scholarly journals Ownership and Utilisation of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tiko Health District, Southwest Region, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Paulette Ngum Fru ◽  
Frederick Nchang Cho ◽  
Andrew N. Tassang ◽  
Celestina Neh Fru ◽  
Peter Nde Fon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health District ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

Introduction. Malaria is and remains a serious health concern in Africa. In Cameroon, where malaria is endemic and a major public health problem, the major control measure put in place is the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). In the Tiko Health District (THD), the challenges have been to assess and to evaluate the ownership and utilisation of LLINs. This study sought to assess the ownership and utilisation rates of LLINs in the THD. Methodology. A cross-sectional survey involving 418 households was conducted in four health areas in the THD. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on LLIN ownership and utilisation as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Results. The ownership of at least one LLIN per household, coverage, and accessibility were, respectively, 89%, 56.2%, and 66.3%, while installing LLINs on all beds in the household, sleeping under LLINs the previous night (SULPN), and universal utilisation were 72%, 24.9%, and 14.1%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with the ownership of at least one LLIN per household were respondent’s age and gender. Heat (21.1%) and forgetfulness (6.5%) were the main reasons postulated for irregular utilisation of LLINs. Conclusion. The ownership LLINs failed to guarantee utilisation and definitely effective control of malaria in the THD, as expected. Continuous and appropriate use of LLINs is indispensable, in addition to periodic sanitation, booster campaigns of LLIN distribution, and evaluation research for effective prevention and control of malaria.

scholarly journals Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokhna Thiam ◽  
Guéladio Cissé ◽  
Anna-Sofie Stensgaard ◽  
Aminata Niang-Diène ◽  
Jürg Utzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Varying Coefficients ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases

Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health problem, causing more than half a million child deaths every year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite existing knowledge on the aetiologies and causes of diarrhoeal diseases, relatively little is known about its spatial patterns in LMICs, including Senegal. In the present study, data from a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2016 were analysed to describe the spatial pattern of diarrhoeal prevalence in children under the age of 5 years in the secondary city of Mbour in the south-western part of Senegal. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) models with spatially varying coefficients were employed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, economic and climate parameters on diarrhoeal prevalence. We observed substantial spatial heterogeneities in diarrhoea prevalence. Risk maps, stratified by age group, showed that diarrhoeal prevalence was higher in children aged 25-59 months compared to their younger counterparts with the highest risk observed in the north and south peripheral neighbourhoods, especially in Grand Mbour, Médine, Liberté and Zone Sonatel. The posterior relative risk estimate obtained from the Bayesian CAR model indicated that a unit increase in the proportion of people with untreated stored drinking water was associated with a 29% higher risk of diarrhoea. A unit increase in rainfall was also associated with an increase in diarrhoea risk. Our findings suggest that public health officials should integrate disease mapping and cluster analyses and consider the varying effects of sociodemographic factors in developing and implementing areaspecific interventions for reducing diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Tangail, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
Masuder Rahman ◽  
Sakila Akter ◽  
Fatama Tous Zohora ◽  
Abu Zaffar Shibly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a major public health problem throughout the world. In Bangladesh, the reliable data concerning various aspects of CVD is inadequate at present due to lack of national population-based surveys or central administrative health data. Given the rising incidence of CVDs in Bangladesh, an improved understanding of the CVD, symptoms and risk factors is needed. Hence, this study was performed to assess the level of knowledge towards CVD types, warning symptoms of heart attack or stroke, and CVD risk factors.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018 using standard questionnaire on a sample of 350 randomly selected Bangladeshi individuals. All the data of the study were input in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0 software from IBM for windows and the gathered data thus analyzed using SPSS & Microsoft Excel.Results: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).Conclusions: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).

scholarly journals Patient safety awareness among 309 surgeons in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arinze Duke George Nwosu ◽  
Fidelis Anayo Onyekwulu ◽  
Elias Chikee Aniwada
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Wrong Site Surgery ◽  
Safety Awareness ◽  
Wrong Site

