Cell Weight ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Phb Production ◽  
Dry Cell

The production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) under varying environmental conditions (pH, temperature and carbon sources) was examined in the cyanobacterium Scytonema geitleri Bharadwaja isolated from the roof-top of a building. The S. geitleri produced PHB and the production of PHB was linear with the growth of cyanobacterium. The maximum PHB production (7.12% of dry cell weight) was recorded when the cells of S. geitleri were at their stationary growth phase. The production of PHB was optimum at pH 8.5 and 30 °C, and acetate (30 mM) was the preferred carbon source.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of a novel Sphingobium yanoikuyae strain variant that uses biohazardous saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds as sole carbon sources

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Mautusi Mitra ◽  
Kevin Manoap-Anh-Khoa Nguyen ◽  
Taylor Wayland Box ◽  
Jesse Scott Gilpin ◽  
Seth Ryan Hamby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Background: Green micro-alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (a Chlorophyte), can be cultured in the laboratory heterotrophically or photo-heterotrophically in Tris-Phosphate-Acetate (TAP) medium, which contains acetate as the carbon source. Chlamydomonas can convert acetate in the TAP medium to glucose via the glyoxylate cycle, a pathway present in many microbes and higher plants. A novel bacterial strain, CC4533, was isolated from a contaminated TAP agar medium culture plate of a Chlamydomonas wild type strain. In this article, we present our research on the isolation, and biochemical and molecular characterizations of CC4533. Methods: We conducted several microbiological tests and spectrophotometric analyses to biochemically characterize CC4533. The 16S rRNA gene of CC4533 was partially sequenced for taxonomic identification. We monitored the growth of CC4533 on Tris-Phosphate (TP) agar medium (lacks a carbon source) containing different sugars, aromatic compounds and saturated hydrocarbons, to see if CC4533 can use these chemicals as the sole source of carbon. Results: CC4533 is a Gram-negative, non-enteric yellow pigmented, aerobic, mesophilic bacillus. It is alpha-hemolytic and oxidase-positive. CC4533 can ferment glucose, sucrose and lactose, is starch hydrolysis-negative, resistant to penicillin, polymyxin B and chloramphenicol. CC4533 is sensitive to neomycin. Preliminary spectrophotometric analyses indicate that CC4533 produces b-carotenes. NCBI-BLAST analyses of the partial 16S rRNA gene sequence of CC4533 show 99.55% DNA sequence identity to that of Sphingobium yanoikuyae strain PR86 and S. yanoikuyae strain NRB095. CC4533 can use cyclo-chloroalkanes, saturated hydrocarbons present in car motor oil, polyhydroxyalkanoate, and mono- and poly-cyclic aromatic compounds, as sole carbon sources for growth. Conclusions: Taxonomically, CC4533 is very closely related to the alpha-proteobacterium S. yanoikuyae, whose genome has been sequenced. Future research is needed to probe the potential of CC4533 for environmental bioremediation. Whole genome sequencing of CC4533 will confirm if it is a novel strain of S. yanoikuyae or a new Sphingobium species.

scholarly journals Molecular and Functional Characterization of theRhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (9) ◽  
pp. 2689-2696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Inui ◽  
Kaori Nakata ◽  
Jung Hyeob Roh ◽  
Kenneth Zahn ◽  
Hideaki Yukawa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Transcriptional Start Site ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Upstream Sequence ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Reading Frame

ABSTRACT The pckA gene, encoding the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), was cloned by PCR amplification from the purple nonsulfur bacteriumRhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7. Sequencing of a 2.5-kb chromosomal SmaI-PstI fragment containing the structural gene revealed an open reading frame encoding 537 amino acids, homologous to known pckA genes. Primer extension analysis identified a transcriptional start site 72 bp upstream of thepckA initiation codon and an upstream sequence similar to ς70 promoters. Studies of a pckA-lacZ gene fusion indicated that when cells were grown in minimal media with various carbon sources, such as succinate, malate, pyruvate, lactate, or ethanol, under both anaerobic light and aerobic dark conditions, thepckA gene was induced in log phase, irrespective of the carbon source. A R. palustris No. 7 PEPCK-deficient strain showed growth characteristics identical to those of the wild-type strain either anaerobically in the light or aerobically in the dark when a C4-dicarboxylic acid, such as succinate or malate, was used as a carbon source. These results indicate that in R. palustris No. 7, an alternative gluconeogenic pathway may exist in addition to PEPCK.

