scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Stunting among Primary School Children in Northeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Getaw Walle Bazie ◽  
Mohammed Seid ◽  
Gudina Egata
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Family Size ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis

Background. Stunting is a major public health problem affecting children in low- and middle-income countries and has become one of the underlying causes of early childhood mortality. However, there is a paucity of information on the prevalence of stunting and its predictors among school children in these settings including Ethiopia. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of stunting and its predictors among school children in Northeast Ethiopia. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study design was used among 341 primary school children in Northeast Ethiopia from October to December 2019. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit the study subjects. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and dietary data. Anthropometric data were generated using WHO AnthroPlus software version 1.0.4. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to see the association between independent variables and the outcome variable. Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at p value ≤ 0.05. Results. The prevalence of stunting was found to be 14.1% (95% CI: 10.1%, 18.1%). Family size of 6–9 (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI: (1.16, 4.58)), washing hands less frequently before eating (AOR = 3.96; 95% CI: (2.09, 11.66)), and intestinal parasitic infection (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI: (1.16, 4.95)) were significantly associated with stunting. Conclusion. The prevalence of stunting among school-age children was a great public health concern. Large family size, poor handwashing practice before meals, and intestinal parasitosis were significant predictors of stunting. Thus, periodic deworming, health education on personal hygiene, and health promotion and counseling on family planning need to be strengthened by all relevant stakeholders.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND ITS SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE CAPE COAST METROPOLIS, GHANA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-228
Author(s):  
Augustina Araba Amissah ◽  
Justice Mensah ◽  
John Victor Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Childhood obesity is a major public health concern around the globe as it is associated with adverse consequences such as psychological problems, lower educational attainment, and a high risk of health challenges later in life. The study investigated the prevalence of obesity and its socio-psychological effects on primary school children in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. Interview schedule and interview guide were used to collect primary data from 317 pupils and 24 teachers respectively from public and private schools in 2018. Microsoft Excel software (version 2013) was used to analyse quantitative data while content analysis was used for qualitative data based on themes. The result indicated that the overall prevalence rate was five percent. Prevalence of obesity was higher in private schools than public schools while that among male pupils was higher than their female counterparts. Pupils of age 11 years were at higher risk than those at age nine years.  The socio-psychological effects on the affected children included stigmatization, exclusion from taking part in some competitive activities, inactive and often slept during lessons. The school authorities should collaborate with the Metropolitan Directorates of Education and Health to manage obesity in the schools. They could invite health experts to educate school management, teachers, pupils, and parents on support systems for managing childhood obesity.

scholarly journals PERSONAL HYGIENE AND ANTHELMINTIC CONSUMPTION IN PREVENTION OF ENTEROBIASIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Ratna Muliawati ◽  
Mushidah Mushidah ◽  
Siti Musyarofah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio

Background: Pinworm infection remains a global public health problem in Indonesia, with the highest prevalence in primary school–aged children. The government has made helminthiasis control efforts through annual deworming every six months, yet data on the enterobiasis prevalence and its risk factors are still limited. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the role of personal hygiene and anthelmintic or worm medicine consumption in the prevention of enterobiasis among primary school children. Methods: This research employed an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design. The population used was primary school children in the Public Health Center (PHC) of Kaliwungu area, Kendal District, Central Java Province. The research sample was 150 students from first grade to third grade at 1 Primary Elementary School 1 Kutoharjo. The data sources were obtained from interviews of risk factors and perianal swab examinations. The data were analyzed by a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of pinworm infection among primary school children remains high (37.33%). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there are three determinant variables of pinworm infections: not washing hands with soap before eating (p < 0.01; Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) = 6.47; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2.87 < POR < 14.59); not washing hands with soap after defecation (p = 0.01; POR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.40 < POR < 8.05); and not consuming anthelmintic drugs within the past six months (p = 0.03; POR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.08 < POR < 5.50). Conclusion: Hand washing habits and annual deworming are important factors to prevent pinworm infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Short Stature and Malnutrition among Egyptian Primary School Children and their Coexistence with Anemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. El Shafie ◽  
Zeinab A. Kasemy ◽  
Zein A. omar ◽  
Safa H. Alkalash ◽  
Amal A. salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor ◽  
Egyptian Children

