scholarly journals Effects of Basketball and Baduanjin Exercise Interventions on Problematic Smartphone Use and Mental Health among College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tao Xiao ◽  
Can Jiao ◽  
Jie Yao ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Smartphone Use

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has become a prevalent issue worldwide. Previous studies suggest that physical exercising may effectively reduce smartphone users’ addiction levels. Comparisons and further evaluations on the long-term effects of different types of exercise-based interventions on treating PSU remain to be investigated. Objective. We investigated if group-based basketball and Baduanjin exercise (a type of Qigong) would reduce PSU and improve the mental health of college students and whether such effects would be sustained. A twelve-week experiment was conducted, where 96 eligible Chinese college students with PSU were randomly assigned to two intervention arms (i.e., basketball and Baduanjin exercises) and a control arm. Outcome measures, including PSU (measured by the Mobile Phone Addiction Index in Chinese (MPAI)) and mental health indices for anxiety (measured by Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SRAS)), loneliness (measured by the short-form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS)), inadequacy (measured by the revised Janis and Field’s Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (FIS)), and stress (measured by the Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS)) were collected at the baseline, the end of week 12, and the two-month follow-up. A Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model for longitudinal data was utilized in analyses. Results. Both exercise interventions demonstrated significant effects on decreasing PSU (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p < 0.01 ), feelings of anxiety (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p = 0.04 ), loneliness (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p < 0.01 ), inadequacy (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p < 0.01 ), and perceived stress (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p = 0.04 ), at the end of interventions. At two months after interventions, both exercise interventions demonstrated significant effects on decreasing PSU (basketball: p < 0.05 ; Baduanjin: p < 0.05 ), feelings of anxiety (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p = 0.03 ), loneliness (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p < 0.01 ), and inadequacy (basketball: p < 0.01 ; Baduanjin: p = 0.01 ), but not for feeling of stress. Furthermore, group-based basketball demonstrated larger improvements for all these significant results on reducing PSU and meanwhile improving their related mental health parameters among college students.

scholarly journals Stress, dependency, and depression: An examination of the reinforcement effects of problematic smartphone use on perceived stress and later depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhao ◽  
Matthew A. Lapierre
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Dependency

Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) is associated with a series of mental health issues including depression; yet, the directionality and underlying mechanisms for these associations are underdetermined. This study investigated the possible reinforcement effects of PSU on perceived stress and later depression and the moderating effect of social support on the associations between perceived stress and smartphone use and PSU. This study further explored the differential effects for separate types of smartphone use. With a sample of 222 college students, we found that PSU reinforced perceived stress especially for people with high levels of stress, and perceived stress fully mediated the association between PSU and depression. Regarding types of smartphone use, we found that perceived stress was associated with both person-to-person and social networking smartphone use. In addition, for people with low to medium levels of social support, perceived stress was linked to increased PSU via social networking smartphone use.

Perceived stress and suicidal behaviors in college students: Conditional indirect effects of depressive symptoms and mental health stigma.

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jameson K. Hirsch ◽  
Jessica Kelliher Rabon ◽  
Esther E. Reynolds ◽  
Alison L. Barton ◽  
Edward C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Mental Health Stigma ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Conditional Indirect Effects

scholarly journals StudiCare mindfulness—study protocol of a randomized controlled trial evaluating an internet- and mobile-based intervention for college students with no and “on demand” guidance

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie Küchler ◽  
Dana Schultchen ◽  
Olga Pollatos ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
David D. Ebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background College is an exciting but also challenging time with an increased risk for mental health issues. Only a minority of the college students concerned get professional help, a problem that might be improvable by internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs). However, adherence of IMIs is a concern. While guidance might be a solution, it is resource-intensive, derailing potential implementation on population level. The first aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy of the IMI StudiCare Mindfulness (StudiCare-M) for college students with “on demand” and no guidance. The second aim is to examine potential moderators and mediators, contributing to the questions of “how” and “for whom” such interventions work. Methods In this three-armed randomized controlled trial, both an unguided and “guidance on demand” (GoD) condition of StudiCare-M are compared to a waitlist control group. StudiCare-M is based on principles of acceptance and commitment therapy and stress management and consists of 7 modules plus two booster sessions. Participants in the GoD condition may ask their e-coach for support whenever needed. A total of 387 college students with moderate to low mindfulness are recruited at 15+ cooperating universities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland via circular emails. Assessments take place before as well as 1, 2, and 6 months after randomization. The primary outcome is mindfulness. Secondary outcomes include stress, depression, anxiety, interoception, presenteeism, wellbeing, intervention satisfaction, adherence, and potential side effects. Among examined moderators and mediators are sociodemographic variables, pre-treatment symptomatology, treatment expectancy, self-efficacy, cognitive fusion, emotion regulation, and alexithymia. All data will be analyzed according to intention-to-treat (ITT) principles. Discussion Providing effective interventions to help college students become more resilient can make a valuable contribution to the health and functionality of future society. If effective under the condition of minimal or no guidance, StudiCare-M offers a low-threshold potentially resource-efficient possibility to enhance college student mental health on a population level. Moderation- and mediation analyses will deliver further insights for optimization of target groups and intervention content. Trial registration WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform via the German Clinical Studies Trial Register DRKS00014774. Registered on 18 May 2018.

