scholarly journals Risk Factors for Chikungunya Virus Outbreak in Somali Region of Ethiopia, 2019: Unmatched Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mikias Alayu ◽  
Tesfalem Teshome ◽  
Hiwot Amare ◽  
Solomon Kinde ◽  
Desalegn Belay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Family ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Full Body

Background. Chikungunya virus is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus transmitted by a mosquito bite. Chikungunya virus outbreaks are characterized by rapid spread, and the disease manifests as acute fever. This study aimed at determining risk factors for chikungunya virus outbreak to apply appropriate prevention and control measures. Methods. Unmatched case-control study was performed to identify risk factors of chikungunya outbreak in Somali region of Ethiopia in 2019. Cases and controls were enrolled with 1 : 2 ratio. All cases during the study period (74 cases) and 148 controls were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were implemented. The serum samples were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction at Ethiopian Public Health Institute Laboratory. Results. A total of 74 chikungunya fever cases were reported starting from 19th May 2019 to 8th June 2019. Not using bed net at daytime sleeping (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 20.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4–66.7), presence of open water holding container (AOR: 4.0; CI: 1.2–3.5), presence of larvae in water holding container (AOR: 4.8; CI: 1.4–16.8), ill person with similar signs and symptoms in the family or neighbors (AOR: 27.9; CI: 6.5–120.4), and not wearing full body cover clothes (AOR: 8.1; CI: 2.2–30.1) were significant risk factors. Conclusion. Not using bed net at daytime sleeping, presence of open water holding container, presence of larvae in water holding container, ill person with similar signs and symptoms in the family or neighbors, and not wearing full body cover clothes are risk factors for chikungunya virus outbreak.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Chikungunya Outbreak in Kebridhar City, Somali Ethiopia, 2019. Unmatched Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikias Alayu ◽  
Tesfalem Teshome ◽  
Hiwot Amare ◽  
Solomon Kinde ◽  
Desalegn Belay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
P Value ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Full Body

AbstractBackgroundChikungunya Virus is a Ribose Nucleic Acid (RNA) virus transmitted by a mosquito bite. Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus are responsible vectors for Chikungunya Virus transmission. CHIKV outbreaks are characterized by rapid spread and infection rates as high as 75%. A combination of health system efforts and healthy behavior practices by the community is essential for effective control.MethodsUnmatched case control study was done to identify risk factors of this outbreak. One case to two controls ratios was calculated. All cases during the study period (74 cases) and 148 controls were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariable analysis were implemented. Serum samples were tested by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction at Ethiopian Public Health Institute laboratory.ResultsA total of 74 chikungunya fever cases were reported starting from 19th May 2019 to 8th June 2019. Not using bed net at day time sleeping (P- value < 0.001, AOR 20.8, 95CI 6.4 – 66.7), presence of open water holding container (P- value 0.023, AOR 4, 95CI 1.2 – 13.5), presence of larvae in water holding container (P- value 0.015, AOR 4.8, 95CI 1.4 – 16.8), ill person with similar sign and symptoms in the family or neighbors (P- value <0.001, AOR 27.9, 95CI 6.5 – 120.4) and wearing not full body cover clothes (P- value 0.002, AOR 8.1, 95CI 2.2 – 30.1) were significant risk factors.ConclusionUsing bed nets at day time sleeping, cover the water holding containers, wearing full body cover cloths are protective factors.

scholarly journals The assessment of risk factors for the Central/East African Genotype of chikungunya virus infections in the state of Kelantan: a case control study in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff ◽  
Amal Nasir Mustafa ◽  
Hani Mat Husaain ◽  
Wan Mansor Hamzah ◽  
Apandi Mohd Yusof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
East African ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Risk factors for the occurrence of undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type: A case-control study

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nesic ◽  
Sandra Sipetic ◽  
Hristina Vlajinac ◽  
Svetlana Stosic-Divjak ◽  
Snezana Jesic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Case Control ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
The Family ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Control Study

