scholarly journals Static and Dynamic Tensile Mechanical Behavior of Polyvinyl Chloride Elastomers with Different Shore Hardness

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jingfa Lei ◽  
Yan Xuan ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Feiya Duan ◽  
Zhan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Small Error ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Shore Hardness

An experiment on the static and dynamic tensile mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) elastomers is conducted using an Instron-5943 universal testing machine and an improved Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar to study the dynamic tensile mechanical properties of PVC elastomer materials. The stress-strain curves of PVC materials with three types of Shore hardness (57A, 52A, and 47A) under the strain rates of 0.1 s−1 and 400 ∼ 1800 s−1 are obtained. Results show that the mechanical behavior of PVC elastomer materials with different Shore hardness has remarkable linear elastic characteristics under the action of quasistatic tensile load. It has substantial sensitivity to strain rate and viscoelastic mechanical characteristics under the action of dynamic tensile load. The Zhu–Wang–Tang nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model is used to characterize the viscoelastic mechanical characteristics with small error. This paper can provide theoretical model and method support for the design, development, production, and reliability analysis of PVC elastomers and other soft polymer materials.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of NiTi and CuNiTi shape-memory wires used in orthodontic treatment. Part 1: stress-strain tests

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Abdo Gravina ◽  
Ione Helena Vieira Portella Brunharo ◽  
Cristiane Canavarro ◽  
Carlos Nelson Elias ◽  
Cátia Cardoso Abdo Quintão
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Machine Model ◽  
Military Institute ◽  
The Military

OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to compare, through traction tests, eight types of superelastic and heat-activated NiTi archwires, by six trade companies (GAC, TP, Ormco, Masel, Morelli and Unitek) to those with addition of copper (CuNiTi 27ºC and 35ºC, Ormco). METHODS: The tests were performed in an EMIC mechanical testing machine, model DL10000, capacity of 10 tons, at the Military Institute of Engineering (IME). RESULTS: The results showed that, generally, heat-activated NiTi archwires presented slighter deactivation loadings in relation to superelastic. Among the archwires that presented deactivation loadings biologically more adequate are the heat-activated by GAC and by Unitek. Among the superelastic NiTi, the CuNiTi 27ºC by Ormco were the ones that presented slighter deactivation loadings, being statistically (ANOVA) similar, to the ones presented by the heat-activated NiTi archwires by Unitek. When compared the CuNiTi 27ºC and 35ºC archwires, it was observed that the 27ºC presented deactivation forces of, nearly, ⅓ of the presented by the 35ºC. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the CuNiTi 35ºC archwires presented deactivation loadings biologically less favorable in relation to the other heat-activated NiTi archwires, associated to lower percentage of deformation, on the constant baselines of deactivation, showing less adequate mechanical behavior, under traction, in relation to the other archwires.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Aligned Date Palm Frond Fiber-Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled AlZebdeh ◽  
M. M. Nassar ◽  
M.A. Al-Hadhrami ◽  
O. Al-Aamri ◽  
S. Al-Defaai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Surrounding Matrix ◽  
Palm Fronds

In recent decades, natural fibers have received attention of scientists and researchers due to their ecofriendly characteristics that qualify them as potential reinforcement in polymer composites in place of synthetic fibers.  In this study, an experimental investigation has been conducted to evaluate the effect of orientation of fibers on mechanical properties of a newly developed bio-composite in which date palm fronds (DPF) are embedded as fibers in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix. Three bio-composite sheets with orientations of 0°, 45° and 90°, respectively have been fabricated after the date palm fronds were chemically treated. The fabricated composite specimens are tested under tensile load using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) in accordance with the ASTM D-638 standard. Then, a comparison of the experimental results against analytical results is made to examine the accuracy and agreement between the two. An inconsistency in moduli, as was discovered, is attributed to the adhesion quality between the fibers and surrounding matrix. Output results help to assess the applicability of such class of bio-composites in real-life applications.  The results of tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break revealed that date palm fronds can be used as reinforcement material in polymer-based composites for low strength applications.  

scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN CHITOSAN DAN PLASTICIZERGLYCERIN DALAM PEMBUATAN BIOPLASTIK BERBAHAN DASAR EKSTRAK PROTEIN AMPAS TAHU

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rindri Ruri Suryani ◽  
Abdul Hakim ◽  
Yusrianti Yusrianti ◽  
Shinfi Wazna Auvaria ◽  
Ika Mustika
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Japan Industrial Standard

Plastik sintetis merupakan plastik yang biasanya berbasis konvensional. Sumber bahan baku plastik sintetis merupakan energi yang tidak dapat diperbarui yaitu minyak bumi. Plastik sintetis memiliki sifat fisik yang fleksibel, ringan, kuat dan ekonomis. Plastik sintetis dapat menyebabkan permasalahan lingkungan yaitu sulitnya plastik sintetis yang terdegradasi oleh tanah. Sehingga dapat menurunkan kualitas tanah dan mikriorganisme. Upaya pencegahan permasalahan sampah plastik dapat dilakukan dengan pengembangan pembuatan plastik dari bahan polimer alami yang disebut bioplastik.  Plastik biodegradableumumnya terbuat dari bahan polisakarida dan dapat terbuat dari sumber protein, salah satunya limbah tahu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah tahu yang diekstrak untuk diambil proteinnyasebagai bahan dasar pembuatan plastik biodegradable, serta untuk mengetahui sifat mekanik dan lama bioplastik protein ampas tahu terdegradasi oleh tanah. Pembuatan bioplastik membutuhakan bahan pemlastis dan bahan aditif untuk menghasilkan plastik yang fleksibel. Penelitian  ini menggunakan penambahan plasticizerglycerin dengan variasi 30%,40%,50% dan bahan pengisi 20%. Penambahan chitosan sebanyak 5 ml. Hasil penelitian pembuatan protein ampas tahu menunjukkan bahwa kadar protein ampas tahu yang dihasilkan dari tahap diekstraksi sebesar 29.72%. Hasil pengujian kuat tarik bioplasik dari protein ampa tahu menggunakan alat UTM (Universal Testing Machine) yangberkisar antara 1.04-2.12 Mpa yang telah memenuhi standar bioplastik menurut Japan Industrial Standard (JIS). Sedangkan hasil pengujian daya serap air menggunakan metode swelling memiliki nilai tertinggi pada glycerin 50% sebesar 196% dalam kurun waktu 30 menit. Sedangkan daya serap paling baik terdapat pada variasi glycerin 30% sebesar 49.7%. Bioplastik berbahan dasar protein ampas tahu dapat terdegrdasi dengan sempurna dalam kisaran waktu 7-14 hari.  Kata kunci: biodegradable plastik, biodegradasi, chitosan, glycerin, sifat mekanik.  Synthetic plastics are plastics that are usually conventional based. The source of synthetic plastic raw material is non-renewable energy, namely petroleum. Synthetic plastics have physical properties that are flexible, lightweight, strong and economical. Synthetic plastics can cause environmental problems, namely the difficulty of synthetic plastics which are degraded by soil. So that it can reduce soil quality and microorganisms. Efforts to prevent the problem of plastic waste can be done by developing the manufacture of plastics from natural polymer materials called bioplastics. Biodegradable plastics are generally made of polysaccharides and can be made from protein sources, one of which is tofu waste. This study aims to utilize the extracted tofu waste for protein as a basic material for making biodegradable plastics, as well as to determine the mechanical properties and length of time for the tofu pulp protein to be degraded by the soil. The manufacture of bioplastics requires plasticizers and additives to produce flexible plastics. This study used the addition of glycerol plasticizer with a variation of 30%, 40%, 50% and 20% filler. The addition of 5 ml of chitosan. The results of the research on making tofu pulp protein showed that the protein content of tofu pulp from the extraction process was 29.72%. Bioplastic tensile strength value from tofu pulp ranges from 1.04-2.12 MPa which has met the bioplastic standards according to the Japan Industrial Standard (JIS). The highest water absorption capacity of bioplastics from tofu pulp protein was found in the glycerol 50% variation of 196% within 30 minutes. Meanwhile, the lowest absorption rate was found in the 30% glycerol variation of 49.7%. Bioplastics from tofu pulp protein can completely decompose in 7-14 days. Keywords: chitosan, degradation, glycerol, mechanical properties, plastic biodegradable.