scholarly journals Nesiotobacter exalbescens gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic alphaproteobacterium from an Hawaiian hypersaline lake

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart P. Donachie ◽  
John P. Bowman ◽  
Maqsudul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Moderate Thermophile

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated LA33BT, was isolated from water collected from a hypersaline lake on uninhabited Laysan Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Cells of strain LA33BT are motile, straight rods that grow between 4 and 45 °C and in media containing 1–17·5 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain oxidizes carbohydrates, nucleosides, amino acids and organic acids presented as sole carbon sources and constitutive lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes are expressed. Over 75 % of the fatty acid pool is cis-11-octadecenoic acid (18 : 1ω7c). Comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicates that the strain forms a new lineage in the α-2 subclass of the Proteobacteria, with the closest recognized strains being Stappia aggregata NCIMB 2208T and Roseibium denhamense JCM 10543T, with which it shares 94–95 % sequence similarity. Strain LA33BT differs phenotypically from extant Stappia and Roseibium species, however, in that it is a moderate thermophile, it requires NaCl and tolerates higher NaCl concentrations and it does not express β-galactosidase or oxidize glycerol. On the basis of genotypic data and phenotypic characteristics, we propose that strain LA33BT does not belong to the genera Stappia or Roseibium and that it represents the type species of a new genus, Nesiotobacter. Strain LA33BT (=ATCC BAA-994T=CIP 108449T) is proposed as the type strain of the type species of this genus, with the name Nesiotobacter exalbescens gen. nov., sp. nov.

scholarly journals Alcanivorax balearicus sp. nov., isolated from Lake Martel

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Rivas ◽  
Paula García-Fraile ◽  
Alvaro Peix ◽  
Pedro F. Mateos ◽  
Eustoquio Martínez-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Saline Lake ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Separate Species

A bacterial strain designated MACL04T was isolated from Lake Martel, a subterraneous saline lake in Mallorca (Spain). The complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed nearly 100 % similarity to that of Alcanivorax dieselolei B-5T. Despite this high similarity, strain MACL04T showed phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular differences with respect to A. dieselolei, indicating that strain MACL04T represents a separate species. Cells of strain MACL04T were motile by means of a single polar or subpolar flagellum and colonies formed on media containing 1 % (v/v) Tween 20 were opaque and mucoid, with blue–green iridescence. The generation time of strain MACL04T in this medium was approximately half that of A. dieselolei B-5T and strain MACL04T did not produce lipases after incubation for 5 days. Strain MACL04T did not require NaCl for growth and grew in the presence of up to 15 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain was able to use alkanes as a sole carbon source; however, glucose could also be used, albeit weakly, as a carbon source. Several amino acids and organic acids were used as carbon sources. Strain MACL04T produced acid in media containing pyruvate as the sole carbon source. The major fatty acids were C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and C16 : 0. The fatty acid C16 : 1 ω8c, present in strain MACL04T, was not detected in the recognized Alcanivorax species. The sequences of the large and short 16S–23S intergenic spacer regions showed similarities of 97.2 and 98.8 % (ungapped) with respect to A. dieselolei B-5T. Partial sequences of gyrB and alkb genes showed 94.0 % similarity between strain MACL04T and A. dieselolei B-5T. The G+C content of strain MACL04T was 62.8 mol%. The data from this polyphasic study indicate that strain MACL04T represents a novel species of the genus Alcanivorax, for which the name Alcanivorax balearicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MACL04T (=LMG 22508T=CECT 5683T).