Abstract Background Adverse healthcare events are major public health problem with the heaviest burden in the low and middle-income countries. Patient safety awareness among healthcare professionals is known to impact this outcome; thus we set out to appraise the patient safety awareness among surgeons in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods A multi-institutional cross-sectional survey was carried out among surgeons in Enugu, Nigeria and data obtained were analyzed using the statistical package for scientific solutions (SPSS) version 20 software. Results A total of 309 surgeons were surveyed. Majority of the surgeons (51.9%) had poor perception of patient safety issues. One hundred and twenty respondents (38.8%) have awareness of any institutional protocol for preventing wrong-site surgery while only 35 respondents (11.3%) regularly practiced an institutional protocol for preventing wrong-site surgery. The professional status of the surgeons and years in service showed significant association with perception of patient safety issues. Conclusion The patient safety awareness and practice among the surgeons in Enugu, Nigeria is apparently low and this was found to be influenced by the professional status and years in service of the surgeon.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional survey to assess the risk factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes towards patients with podoconiosis among rural youth in southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 995-1002
Author(s):  
Kibur Engdawork ◽  
Gail Davey ◽  
Desta Ayode ◽  
Colleen M McBride ◽  
Getnet Tadele
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes

Abstract Background Many health conditions are associated with stigma due to beliefs about their causes and the physical changes experienced by patients. Among such conditions are several neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Podoconiosis, classified as an NTD, is a form of lymphoedema caused by the co-influence of genetic and environmental factors. It is a major public health problem in Ethiopia and is associated with intense stigma. Despite this, little is known about the factors contributing to stigmatizing attitudes against patients with the disease. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in southern Ethiopia to analyse the attitudes of rural youth and associated risk factors for stigmatizing attitudes towards patients with podoconiosis, with the aim of informing stigma reduction strategies. Results The survey included 336 randomly selected youth. Of the 177 (52.7%) youth who held more stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with podoconiosis, 105 (59.3%) were females and 171 (96.6%) did not have affected friends. Accurate knowledge about gene–environment influences and rejection of infectious causes of podoconiosis were associated with less stigmatizing attitudes. Conclusions Improving understanding of the gene–environment interaction and dispelling beliefs about infectious causes may reduce negative attitudes about podoconiosis. Affected youth may play an important role as agents of change to spread non-stigmatizing messages.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Lebanese households with children aged 4–18 years: findings from a national cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamis Jomaa ◽  
Farah Naja ◽  
Samer Kharroubi ◽  
Nahla Hwalla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Households With Children

AbstractObjectiveFood insecurity (FI) is a major public health problem in Lebanon, a small middle-income country with the highest refugee per capita concentration worldwide and prolonged political and economic challenges. The present study aimed to measure the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of household FI and to explore the association of household FI with anthropometric measures of children and their mothers.DesignCross-sectional survey (2014–2015).SettingLebanon.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of Lebanese households with 4–18-year-old-children and their mothers (n1204).ResultsFI prevalence (95 % CI), measured using the Arabic-translated, validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, was found to be 49·3 (44·0, 54·6) % in the study sample. Mild, moderate and severe FI were found in 7·0 (5·5, 9·2) %, 23·3 (20·1, 26·8) % and 18·9 (14·9, 23·5) % of households, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that low maternal and paternal education, unemployment and crowding were significant correlates of household FI (P<0·05). No significant associations were observed between FI and anthropometric measures of children and their mothers, after adjusting for other socio-economic correlates. Food-insecure households reported various mechanisms to cope with food shortage, such as reducing the number of meals/d (49·6 %), borrowing food (54·4 %), spending savings (34·5 %) and withdrawing children from schools (8·0 %).ConclusionsFI exists among a remarkable proportion of Lebanese households with children. Correlates of household FI should be considered when designing social welfare policies and public health programmes to promote more sustainable, resilient and healthier livelihoods among vulnerable individuals.

scholarly journals Comparison of Growth in Children of 6 to 59 Months of Age According to Birth Order: Insights from the National Family Health Survey-4