Effect of Variation of Injection Moulding Parameters on Static and Dynamic Material Characteristics of Filled Polymer Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 1147 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Vaclav Contos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Filled Polymer ◽  
Material Characteristics ◽  
The Continuum

A Continuum (filled polymer) is inhomogeneous and anisotropic. The Continuum is used in an injection moulding simulation at first (generally unnewton type of fluid). Then the continuum is solid (after cooling) and it is possible to carry out ordinary structural analysis with it both static and dynamic. The solid continuum has different mechanical properties for each of discrete element. The consequent values of mechanical characteristics (after simulation of load) will generally have different values when influence of injection moulding is taken into account for analyses.

scholarly journals Polyimide-Based Nanocomposites with Binary CeO2/Nanocarbon Fillers: Conjointly Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. Nikolaeva ◽  
Iosif V. Gofman ◽  
Alexander V. Yakimansky ◽  
Elena M. Ivan’kova ◽  
Ivan V. Abalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Binary Blends ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
The Matrix

To design novel polymer materials with optimal properties relevant to industrial usage, it would seem logical to modify polymers with reportedly good functionality, such as polyimides (PIs). We have created a set of PI-based nanocomposites containing binary blends of CeO2 with carbon nanoparticles (nanocones/discs or nanofibres), to improve a number of functional characteristics of the PIs. The prime novelty of this study is in a search for a synergistic effect amidst the nanofiller moieties regarding the thermal and the mechanical properties of PIs. In this paper, we report on the structure, thermal, and mechanical characteristics of the PI-based nanocomposites with binary fillers. We have found that, with a certain composition, the functional performance of a material can be substantially improved. For example, a PI containing SO2-groups in its macrochains not only had its thermal stability enhanced (by ~20 °C, 10% weight loss up to 533 °C) but also had its stiffness increased by more than 10% (Young’s modulus as high as 2.9–3.0 GPa) in comparison with the matrix PI. In the case of a PI with no sulfonic groups, binary fillers increased stiffness of the polymer above its glass transition temperature, thereby widening its working temperature range. The mechanisms of these phenomena are discussed. Thus, this study could contribute to the design of new composite materials with controllable and improved functionality.

Experimental-Theoretical Method for Defining Physical-Mechanical Properties of Polymer Materials with Regard to Change of Their Physical-Chemical Properties

2013 ◽  
pp. 191-203
Author(s):  
Gabil G. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Corrosive Liquid ◽  
The Stability

In this paper, an experimental-theoretical method is suggested for defining physical-mechanical characteristics of polymer materials with regard to influence of corrosive liquid media. Experimental dependences of mechanical characteristics on a swelling function are given for a series of polymer materials. One dimensional and three-dimensional linear-elastic models of body deformation with regard to influence of corrosive liquid media are suggested. A new phenomenon, bulging of a polymer strip rigidly fastened by both ends because of swilling forces, is established. The stability criterion is given for a strip made of a polymer material situated under the action of swelling forces only.

Effects of Moisture Exposure on the Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Encapsulants in Microelectronic Packaging

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat J. Chhanda ◽  
Jeffrey C. Suhling ◽  
Pradeep Lall
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Stress ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Uniaxial Test ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Humidity Chamber

Polymer encapsulants exhibit evolving properties that change significantly with environmental exposures such as moisture uptake, isothermal aging and thermal cycling. In this study, the effects of moisture adsorption on the stress-strain behavior of a polymer encapsulant were evaluated experimentally. The uniaxial test specimens were exposed in an adjustable thermal and humidity chamber to combined hygrothermal exposures at 85 °C/85% RH for various durations. After moisture preconditioning, a microscale tension-torsion testing machine was used to evaluate the complete stress-strain behavior of the material at several temperatures. It was found that moisture exposure caused plasticization and strongly reduced the mechanical properties of the encapsulant including the initial elastic modulus and ultimate tensile stress. Reversibility tests were also conducted to evaluate whether the degradations in the mechanical properties were recoverable. Upon fully redrying, the polymer was found to recover most but not all of its original mechanical properties. As revealed by FTIR, some of the adsorbed water had been hydrolyzed in the organic structure of the epoxy-based adhesive, causing permanent changes to the mechanical behavior.