Abstract Background: Under nutrition and overweight typically occur during nutritional transition periods in developing countries including Egypt. Short stature and anemia are public health concern due to its strong link with malnutrition which is a preventable risk factor. Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, underweight and short stature and its concurrence with anemia, also to determine the etiological profile of short stature among primary school children in Egypt.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 33150 Egyptian children aged 6-11 years old from January 2018 to January 2020, allocated in 59 primary schools from diverse geographical districts in Egypt. Complete anthropometric measurements were conducted and applied according to WHO growth charts. Hemoglobin level was measured. Systematic approach to detect the etiology of short stature was applied randomly to a sample of 380 stunted children.Results: The prevalence of underweight was 8.2 %, while obesity and overweight represented 21.8% (9.6% and 12.2% respectively). Overall short stature constituted 17%. The main etiologies of short stature were familial (40.8%) and constitutional (24.2%). Anemia was diagnosed in 26% of children; while concurrent anemia and stunting was reported in 9.9%. Regarding anemia and anemia with stunting were more common among girls (30.0 % (OR=1.50, CI95%: 1.43-1.58) and 11.4% (OR=1.39, CI95%:1.29-1.49) respectively), who were living in rural areas (33.4% (OR=1.96, CI 95%:1.87-2.06) &12.7% (OR= 1.72, CI 95%:1.60-1.85)) and those who had low socioeconomic status )34.6% (OR= 2.54, CI 95%:2.29-2.82) & 17.2% (OR= 3.32, CI 95%:2.85-3.88() respectively. Anemia with stunting was significantly higher among children aged ≥9 years old representing 12% (OR= 1.40, CI 95%:1.30-1.51). Conclusion: Prevalence of short stature, obesity and anemia was high among primary school children in Egypt with a strong concurrence between anemia and stunting. Intensive parental health education and in-depth nutritional assessment are required.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bullying victimisation among primary school children in South Africa: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnay Manuel ◽  
Sabirah Adams ◽  
Mulalo Mpilo ◽  
Shazly Savahl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
North West ◽  
Bullying Victimisation

Abstract Objectives Bullying victimisation (BV) among children in South Africa has been identified as a major public health concern. While several studies report on the prevalence rates of BV, there is currently a dearth of research that reports on the prevalence of BV among a national sample of primary school children. This study determines the prevalence rates of BV among a nationally representative sample of school-going children in South Africa across provinces, age, and gender. The sample comprised 7067 children (boys = 45.6%; girls = 54.4%) between the ages of 10–12-years attending 61 primary schools across the nine provincial regions of South Africa. Results In terms of ‘being hit’ by other children, percentages range from 22.55% (North West) to 33.34% (Free State). Children in Gauteng (33.59%) and Limpopo (38.54%) had the highest percentage of children being ‘left out’ or excluded. Additionally, across all provinces more than 30% of children reported that they had been ‘called unkind names’. Across gender, boys are more likely to experience all three forms of BV (being hit, left out, and called unkind names). The findings further indicate that 10-year-olds reported being ‘hit’ and ‘left out’, whereas a greater percentage of 12-year-olds reported ‘being called unkind names’ (44.28%).

scholarly journals Vulnerability and Weaknesses of Eating Habits of Overweight School Children as an Entry Risk for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Ammal M. Metwally ◽  
Fatma A. Shaaban ◽  
Walaa S. Mahmoud ◽  
Ebtissam M. Salah ◽  
Marwa M. El-Sonbaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rich Food

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, overweight among children becomes an alarming problem and a health concern. Obesity is a factor in disease severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) having the greatest impact on patients. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight in some of the Egyptian governmental primary school children, its nutritional and socioeconomic determinants. Special focus was directed to identify the current dietary practices including risky nutritional habits of overweight children as a weak point leading to increasing their vulnerability to catching COVID-19 infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on primary school children aged 6–12 years. General demographic data, socioeconomic data, dietary pattern, intake of a diversity of nutrient-rich food versus calorie-dense food, and anthropometrical data were collected. RESULTS: Of 1600 child, there were 8% overweight who are considered at risk of COVID-19 infection. Considering the weekly share of the stomach, only one-third of the food consumed by overweight children is nutrient-rich, with high consumption of French fries and Candies (once per day among 95% and 78 % of overweight children, respectively). Moreover, 90% of them consume sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) more than once per day. The majority of overweight children belonged to small, middle- income families, and had illiterate or read and write mothers. CONCLUSION: Overweight children eat narrow diversity of nutrient-rich food that includes vegetables, fruits, protein, and dairy products. They eat more calorie-dense foods, every day. The increase of family income increased the likelihood of having overweight children with a high intake of SSB, candies, and chips; consumption of snacks between meals and before sleep. Protective predictors against overweight were highly educated mothers, taking breakfast before school, having dinner, and taking meals on time. RECOMMENDATION: Nutritional behavioral education aiming at choosing nutritious and varied options of food that is effective for improving children’s nutritional status is the key to decreasing vulnerability toward COVID 19.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Short Stature and Malnutrition among Egyptian Primary School Children and their Coexistence with Anemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. El Shafie ◽  
Zeinab A. Kasemy ◽  
Zein A. omar ◽  
Safa H. Alkalash ◽  
Amal A. salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor ◽  
Egyptian Children