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Dharmaraj ◽  
Ananta Ghimire ◽  
Saravanan Chinnaiyan ◽  
Amrendra Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Rajendra Kumar Barik
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
National Family

Introduction: Undernutrition continues to be a major public health problem throughout the world. Higher birth order of the child contributes to higher chance of being undernutrition. But, the relationship between birth order and undernutrition has not been fully studied and understood, especially in India where the fertility rate was high. Aim: To understand the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition using National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) India. Materials and Methods: A national cross-sectional survey was conducted during January 2015 to December 2016. This study used information from a total weighted sample of 128859 children from India NFHS-4. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to investigate the association of undernutrition with birth order, other child, maternal and socio-economic factors. Three models were constructed for the study, model 1 as univariate, model 2 adjusting with birth order and socio-economic predictors and model 3 adjusting with all the predictors included in the study. Results: Of the 128859 children, median Inter Quartile Range (IQR) age was 26 (16-41) months with female/male ratio was 1:1.2. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was 37.93% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 37.67-38.20), 34.02% (95% CI 33.76-34.28) and 20.70% (95% CI 20.48-20.92), respectively. Model-1, 2 and 3 showed that the child's higher birth order was found to have higher odds of being stunted and underweight compared with first born children. Children with lower wealth quintiles, male, vaginal delivery had higher odds of being stunted, wasted and underweight in the model-3 adjusted analysis. Conclusion: This study indicates that higher birth order was a significant predictor of a child being stunted and underweight, as it is significant in all three models. However, further longitudinal studies are required to establish a cause-effect relationship between birth order and undernutrition and future interventions to prevent undernutrition should consider birth order as an important factor.

scholarly journals Labor and Related Injuries among Schoolchildren in Palestine: Findings from the National Study of Palestinian Schoolchildren (HBSC-WBG2006)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Jildeh ◽  
Ziad Abdeen ◽  
Haleama Al Sabbah ◽  
Christopher Papandreou ◽  
Ibrahim Ghannam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
National Study ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related

Background. Labor related injuries among Palestinian schoolchildren are a significant undocumented public health concern. This study aimed at documenting the prevalence and nature of work related injuries among schoolchildren as well as identifying sociodemographic factors that predict these injuries. Methods. A cross-sectional survey included 15,963 children of whom 6458 (40.8%) completed an optional package related to labor. Students aged 12–18 years self-completed the international WHO collaborative HBSC valid questionnaires between April and May of 2006. Results. Approximately 73.8% of the students who filled the optional package reported working during the last 12 months, of whom 79.1% sustained a work related injury. Work injuries were significantly higher among boys, younger children, and children enrolled in UNRWA schools and living in Gaza Strip P<0.05. Children working ≥3 hours/day were more likely to experience injuries, 1.73 (95% CI, 1.53–1.95), than those working ≤3/day. About half of the children worked in retail trade (51.5%), agriculture (20.0%), and cleaning (11.4%). Injury type was related to the type of work performed. Conclusions. The high prevalence of injuries among working Palestinian schoolchildren confirms its severity as a public health problem. To reduce occupational injuries, policymakers and professionals should develop intervention programs that target the public and health providers.

