scholarly journals Influence of Breast Implant Surface Finishing on Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties before and after Extreme Degradation Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Izabelle de Mello Gindri ◽  
Lucas Kuth de Azambuja ◽  
Michele da Silva Barreto ◽  
Dionatha José do Prado ◽  
Gean Vitor Salmoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Breast Implants ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Local Erosion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Degradation Studies ◽  
Weight Structures

The influence of the surface finishing of breast implants on physicochemical and mechanical properties, before and after extreme degradation experiments, was investigated in this study. Removal of superficial layers after degradation was verified for both smooth and rough membranes, in which local erosion was verified. FTIR results demonstrated the generation of low-molecular-weight structures in all samples due to exposure to acidic and basic environments. Furthermore, smooth samples presented higher degrees of crosslinking than rough samples. Considering the mechanical properties, no difference was verified between smooth and rough samples as received and after degradation studies. However, the pH of the degradation solution had an influence on mechanical properties of the material and a basic environment caused greater deterioration of the mechanical properties compared to acidic conditions.

scholarly journals Establishment and Characterization of Bacterial Infection of Breast Implants in a Murine Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N Walker ◽  
Louis H Poppler ◽  
Chloe L Pinkner ◽  
Scott J Hultgren ◽  
Terence M Myckatyn
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Breast Implants ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Implantation

Abstract Background Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common causes of Gram-positive and Gram-negative breast implant–associated infection. Little is known about how these bacteria infect breast implants as a function of implant surface characteristics and timing of infection. Objectives The aim of this work was to establish a mouse model for studying the impact of various conditions on breast implant infection. Methods Ninety-one mice were implanted with 273 breast implant shells and infected with S. epidermidis or P. aeruginosa. Smooth, microtextured, and macrotextured breast implant shells were implanted in each mouse. Bacterial inoculation occurred during implantation or 1 day later. Implants were retrieved 1 or 7 days later. Explanted breast implant shells were sonicated, cultured, and colony-forming units determined or analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. Results P. aeruginosa could be detected on all device surfaces at 1- and 7- days post infection (dpi), when mice were implanted and infected concurrently or when they were infected 1- day after implantation. However, P. aeruginosa infection was more robust on implant shells retrieved at 7 dpi and particularly on the macrotextured devices that were infected 1 day post implantation. S. epidermidis was mostly cleared from implants when mice were infected and implanted concurrently. Other the other hand, S. epidermidis could be detected on all device surfaces at 1 dpi and 2 days post implantation. However, S. epidermdis infection was suppressed by 7 dpi and 8 days post implantation. Conclusions S. epidermidis required higher inoculating doses to cause infection and was cleared within 7 days. P. aeruginosa infected at lower inoculating doses, with robust biofilms noted 7 days later.

scholarly journals Device-Specific Findings of Imprinted-Texture Breast Implants: Characteristics, Risks, and Benefits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger N Wixtrom ◽  
Vikram Garadi ◽  
John Leopold ◽  
John W Canady
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Capsular Contracture ◽  
Breast Implants ◽  
Surface Metrology ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Primary Reconstruction ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Core Study

Abstract Background The relative risks and benefits of various textured breast implants are the focus of considerable discussion. Studies have suggested different risk-benefit profiles for different implant surface topographies. Objectives The study aim was to provide device-specific, quantitative information on Mentor’s imprinted Siltex Textured breast implants with respect to textured surface characteristics and ISO 14607 classification, risk of breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), and risk-reduction benefits relative to smooth implants. Methods Surface metrology was performed. Data for smooth and Siltex implants from the prospective MemoryGel Core Study were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis for the most frequently occurring postoperative complications in augmentation and reconstruction leading to subsequent reoperation. Results The overall average surface roughness for Siltex MemoryGel and MemoryShape implants was 29.5 and 36.1 µm, respectively. A statistically significantly lower rate of reoperation in patients with Siltex compared with smooth devices over 10 years was observed for both capsular contracture in subglandular primary augmentation patients (2.02% vs 19.84%) and for asymmetry in primary reconstruction patients (3.88% vs 11.1%). Conclusions Surface analysis demonstrated that Siltex implants fall within the ISO 14607 category of “microtexture” breast implants. These devices exhibited a rare risk of BIA-ALCL (0.0012%) based on the most extensive data available. Relative to smooth implants, these Siltex devices provided risk-reduction benefits for the most common reason of reoperation in patients who underwent primary augmentation (capsular contracture) or primary reconstruction (asymmetry) in the Core Study. These findings provide valuable risk-benefit information for surgeons and their patients. Level of Evidence: 2

scholarly journals Particulate Debris Released From Breast Implant Surfaces Are Highly Dependent on Implant Type