Abstract Background: Under nutrition and overweight typically occur during nutritional transition periods in developing countries including Egypt. Short stature and anemia are public health concern due to its strong link with malnutrition which is a preventable risk factor. Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, underweight and short stature and its concurrence with anemia, also to determine the etiological profile of short stature among primary school children in Egypt.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 33150 Egyptian children aged 6-11 years old from January 2018 to January 2020, allocated in 59 primary schools from diverse geographical districts in Egypt. Complete anthropometric measurements were conducted and applied according to WHO growth charts. Hemoglobin level was measured. Systematic approach to detect the etiology of short stature was applied randomly to a sample of 380 stunted children.Results: The prevalence of underweight was 8.2 %, while obesity and overweight represented 21.8% (9.6% and 12.2% respectively). Overall short stature constituted 17%. The main etiologies of short stature were familial (40.8%) and constitutional (24.2%). Anemia was diagnosed in 26% of children; while concurrent anemia and stunting was reported in 9.9%. Regarding anemia and anemia with stunting were more common among girls (30.0 % (OR=1.50, CI95%: 1.43-1.58) and 11.4% (OR=1.39, CI95%:1.29-1.49) respectively), who were living in rural areas (33.4% (OR=1.96, CI 95%:1.87-2.06) &12.7% (OR= 1.72, CI 95%:1.60-1.85)) and those who had low socioeconomic status )34.6% (OR= 2.54, CI 95%:2.29-2.82) & 17.2% (OR= 3.32, CI 95%:2.85-3.88() respectively. Anemia with stunting was significantly higher among children aged ≥9 years old representing 12% (OR= 1.40, CI 95%:1.30-1.51). Conclusion: Prevalence of short stature, obesity and anemia was high among primary school children in Egypt with a strong concurrence between anemia and stunting. Intensive parental health education and in-depth nutritional assessment are required.

scholarly journals Vitamin A Deficiency among Rural Primary School Children, A still Neglected Group for Vitamin A Supplementation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Nawidimbasba ZEBA ◽  
Jean Fidèle Bationo ◽  
Olivier Ouahamin Sombié ◽  
Jeoffray Diendéré
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
School Children ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
High Dose

Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is still a public health problem across the globe and also in Burkina Faso, especially for under-five-years-old children. Since less information is available about the prevalence of VAD among the primary school children, this study aimed to study this area. Methods: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of high dose of vitamin A (VA) and daily zinc versus high dose of VA and daily zinc placebo (6 days per week) during four months among the primary school children. Of the total number of 200 school children, 100 were allocated to two random groups. Participants’ gender, age, weight, and height were measured, a blood smear was performed for malaria diagnosis, stool samples were collected for intestine parasites’ assessment, and blood samples were collected for haemoglobin and serum retinol measurement. Results: Baseline data of 183 school children were analysed and the findings showed that 20.6% of the school children were underweight (23.2% in girls vs. 16.5% in boys; P = 0.043). Anemia affected 36.2%, 39% had Plasmodium Falciparum, and 37.6% had intestine parasites. Furthermore, VAD prevalence was 46.1% (51.0% in boys vs. 41.2% in girls; P = 0,072). Conclusion: Among primary school children in the Western part of Burkina Faso, VAD is not only higher than other regions of the country, but also twice the critical level and defined as a severe public health problem by WHO. This result calls for action among the primary school children and recalls the importance of taking strategies against VAD among under-five-year-old children.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Socio-Economic Factors on Nutritional Status in Primary School - A Cross Sectional Study in Purulia of West Bengal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Dimpal Arora ◽  
Subrata Datta ◽  
Soudeep Kr Sau
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Family Size ◽  
School Children ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Background: Child malnutrition is one of the most vital global health problems concerning in most of the poor communities leading to high morbidity and mortality. Various studies have highlighted the relation-ship between socioeconomic status and nutrition levels of primary school children. The present study focuses on socioeconomic inequality resulting in risk of malnutrition. Objectives of the Study were to find the Impact of socio-economic factors on nutritional status in primary school children. Methods: A cross sectional survey of 281 children, aged 6-10 years were selected from remote primary school in Purulia were used in the study. the primary schools were randomly selected. The studied variables included; Age, sex of the pupils, parents’ socio-economic status and family size of selected House Holds. Interview of pupils and parents was carried out using prepared Nordic questionnaire template. Weight and height of the children were measured. and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by standard method. Data was analyzed using Microsoft excel, SPSS version 8.0 .The chi-square significance of association was deter-mined at Level of significance less than 0.05. Results: The proportion of girls and boys are 55.8% and 44.2% respectively. The nutritional status of children from lower socio economic class was poor as com-pared to their counter parts came from upper socio economic class. Children with BMI <5th percentile were 30.9% in low class while in high class it was only 12.1%. Prevalence of malnutrition was 41.9% among children of family size>4 as compare to 16.4% in those of House Holds had family size<5. During comparison of the studied children with children of same age group of overall West Bengal from NNMB survey, 2002, the first group had lower BMI than the second group. Conclusion: Poverty, low literacy rate, large families, food insecurity, food safety, appears to be the important factors responsible for poor health status of children from low socioeconomic class. Efforts should be given for exploring knowledge about nutritional needs during childhood, and creating nutritional and health awareness among young rural children to ensure a better quality of life for the next generation.International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 4 No 2 (2014) 15 – 18

scholarly journals Malnutrition and Some Related Factors in Primary School Children in Saudi Arabia: Systemic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Hassan Tag Elkhatim Mohamed ◽  
Fahad Salamah Obaid Alanazi ◽  
Salah Farhan T. Alanazi ◽  
Mohammed Naif H. Aljuraysi ◽  
Omar Ayed B. Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Life Years ◽  
And Gender

Background: Malnutrition is an underlying factor in many diseases in both children and adults, and it contributes greatly to the disability-adjusted life years worldwide. It is a major public health concern in developing countries among children since it places a heavy burden on already disadvantaged communities. Methods: This is systematic review was carried out, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO using the following terms in different combinations: Malnutrition, overweight, underweight, systemic review, primary school children, Saudi Arabia. Results: The review included 9 studies from different countries that assess the level of malnutrition and associated factors among school children. Many of studies reported high prevalence of malnutrition among school children which included overweight, stunting, wasting and underweight. The studies reported that age, gender, regularity of father’s employment, and dietary factors were associated with malnutrition. Also, the type of school attended was found to be associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: This review concluded that there was high malnutrition prevalence among school children in different parts and its affected by many factors like age and gender.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Geohelminths among Primary School Children in Edoh Community, Esit Eket Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
M. N. Wogu ◽  
E. O. Onosakponome ◽  
U. A. Harry
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Significant Public Health

Background: Geohelminths are responsible for some Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) which have significant public health impacts in sub – Saharan Africa. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of geohelminths among primary school children. Study Design: A cross – sectional randomized study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Salvation Army Primary School, Esit Eket Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study was conducted from June to December, 2018 (six months). Materials and Methods: Stool samples were collected from each study participant, examined macroscopically (to detect the presence of blood, mucous, consistency and colour) and microscopically (to detect the presence of Geohelminths) using sedimentation concentration technique. Results: An overall Geohelminths prevalence of 58.0% was recorded in this study and only four species of Geohelminths were identified with varying prevalence; Ascarislumbricoides 35.7%, Hookworm 26.6%, Trichuristrichiura 4.2% and Strongyloidesstercoralis 2.8% (P =.05). Age groups 12–14 years and 3–5 years had the highest and least prevalence of 70.0% and 55.6% respectively while males and females had prevalence of 62.7% and 52.9% respectively. Conclusion: Geohelminths still have significant public health effects in Nigeria; prompt interventions such as accurate diagnosis, mass chemotherapy, periodic health education and improved living conditions will effectively reduce the menace of geohelminths.

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