scholarly journals Survey of the Knowledge and Use of Antibiotics among Medical and Veterinary Health Professionals and Students in Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2753
Author(s):  
Ana Marta-Costa ◽  
Carla Miranda ◽  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Adriana Silva ◽  
Ângela Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent and complex problem worldwide, exacerbated by the frequently inappropriate use of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to survey the levels of knowledge and awareness about antibiotic use and stewardship, among human and veterinary health professionals or students in Portugal, and the associations between antibiotic knowledge factors and socio-professional groups. In cross-sectional survey design, a total of 449 online structured questionnaires were completed in 2018–2019. The statistical analysis was performed dividing the respondents into four groups, A (undergraduate students), B (PhD students and researchers), C (lecturers), and D (technicians and other occupation). Among all respondents, 17% (n = 75) revealed some gap in knowledge about antibiotic resistance and the antibiotics that should be administered for different infection types (bacterial, viral, or fungal). Of the 159 pet owners among the respondents, only half had administered antibiotics to their animal and 64% (n = 102) knew that veterinary prescription is mandatory when administering antibiotics to animals. All groups statistically agreed that the AMR is a major public health problem and the antibiotics should be administrated for bacterial infections and used until the whole pack has been finished (p = 0.00). As expected, only groups B and C demonstrated a higher level of knowledge to recognize the antibiotic name and their active ingredient than undergraduate students (p = 0.00). About the antibiotic use on pets, only group B was statistically significant to no used antibiotics on their pets (p = 0.00). However, groups A, C, and D were statistically significant for the knowledge about the mandatory veterinarian prescription and groups C and D were significantly statistics for fully aware of the transmission of bacteria between animals and humans. In conclusion, in matters related to AMR, the behavior, education, and training of the general public and health professionals, including those who prescribe antibiotics for humans and animals, need to be improved.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Misconceptions about Malaria among Pregnant Women in a Post-Conflict Internally Displaced Persons' Camps in Gulu District, Northern Uganda

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Obol ◽  
Kitara David Lagoro ◽  
Orach Christopher Garimoi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Gulu District

Background. In Uganda Malaria continues to be a major public health problem accounting for about 30–50% of all outpatient consultations and 35% of hospital admissions and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Pregnant women and their unborn children are vulnerable to malaria. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 20 postconflict IDP camps of Gulu district selected randomly as clusters. 769 pregnant women were interviewed. Results. The majority of the respondents 85% have ever heard about malaria. Most (80%) 571 respondent attributed malaria to be transmitted by mosquito bites, 15 said cold weather, 53 said dirt, and 35 said not sleeping under net. Most (91%) 683 respondents mentioned that malaria was caused by mosquito, 28 mentioned cold food, 3 mentioned playing in the rain, 19 mentioned cold weather, and 6 mentioned eating mangos. Conclusion. Most pregnant women in the post conflict IDP camps have relatively high knowledge about malaria transmission, signs, symptoms, and consequences during pregnancy. However, majority of respondents had misconception about the cause of malaria while a few had misconception about the mode of malaria transmission.

scholarly journals Period prevalence, risk factors and consequent injuries of falling among the Saudi elderly living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e019063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Yousef Almegbel ◽  
Ibrahim Muthyib Alotaibi ◽  
Faisal Ahmed Alhusain ◽  
Emad M Masuadi ◽  
Salma Lafyan Al Sulami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Old People ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Period Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesApproximately 28% to 35% of people aged 65 and over fall each year. The consequent injuries of falls are considered a major public health problem. Falls account for more than half of injury-related hospitalisations among old people. The aim of this study was to measure a 1-year period prevalence of falling among old people in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In addition, this study described the most common risk factors and consequent injuries of falls.Setting and participantsA cross-sectional survey was carried out in Riyadh, using a convenient sampling. The targeted population were Saudi citizens who were 60 years or above. Over a 6-month period, 1182 individuals were sampled (545 men and 637 women).ResultsThe 1-year prevalence of falling among old Saudis (>=60 years) was 49.9%. Our results show that 74% of the participants who experienced falls had postfall injuries. Old participants who were uneducated and those with middle school certification were associated with falls (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.72; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.56, aOR 1.81; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.85, respectively). Those who live in rented houses had a higher risk of falls. Interestingly, having a caregiver was significantly associated with more falls (aOR 1.39; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.79). However, not using any medications was significantly related to fewer falls. In addition, old individuals using walking aids were more likely to fall than those who did not. Participants who mentioned ‘not having stressors were associated with less frequent falls (aOR 0.62; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.97). Cerebrovascular accidents were strongly associated with falls with an estimated OR of 2.75 (95% CI 1.18 to 6.43). Moreover, osteoporosis, poor vision and back pain were found to be predictors for falls among the elderly.Conclusion49.9% of elderly Saudis had experienced one or more falls during a 12-month period. Several preventable risk factors could be addressed by routine geriatric assessment. Research on the impact of these risk factors is needed.

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