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadim James Hallab ◽  
Lauryn Samelko ◽  
Dennis Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Total Mass ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Breast Implants ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Particulate Debris

Abstract Background While Breast Implants (BIs) have never been safer, factors such as implant debris may influence complications such as chronic inflammation and illness such as ALCL. Do different types of BIs produce differential particulate debris? Objectives Our objective was to quantify, investigate and characterize the size, amount, and material-type of both loosely bound and adherent surface particles, using five different surface types of commercial BIs. Methods Surface particles from 5 surface types of BIs (n=5/group); Biocell, Microcell, Siltex, Smooth, SmoothSilk, and Traditional-Smooth were: 1) removed by a rinsing procedure and 2) removed using ultrapure-adhesive carbon-tabs. Particles were characterized (ASTM 1877-16) using Scanning-Electron-Microscopy and EDX-chemical analysis. Results Particles rinsed from Biocell, Microcell and Siltex were <1 micron in diameter while SmoothSilk and Traditional-Smooth surfaces had median sizes >1micron (range: 0.4-2.7microns). The total mass of particles rinsed from the surfaces indicated Biocell had >5 fold-more particulate compared to all other implants, and >30 fold-more than SmoothSilk or Traditional-Smooth implants (>100x more for post rinse adhesion analysis). EDX analysis indicated particulate material for Biocell, Microcell and Siltex was silicone (>50%), while particulate from SmoothSilk and Traditional-Smooth implants were predominantly carbon-based polymers, eg, polycarbonate-urethane, consistent with packaging (and were detected on all implant types). Generally, SmoothSilk and Traditional-Smooth implant groups had >10x fewer particles released than Biocell, Microcell and Siltex surfaces. Pilot ex-vivo tissue analysis supported these findings. Conclusions Particulate debris released from BIs are highly dependent on the type of implant surface and is a likely key determinant of in vivo performance.

Surface imaging of breast implants using modern high-frequency ultrasound technology in comparison to high-end sonography with power analyses for B-scan optimization1

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S.T. Diesch ◽  
F. Jung ◽  
L. Prantl ◽  
E.M. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Breast Implants ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Ultrasound Technology ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

AIM: This study aims to evaluate optimized breast implant surface-structure analysis by comparing high-end ultrasound technology with a new high frequency technique. This comparative study used new breast implants with different surfaces in an in vitro setting. METHODS: Nine idle silicon or polyurethane (PU) breast implants were examined by two investigators in an experimental in vitro study using two high-end ultrasound devices with multi-frequency transducers (6–15 MHz, 9–16 MHz, 12.5–33 MHz). The ultrasound B-Mode was optimized using tissue harmonic imaging (THI), speckle reduction imaging (SRI, level 0–5), cross beam (high, medium, low) and photopic. Using a standardized ultrasound protocol, the implants were examined in the middle (point of highest projection) and lateral, by two independent examiners. Image evaluation was performed on anonymized digital images in the PACS. The aim was to achieve an artifact-free recording of the surface structure, the surface coating, the total image structures and, as far as possible, an artifact-free internal representation of the implants. For independent surface evaluation a score was used (0 = undetectability of surface structures, rich in artifacts, 5 = best possible, artifact free image quality). RESULTS: The quality of ultrasound imaging of breast implant surfaces after the optimization of B-Scan differed significantly comparing high-end ultrasound technology with modern high-frequency ultrasound technology (p < 0,05). The following setting has been found to be the best setting with the highest image quality: B-Mode, SRI value 3, Crossbeam high level with color coded imaging for B- mode. In the total examined frequency range of 6–33 MHz, the highest image quality was found in the average frequency range of 12.5–33 MHz at both measured points. For both devices, device 1 (high-end) and device 2 (high frequency) ultrasound, the image quality was in the 12.5–33 MHz frequency range with an average image quality of 3.236. It was significantly higher, than in the lower frequency ranges and the same frequency range with THI. (p < 0,05).   The image quality of the high-end sonography device was superior to the conventional high-frequency ultrasound device in all frequency ranges. CONCLUSION: High-end ultrasound imaging technology was superior in the quality of implant surface evaluation in comparison to high-frequency ultrasound sonography. The gained knowledge can serve as a basis for further multicenter clinical application and studies with the aim to develop an objective, precise tool to evaluate the implant and the surrounding tissue with ultrasound.

scholarly journals Current Progress in Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichen Wang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yufang Tan ◽  
Wenchang Lv ◽  
Chongru Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Breast Implants ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Large Cell Lymphoma