Excessive reassurance seeking mediates relations between rumination and problematic smartphone use

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon D. Elhai ◽  
Dmitri Rozgonjuk ◽  
Ahmad M. Alghraibeh ◽  
Jason C. Levine ◽  
Ali A. Alafnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Excessive Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Psychopathology Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of

Aside from depression and anxiety, less is known about the relationship of problematic smartphone use (PSU) to other psychopathology- related variables. The authors' aim was to test previously neglected variables in relation to PSU: rumination and excessive reassurance seeking behavior (ERSB). The authors recruited 295 college students for a web-based survey of smartphone use frequency, PSU, depression and anxiety, ruminative thinking, and ERSB. The authors tested linear regression and mediation models, assessing rumination and ERSB as mediating associations between depression/anxiety severity with PSU, adjusting for age, sex, and smartphone use frequency. Results demonstrate that ERSB was significantly related to PSU severity, and ERSB mediated the association between rumination and PSU. Furthermore, the combination of rumination and ERSB mediated relations between both depression and anxiety severity with PSU. Results provide evidence for ERSB as an important variable in understanding relationships between psychopathology symptoms and PSU severity among college students.

scholarly journals Stress and perceived health among primary care visitors in two corners of Europe: Scandinavia and Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Koppner ◽  
Marios Chatziarzenis ◽  
Tomas Faresjö ◽  
Elvar Theodorsson ◽  
Annika Thorsell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Future ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Abstract Background The global financial crisis emerging in 2008 struck Greece especially hard, whereas Scandinavian countries were less affected. This has created a unique opportunity to study the long-term effect of community stress on populations. Increasing frequencies of mental health issues and poorer perceived health among the Greek population have been reported. The physiological marker of long-term stress, cortisol in hair, is applied in this study together with measures of perceived health and stress, depression and anxiety. Our aim was to study self-reported and physiological stress, perceived health, including mental health, in the general population of Greece compared to Scandinavia, in order to assess long-term effects of the economic crisis on these parameters. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study of adult (18–65 years) Primary Health Care visitors from semi-rural areas in Greece (n = 84) and Scandinavia (n = 140). Data collection was performed in 2012, and encompassed a questionnaire with a variety of health and stress indicators as well as hair samples for analyzes of cortisol levels. Results The Greek sample reported significantly poorer overall health (p < 0.0001) than the Scandinavians and a significantly higher perceived stress (p < 0.0001). The Greeks were also less hopeful of the future (p < 0.0001), and to a larger extent fulfilled the HAD criteria for depression (p < 0.0001) and anxiety (p = 0.002). The strongest predictors explaining ill health in logistic regressions were being Greek (p = 0.001) and feeling hopeless about the future p = 0.001, OR = 6.00 (CI 2.10–14.88). Strong predictors in logistic regressions for high perceived stress were anxiety: high (p < 0.0001) and medium (p = 0.0001), as well as medium depression (p = 0.02). Conclusions Greek adult Primary Health Care visitors perceived their health more negatively than the Scandinavians, including a higher presence of depression, anxiety, and a lower hope for the future. The Greeks also reported higher perceived stress, but this was not reflected in higher cortisol levels. The findings presented here, identify possible adverse long-term effects of the economic crisis in the examined Greek population that are not seen in the Scandinavian cohort. These differences may also be interpreted against the background of socio-cultural differences in the northern and south-eastern corners of Europe.

Proneness to Boredom Mediates Relationships Between Problematic Smartphone Use With Depression and Anxiety Severity

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon D. Elhai ◽  
Juanita K. Vasquez ◽  
Samuel D. Lustgarten ◽  
Jason C. Levine ◽  
Brian J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Anxiety Symptom ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Boredom Proneness

Research demonstrates that depression and anxiety symptom severity are related to problematic smartphone use (PSU). However, less is known about variables mediating these relationships. This study aimed to test whether proneness to boredom increased PSU. We also tested whether boredom proneness mediates relations between both depression and anxiety symptom severity with PSU. Using a cross-sectional design, we surveyed 298 American college students about their frequency of smartphone use, levels of PSU, depression, anxiety, and boredom proneness. Using structural equation modeling, we modeled depression and anxiety symptom severity predicting boredom proneness, in turn predicting levels of PSU and smartphone use frequency (SUF). Results demonstrate that boredom proneness predicted PSU, but not SUF. Boredom proneness mediated relations between both depression and anxiety symptom severity with PSU levels (but not usage frequency). We discuss the phenomenon in terms of depressed or anxious college students having difficulty attending to their schoolwork, subsequently experiencing boredom, and engaging in PSU to relieve their boredom.

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