Introduction. The incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Serbia is less than one per 100,000 citizens, which classifies it as a region with low incidence for this disease. Objective. The aim of this study was to test some hypotheses of the risk factors for undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type (UCNT) in the low incidence population. Methods. A case-control study was used for the research. The study included 45 cases with histopathological diagnosis of UCNT and 90 controls. Cases and the controls were individually matched by sex, age (?3 years), and place of residence (city-village). Data were gathered about sociodemographic characteristics, occupational exposure to harmful agents, habits, diet, personal history, and family history. In the analysis of the data, conditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied. Results. According to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis UCNT was significantly positively associated with 'passive smoking' of tobacco in the family during childhood, frequent consumption of industrially manufactured food additives for enhancing flavour and frequent consumption of white bread. UCNT was significantly negatively associated with frequent consumption of margarine, olive oil and cornbread. Conclusion. In our low incidence population, an independent risk factor for the occurrence of UCNT was 'passive smoking' of tobacco in the family during childhood, use of industrially manufactured food with additives for enhancing flavour and consumption of white bread. Multicentric study enrolling a greater number of cases would be desirable.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Suicide and Para Suicide in Rural Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Selim Reza ◽  
A H M Feroz ◽  
SM Nurul Islam ◽  
Md. Nazmul Karim ◽  
Md. Golam Rabbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Suicidal Attempt ◽  
The Family ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Suicide is a public health problem too often neglected by researchers, health policy makers and the medical profession. In the year 2000, approximately one million people died of suicide which represents a global mortality rate of 16 per 100,000. According to WHO estimates for the year 2020 and based on current trends approximately 1.53 million people will die from suicide and 10-20 times more people will attempt suicide worldwide. This represents on average 1 death per 20 seconds and 1 attempt every 1-2 seconds. No nationwide survey on suicidal risk factors has yet been conducted in Bangladesh. Reports from police records, Media, court, hospitals and the focused study on selected population indicate that suicide is a public health problem in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to unearth the potential risk factors of suicide or suicidal attempts and to assess psychiatric illness, non psychiatric co-morbidity, individual’s behavioral and physical factor, familial risk factors and socio-demographic risk factors of suicide and its attempts. Study Design and Setting: A case control study was carried out by members of the Department of Medicine, Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College and Hospital at Mominpur,Haowlee and Jibonnagar unions under three Upazilla of district Chuadanga,. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16. Results: A total 230 subjects (113 cases and 117 controls) were interviewed. Mean age among cases was 29.6±12.8 years and controls were 29.7±12.9 years.Majority of the participants, 65.5% of cases and 63.2% of controls were aged between 20-39 years. Among cases 38.9% were male and among the controls 42.7% were male.Among cases 30.1% and among controls 27.4% had less than 4 family members. More than half of the participants, among cases (58.4%) and among controls (55.6%) had between 4- 6 members in the family. Economic status was also similar in two groups.Problem of love affair (OR 5.2), Personal problem (OR 11.9), Feeling of economic hardship (OR 2.4) appeared to have statistically significant association with suicidal attempt. Problem with relatives (OR 3.8), death of near relative (OR 0.9) and poor academic performance (OR 1.6) didn’t appear to have any association with risk of suicidal attempt. History of chronic disease (OR 2.9) showed statistically significant association but long term physical disability (OR 4.4) and physical problems didn’t appear to have any significant association with suicidal attempt. History of suicidal attempt by any relative (OR 4.2) and previous attempt to suicide (OR 7.4) appeared as highly significant factor for suicide. Not being reared by biological parents (OR 3.2), marital disharmony (OR 4.0), Conflict within the family (OR 6.9) appeared to be strongly associated with suicidal attempts. Suicidal attempts of participants were significantly associated with sleeping disturbance (OR 2.3), uncertainty about future (7.2), impulsivity (OR 13.8), and history of criminal behavior (OR 2.1). Conclusion: Case control study on the risk factors of suicide in rural area of South-West Bangladesh revealed that the married female especially the younger age from unitary family of low income group are more vulnerable to commit suicide or parasuicide. Several emotional factors, presence of chronic diseases, familial suicidal predisposition, individual factor and mental state, premorbid persionality and psychiatric syndrome appeared to have significant association with suicidal attempts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i2.19653 J Medicine 2013, 14(2): 123-129

Risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma: A case-control study

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A442-A442
Author(s):  
B AVIDAN ◽  
A SONNENBERG ◽  
T SCHNELL ◽  
G CHEJFEC ◽  
A METZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOLOPROSENCEPHALY: A MANITOBA-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vaz ◽  
B Chodirker ◽  
J Seabrook ◽  
C Prasad ◽  
A Chudley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study
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