scholarly journals Niche and neutral processes both shape community structure in parallelized, aerobic, single carbon-source enrichments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Flynn ◽  
Jason C. Koval ◽  
Stephanie M. Greenwald ◽  
Sarah M. Owens ◽  
Kenneth M. Kemner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Initial Structure ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Carbon Amendment

AbstractHere we seek to test the extent to which laboratory enrichments mimic natural community processes and the degree to which the initial structure of a community determines its response to a press disturbance via the addition of environmentally-relevant carbon compounds. By utilizing aerobic substrate arrays to examine the effect of carbon amendment on microbial communities taken from six distinct environments (soil from a temperate prairie and forest, tropical forest soil, subalpine forest soil, and surface water and soil from a palustrine emergent wetland), we examined how carbon amendment and inoculum source shape the composition of the community in each enrichment. Dilute subsamples from each environment were used to inoculate 96-well microtiter plates containing triplicate wells amended with one of 31 carbon sources from 6 different classes of organic compound (phenols, polymers, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amines, amino acids). After incubating each well aerobically in the dark for 72 hours, we analyzed the composition of the microbial communities on the substrate arrays as well as the initial inocula by sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Comparisons of alpha and beta diversity in these systems showed that, while the composition of the communities that grow to inhabit the wells in each substrate array diverges sharply from that of the original community in the inoculum, these enrichment communities are still is strongly affected by the inoculum source. We found most enrichments were dominated by one or several OTUs most closely related to aerobes or facultative anaerobes from theProteobacteria(e.g.Pseudomonas,Burkholderia, andRalstonia) orBacteroidetes(e.g.Chryseobacterium). Comparisons within each substrate array based on the class of carbon source further show that the communities inhabiting wells amended with a carbohydrate differ significantly from those enriched with a phenolic compound. Niche selection therefore seems to play a strong role in shaping the communities in the substrate arrays, although some stochasticity is seen whereby several replicate wells within a single substrate array display strongly divergent community compositions. Overall, the use of highly parallel substrate arrays offers a promising path forward to study the response of microbial communities to a changing environment.

Natronomonas moolapensis sp. nov., non-alkaliphilic isolates recovered from a solar saltern crystallizer pond, and emended description of the genus Natronomonas

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1173-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Burns ◽  
Peter H. Janssen ◽  
Takashi Itoh ◽  
Hiroaki Minegishi ◽  
Ron Usami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Solar Saltern ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Emended Description ◽  
Crystallizer Pond ◽  
Archaeal Lipids

Two isolates of non-alkaliphilic, extremely halophilic archaea, with very similar characteristics, were recovered from a marine solar saltern crystallizer. Cells were pleomorphic, motile and Gram-stain-negative and grew on a limited range of carbon sources, with pyruvate being the best substrate. Optimum growth occurred at 18–20 % (w/v) NaCl, pH 6.0–8.5 and 37–40 °C. Both isolates possessed typical archaeal lipids, and their 16S rRNA gene sequences were 99.8 % identical. Phylogenetic tree reconstructions indicated that they were most closely related to the haloalkaliphile Natronomonas pharaonis (97.5 % similarity to the type strain), but the different phenotypic properties and low DNA–DNA hybridization values between Nmn. pharaonis DSM 2160T and the two isolates suggested that they represent a novel species within the genus Natronomonas. The name Natronomonas moolapensis sp. nov. is proposed for these isolates, with the type strain being 8.8.11T (=JCM 14361T =CECT 7526T =DSM 18674T). An emended description of the genus Natronomonas is also provided.

scholarly journals Methylobacterium salsuginis sp. nov., isolated from seawater

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1699-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Wang ◽  
Foday Sahr ◽  
Ting Xue ◽  
Baolin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Methylobacterium Oryzae

