scholarly journals A Gas Sensor for Application as a Propane Leak Detector

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
José Trinidad Guillen Bonilla ◽  
Héctor Guillen Bonilla ◽  
Verónica-M. Rodríguez-Betancourtt ◽  
Alex Guillen Bonilla ◽  
Antonio Casillas Zamora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Analog Circuit ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Oxide Powders ◽  
Gas Detector

A propane gas detector was built based on the semiconductor nickel antimonate oxide (NiSb2O6) by means of an analog electronic circuit. The gas detector was designed for monitoring atmospheres where the leakage of propane gas could possibly occur. The prototype’s construction methodology is presented in 5 stages: (1) synthesis of NiSb2O6 oxide powders, (2) characterization of the powders by XRD and TEM, (3) manufacture and electrical characterization of the chemical gas sensor, (4) design of the analog circuit based on the electrical response of the gas sensor, and (5) functionality tests. The gas detector was built at low cost and showed excellent functionality. The operating conditions were as follows: 200°C, gas concentration of 5 ppm, electronic circuit gain of 5, and sensor sensitivity of 0.41.

scholarly journals Carbone Monoxide (CO) Detection Device Based on the Nickel Antimonate Oxide and a DC Electronic Circuit

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3799
Author(s):  
José Trinidad Guillen Bonilla ◽  
Héctor Guillén Bonilla ◽  
Verónica María Rodríguez Betancourtt ◽  
Antonio Casillas Zamora ◽  
Jorge Alberto Ramírez Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Oxide Powders ◽  
Co Detection ◽  
Electronic Circuit Implementation ◽  
Co Gas

Carbon monoxide (CO) is very toxic to health. CO gas can cause intoxication and even death when the concentration is high or there are long exposure times. To detect atmospheres with CO gas concentration detectors are placed. In this work, a novel CO detection device was proposed and applied for CO detection. For its implementation, four stages were developed: Synthesis of nickel antimonite (NiSb2O6) oxide powders, physical characterization of NiSb2O6 powders, Pellet fabrication and sensitivity test in CO atmospheres and electronic circuit implementation where signal adaptation and signal amplification were considered. Experimentally, a chemical sensor was built and characterized, its signal adaptation circuit was implemented and also it was proved using CO concentrations from 1 to 300 ppm with the operating temperatures of 100, 200, and 300 °C. Its optimal operation was at 300 °C. From the experimental results, the CO detection device had excellent functionality because the chemical sensor based on the nickel antimonite oxide had high sensitivity and good electrical response, whereas the DC electronic circuit had good performance.

scholarly journals Thermal and Electrical Characterization of a Semi-Transparent Dye Sensitized Photovoltaic Module under Real Operating Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Cornaro ◽  
Ludovica Renzi ◽  
Marco Pierro ◽  
Aldo Di Carlo ◽  
Alessandro Guglielmotti
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Gain Coefficient ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Dye Sensitized

Dye sensitized solar cell technology is having an important role in renewable energy research due to its features and low cost manufacturing processes. Devices based on this technology appear very well suited for integration into glazing systems due to their characteristics of transparency, color tuning and manufacturing directly on glass substrates. Field data of thermal and electrical characteristics of dye sensitized solar modules (DSM) are important since they can be used as input of building simulation models for the evaluation of their energy saving potential when integrated into buildings. However still few works in the literature provide this information. The study here presented wants to contribute to fill this gap providing a thermal and electrical characterization of a DSM in real operating conditions using a method developed in house. This method uses experimental data coming from test boxes exposed outdoor and dynamic simulation to provide thermal transmittance and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of a DSM prototype. The device exhibits an U-value of 3.6 W/m2K, confirmed by an additional measurement carried on in the lab using a heat flux meter, and a SHGC of 0.2, value compliant with literature results. Electrical characterization evidences an increase of module power with respect to temperature causing DSM suitable for integration in building facades.

Mechanical characterization of materials for bulk forming using a drop weight testing machine

2010 ◽  
Vol 224 (9) ◽  
pp. 1795-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M A Silva ◽  
P A R Rosa ◽  
P A F Martins
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Proportional Loading ◽  
Bulk Forming ◽  
Drop Weight ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