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon type of T-cell lymphoma. Although with a low incidence, the epidemiological data raised the biosafety and health concerns of breast reconstruction and breast augmentation for BIA-ALCL. Emerging evidence confirms that genetic features, bacterial contamination, chronic inflammation, and textured breast implant are the relevant factors leading to the development of BIA-ALCL. Almost all reported cases with a medical history involve breast implants with a textured surface, which reflects the role of implant surface characteristics in BIA-ALCL. With this review, we expect to highlight the most significant features on etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of BIA-ALCL, as well as we review the physical characteristics of breast implants and their potential pathogenic effect and hopefully provide a foundation for optimal choice of type of implant with minimal morbidity.

Sunlight exposure: the effects on the performance of paragliding fabric

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (05) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
MENGÜÇ GAMZE SÜPÜREN ◽  
TEMEL EMRAH ◽  
BOZDOĞAN FARUK
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dark Blue

This study was designed to explore the relationship between sunlight exposure and the mechanical properties of paragliding fabrics which have different colors, densities, yarn counts, and coating materials. This study exposed 5 different colors of paragliding fabrics (red, turquoise, dark blue, orange, and white) to intense sunlight for 150 hours during the summer from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. for 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Before and after the UV radiation aging process, the air permeability, tensile strength, tear strength, and bursting strength tests were performed. Test results were also evaluated using statistical methods. According to the results, the fading of the turquoise fabric was found to be the highest among the studied fabrics. It was determined that there is a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the fabrics after sunlight exposure. After aging, the fabrics become considerably weaker in the case of mechanical properties due to the degradation in both the dyestuff and macromolecular structure of the fiber

scholarly journals Effects of equal channel angular pressing and heat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of selective laser melted and cast AlSi10Mg alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Snopiński ◽  
Mariusz Król ◽  
Marek Pagáč ◽  
Jana Petrů ◽  
Jiří Hajnyš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Low Temperature Annealing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) combined with heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg alloys fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) and gravity casting. Special attention was directed towards determining the effect of post-fabrication heat treatments on the microstructural evolution of AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated using two different routes. Three initial alloy conditions were considered prior to ECAP deformation: (1) as-cast in solution treated (T4) condition, (2) SLM in T4 condition, (3) SLM subjected to low-temperature annealing. Light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction line broadening analysis, and electron backscattered diffraction analysis were used to characterize the microstructures before and after ECAP. The results indicated that SLM followed by low-temperature annealing led to superior mechanical properties, relative to the two other conditions. Microscopic analyses revealed that the partial-cellular structure contributed to strong work hardening. This behavior enhanced the material’s strength because of the enhanced accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations during ECAP deformation.

scholarly journals Fast Preparation of High-Performance Wood Materials Assisted by Ultrasonic and Vacuum Impregnation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Mingyu Gao ◽  
Jinxin Wang ◽  
Hongbo Mu ◽  
Dawei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Ft Ir

In the absence of high-quality hardwood timber resources, we have gradually turned our attention from natural forests to planted fast-growing forests. However, fast-growing tree timber in general has defects such as low wood density, loose texture, and poor mechanical properties. Therefore, improving the performance of wood through efficient and rapid technological processes and increasing the utilization of inferior wood is a good way to extend the use of wood. Densification of wood increases the strength of low-density wood and extends the range of applications for wood and wood-derived products. In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic and vacuum pretreatment on the properties of high-performance wood were explored by combining sonication, vacuum impregnation, chemical softening, and thermomechanical treatments to densify the wood; then, the changes in the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of poplar wood before and after treatment were analyzed comparatively by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and mechanical tests. The results showed that with ultrasonic pretreatment and vacuum impregnation, the compression ratio of high-performance wood reached its highest level and the MOR and MOE reached their maximums. With the help of this method, fast-growing softwoods can be easily prepared into dense wood materials, and it is hoped that this new material can be applied in the fields of construction, aviation, and automobile manufacturing.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Manufactured by SLM

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Popovich ◽  
Vadim Sufiiarov ◽  
Evgenii Borisov ◽  
Igor Polozov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Before And After

The article presents results of a study of phase composition and microstructure of initial material and samples obtained by selective laser melting of titanium-based alloy, as well as samples after heat treatment. The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of specimens was shown. It was studied mechanical behavior of manufactured specimens before and after heat treatment at room and elevated temperatures as well. The heat treatment allows obtaining sufficient mechanical properties of material at room and elevated temperatures such as increase in ductility of material. The fractography of samples showed that they feature ductile fracture with brittle elements.

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