Graphene oxide as a compatibilizer for polyvinyl chloride/rice straw composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Bagherinia ◽  
Milad Sheydaei ◽  
Masoud Giahi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Physical Interactions

Abstract In this study, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/rice straw (RS)/graphene oxide (GO) sustainable nanocomposite was prepared using the direct compounding method. Structural, morphological and mechanical properties of fabricated sustainable nanocomposites were compared with unfilled and RS-filled PVC compounds. Mechanical characteristics of PVC decreased with loading RS fibers. The main reason for the mechanical failure of PVC/RS composite is the incompatibility between PVC and RS fibers. GO nanosheets are used here to improve the compatibility between RS fibers and PVC macromolecules. Compared to the neat PVC, maximum strength of the RS/GO-loaded PVC composite increased up to 31%, with incorporating only 1 wt% of GO nanosheets. This enhancement in the mechanical characteristics of PVC/RS/GO nanocomposite can only be due to the role of GO nanosheets as a compatibilizer, as 1 wt% GO loading can only increase the mechanical strength of PVC compounds up to 9%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results are used here to study the nature of these behaviors. It is suggested that the non-covalent and physical interactions between cellulose/hemicellulose portions of RS fibers and GO functional groups result in the enhancement of mechanical characteristics. Consequently, GO can be considered as a new compatibilizer for fabricating high performance PVC-based sustainable nanocomposites.

The Influence of 3D Printing Parameters on Elastic and Mechanical Characteristics of Polylactide

2019 ◽  
Vol 957 ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Baciu ◽  
Daniel Vlăsceanu ◽  
Anton Hadăr
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Printing Parameters

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of 3D printing parameters (i.e. print speed, infill density, infill patterns) on the elastic and mechanical properties (i.e. Young modulus, yield limit, ultimate tensile strength). These properties have been determined experimentally on different specimens subjected to tensile loading using a universal testing machine INSTRON 8872. For these experimental investigations, the test specimens were manufactured in accordance to ASTM standards, modifying the following printing parameters: print speed, infill density, infill patterns. The influence of printing parameters on elastic and mechanical properties is necessary for a better understanding of the material behavior necessary in modelling and design of some type of structures manufactured using 3D printing method.

scholarly journals Study on Morphology, Rheology, and Mechanical Properties of Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/CaCO3Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Chunzheng Wang ◽  
Mingtao Run
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Impact Tester ◽  
Trimethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Pseudoplastic Fluids ◽  
The Impact

For preparing good performance polymer materials, poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/CaCO3nanocomposites were prepared and their morphology, rheological behavior, mechanical properties, heat distortion, and crystallization behaviors were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, capillary rheometer, universal testing machine, impact tester, heat distortion temperature tester, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The results suggest that the nano-CaCO3particles are dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix. PTT/CaCO3nanocomposites are pseudoplastic fluids, and the CaCO3nanoparticles serve as a lubricant by decreasing the apparent viscosity of the nanocomposites; however, both the apparent viscosity and the pseudoplasticity of the nanocomposites increase with increasing CaCO3contents. The nanoparticles also have nucleation effects on PTT’s crystallization by increasing the crystallization rate and temperature; however, excessive nanoparticles will depress this effect because of the agglomeration of the particles. The mechanical properties suggest that the CaCO3nanoparticles have good effects on improving the impact strength and tensile strength with proper content of fillers. The nanofillers can greatly increase the heat distortion property of the nanocomposites.

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