The main limitation of mechanical testing equipments is nowadays centred in the characterization of materials at medium loading rates. This is particularly important in bulk forming because strain rate can easily reach values within the aforesaid range. The aim of this article is twofold: (a) to present the development of a low-cost, flexible drop weight testing equipment that can easily and effectively replicate the kinematic behaviour of presses and hammers and (b) to provide a new level of understanding about the mechanical characterization of materials for bulk forming at medium rates of loading. Special emphasis is placed on the adequacy of test operating conditions to the functional characteristics of the presses and hammers where bulk forming takes place and to its influence on the flow stress. This is needed because non-proportional loading paths during bulk forming are found to have significant influence on material response in terms of flow stress. The quality of the flow curves that were experimentally determined is evaluated through its implementation in a finite-element computer program and assessment is performed by means of axisymmetric upset compression with friction. Results show that mechanical characterization of materials under test operating conditions that are similar to real bulk forming conditions is capable of meeting the increasing demand of accurate and reliable flow stress data for the benefit of those who apply numerical modelling of process design in daily practice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of structural phase transition by pyroelectric measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C60-C60
Author(s):  
Sven Jachalke ◽  
Erik Mehner ◽  
Hartmut Stöcker ◽  
Tilmann Leisegang ◽  
Dirk Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Pyroelectric Coefficient ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computer Controlled

In non-centrosymmetric crystalline matter, marked by the pyroelectric effect, a change in temperature alters the materials spontaneous polarization, which further changes the charge density on the material's surface. This results in a current flow trough an external circuit, which differs drastically at the boundary between two crystallographic phases. Therefore, pyroelectric materials offer a great potential of low-temperature waste heat recovery by utilizing e.g. the Olsen-Cylce to convert residual heat into electric energy. A previous characterization is necessary to determine the operating conditions of the active material. This work presents a method to evaluate temperature depended pyroelectric properties, especially the pyroelectric coefficient p and the phase transition temperture TC, with the help of a computer controlled thermal/electrical stimulation and a simultaneously recording of the electrical response of the material. Here, the analysis with the Sharp-Garn-method [1] separates the pyroelectric from eventually disturbing non-pyroelectric signal, enabling the characterization of p and TC over a broad spectrum of materials, ranging from inorganic single crystals and ceramics to organic polymers.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Test and Characterization Platform for Memristors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Threshold Voltages ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Software And Hardware

The electrical Testing and Characterization of the devices built under research conditions on silicon wafers, diced wafers, or package parts have hampered research since the beginning of integrated circuits. The challenges of performing electrical characterization on devices are to acquire useful and accurate data, the ease of use of the test platform, the portability of the test equipment, the ability to automate quickly, to allow modifications to the platform, the ability to change the configuration of the Device Under Test (DUT) or the Memristor Based Design (MBD), and to do this within budget. The devices that this research is focused on are memristors with unique test challenges. Some of the tests performed on memristors are Voltage sweeps, pulsing of Voltages, and threshold Voltages. Standard methods of testing memristors usually require hands-on experience, multiple bulky work stations, and hours of training. This work reports a novel, low-cost, portable test and characterization platform for many types of memristors with a voltage range from -10V to +10V, which is portable, low-cost, built with off-the-shelf components, and with configurability through software and hardware. To demonstrate the performance of the platform, the platform was able to take a virgin memristor from “forming” to operation voltages, and then incrementally change resistances by Voltage Pulsing. The platform within this work allows the researcher flexibility in electrical characterization by being able to accept many memristor types and MBDs, and applying environmental conditions to the MBD, with this flexibility of the platform the productivity of the researcher will increase.

scholarly journals A New Low Cost Current Measurement Circuit with Temperature Compensation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos da Costa Telles ◽  
Jair Lins de Emeri ◽  
Saulo Finco ◽  
Luis Eduardo Seixas
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Current Gain ◽  
Bipolar Junction Transistors ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf

The electrical characterization of semiconductors devices, when submitted to ionizing radiation should be done in a large range of currents; however, the instrumentation with this ability is very expensive. This work proposes a low-cost circuit using commercial off-the-shelf components (COTS) that enables the measurement of electrical currents in the order of pA range. The circuit presents an output current that is an amplified version of the current to be measured, using the exponential relationship between currents and voltages in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) when operating in the weak inversion region. Furthermore, a block was introduced in order to compensate the gain’s temperature dependence. The results showed that the operating range for the current that will be measured was more than seven decades using BJTs and five decades by using MOSFETs with a high linearity. The circuit version using MOSFETs was able to measure currents as low as 100 fA. The current gain has also good linearity for over five decades. This circuit has a stable behavior for the range of 20 °C to 40 °C, because of the temperature compensation block.

A compact low-cost test equipment for thermal and electrical characterization of integrated circuits

Measurement ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cabrini ◽  
Laura Gobbi ◽  
Davide Baderna ◽  
Guido Torelli
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Test Equipment
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