Three pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic strains, designated MP1, MP2 and MRT, were isolated from seawater from southern China and characterized. Analysis of their complete 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that they constituted three separate phylogenetic groups, showing the highest levels of similarity with respect to some members of the genus Methylobacterium. PCR amplification also showed the gene coding for the α-subunit of methanol dehydrogenase (mxaF) to be present in all strains, indicating a methylotrophic metabolism. All three strains utilized d-fructose, ethanol and nutrient agar as carbon sources, but did not utilize sucrose, citrate, acetate or formaldehyde. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses, strain MRT represents a novel species, for which the name Methylobacterium salsuginis sp. nov. is proposed, with MRT (=CGMCC 1.6474T =NCCB 100140T) as the type strain. Strains MP1 and MP2 respectively represent novel strains of the species Methylobacterium oryzae and Methylobacterium lusitanum.

scholarly journals Halococcus hamelinensis sp. nov., a novel halophilic archaeon isolated from stromatolites in Shark Bay, Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1323-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falicia Goh ◽  
Stefan Leuko ◽  
Michelle A. Allen ◽  
John P. Bowman ◽  
Masahiro Kamekura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Shark Bay

Several halophilic archaea belonging to the genus Halococcus were isolated from stromatolites from Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia, collected during field trips in 1996 and 2002. This is the first incidence of halophilic archaea being isolated from this environment. Stromatolites are biosedimentary structures that have been formed throughout the earth's evolutionary history and have been preserved in the geological record for over 3 billion years. The stromatolites from Hamelin Pool, Western Australia, are the only known example of extant stromatolites forming in hypersaline coastal environments. Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences and morphology, the isolates belong to the genus Halococcus. Strain 100NA1, isolated from stromatolites collected in 2002, was closely related to strain 100A6T that was isolated from the stromatolites collected in 1996, with a DNA–DNA hybridization value of 94±8 %. DNA–DNA hybridization values of strain 100A6T with Halococcus morrhuae NRC 16008 and Halococcus saccharolyticus ATCC 49257T were 17±6 and 11±7 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain 100A6T was 60.5 mol% (T m). The main polar lipid was S-DGA-1, a sulphated glycolipid that has been detected in all strains of the genus Halococcus. Whole-cell protein profiles, enzyme composition and utilization of various carbon sources were distinct from those of all previously characterized Halococcus species. The recognition of this strain as representing a novel species within the genus Halococcus is justified, and the name Halococcus hamelinensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 100A6T (=JCM 12892T=ACM 5227T).

scholarly journals Isolation of a novel halothermophilic strain of the genus Gracilibacillus from Howz-e Sultan hypersaline lake in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Mahmoudnia
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Background and Objectives: Halothermophilic bacteria are adapted to high osmolarity and can grow in high saline environments and high temperatures. This study was aimed at the isolation of halothermophilic bacteria from Howz-e Sultan hypersaline lake in the central desert zone in Iran. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected and after preparing dilutions, the samples were cultured on Molten haloid agar with differentsalt concentrations (5-35%), then the plates were incubated at 35-70ºC in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biochemical characterizations, utilization of carbon sources, production of exoenzymes and antibiotic susceptibility were investigated. Taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses were performed using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results: One of the isolated bacteria was found to be Gram-positive, hyperhalophilic, thermophilic, endospore-forming, and was named as 1-9 h isolate. The bacterial cells were bacilli-shaped, which produced endospores at a subterminal position. This isolate was an aerobe and facultative anaerobe and grew between pH 5.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0-7.5), at temperature between 15°C and 65°C (optimal growth at 40-45°C) and at salinity of 9-32% (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally at 18% (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, isolate 1-9 h belongs to the genus Bacillus within the phylum Firmicutes and showed the closest phylogenetic similarity to Gracilibacillus sp. IBP-V003 (99.0%). Conclusion: Based on the results of its phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain 1-9 h represents a novel strain of the genus Gracilibacillus. It can be used in various fields of industry and biotechnology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document