scholarly journals Cystic Echinococcosis/Hydatid Cyst Coinfection with HIV: A Report from Shiraz, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yosef Sharifi ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi ◽  
Hamed Nikoupour Dailami ◽  
Seyed Hamed Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Anbardar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Laboratory Report ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

HIV coinfected with other parasitic diseases may cause a serious problem for the patients. A few case reports describing echinococcosis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been reported in the world; however, it has not been reported in Iran, so far. Here, the first case of liver hydatid cyst coinfected with HIV in Iran is reported. The patient is a 46-year-old female HIV-positive based on the laboratory report. Her clinical symptoms included abdominal pain, abdominal enlargement, and anorexia. Ultrasound showed three large hepatic hydatid cysts with hundreds of daughter cysts. Ultrasonography of the cyst revealed it as a CE2 stage according to the WHO classification. The patient went under complete anesthesia followed by complete cyst removal by surgery. Observation of the hydatid cyst fluid using eosin 0.1% revealed more than 70% viable protoscoleces. Histopathology examination, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and viable protoscoleces confirmed the diagnosis of echinococcosis. The IgG ELISA test with native AgB for E. granulosus infection was also positive. mtDNA amplification using PCR and sequencing showed the cyst as E. granulosus sensu stricto genotype. Our observations show that huge, large, and high-pressure cysts with hundreds of daughter cysts are difficult to be completely removed, and drug treatment has not been able to reduce their size. Therefore, in HIV coinfection with hydatid cyst, surgery is preferable to other treatments.

scholarly journals Blunt external laryngeal trauma: Two case reports

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 489-492
Author(s):  
Slobodan Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Valve Mechanism ◽  
Laryngeal Trauma ◽  
First Case

Introduction. External laryngeal trauma, blunt or penetrating, is rare but potentially life-threatening. Most frequently it occurs in motor vehicle accidents. The most common symptoms of external laryngeal injuries are: dysphagia, odynophagia, dysphonia, odynophonia, reduction of the laryngeal prominence, hemoptysis and neck crepitation. Two case reports. This paper reviews two cases of blunt laryngeal injury caused by a direct blow to the neck. After admission, both patients underwent clinical examination, as well as radiography of the neck, and computer tomography of the neck and larynx. GIRBAS scale was used for voice analysis. In the first case, computer tomography showed a fracture of the right thyroid cartilage in the posterior lamina where it is attached to the upper horn. In the other case, the presence of air was confirmed by radiography of the upper aperture. Computerized tomography showed the presence of air in the neck, underneath the skin, which was probably the consequence of the larygeal valve mechanism trauma. Both patients were treated conservatively. Discussion and Conclusion. The symptomatology of external larygeal trauma may include: hoarseness, swallowing difficulties and/or painful swallowing, painful phonation, neck pain, bloody sputum and breathing difficulties. The clinical symptoms of blunt laryngeal trauma may be hidden and non-specific, but also clear, indicating a larynx trauma, and vice versa. Quick diagnosis using computerized tomography, hospitalization and adequate therapy, can reduce the consequences of these injuries and increase the chances for a complete recovery of larygeal musculature and function. .

scholarly journals Presentation of Branchial Cleft Anomalies: Case Reports and Review of Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apar Pokharel ◽  
TS Rao ◽  
Bikash Pandey ◽  
Chhanya Bhandary ◽  
Prashant Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Operative Outcomes ◽  
First Case ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Branchial Fistula ◽  
Lateral Neck Swelling

Type 2 branchial cleft anomalies are the most common cause of lateral neck swelling. We report two cases of type 2 branchial cleft anomalies. The first case is branchial cleft cyst and the second one is branchial fistula. Both cases were managed surgically. The post operative outcomes were uneventful. Second branchial cleft anomalies are the most common branchial anomalies. Branchial cysts are more common than sinuses and branchial fistulae are extremely rare. There is no gender predilection. The location, clinical symptoms and imaging findings aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment.Keywords: branchial cleft; branchial cyst; branchial fistula.

scholarly journals Ocular manifestations of leishmaniasis in a cat: first case report from Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1514-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madruga ◽  
A.P. Ribeiro ◽  
T. Ruiz ◽  
V.R.F. Sousa ◽  
C.G. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
First Case ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Topical Medications

ABSTRACT An 8-year-old domestic short hair female cat initially presented with bilateral uveitis with pseudotumoral appearance. The patient tested negative for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and Toxoplasma gondii. Histopathology of a granulomatous lesion on the upper left conjunctiva revealed amastigotes compatible with Leishmania spp. Aqueous humor was aspired and the diagnosis was confirmed after isolation of promastigotes cultivated in biphasic NNN medium and by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Leishmania infantum. Treatment with allopurinol (10mg/kg/ BID/PO) was commenced and a natural insect repellent was prescribed. Six months of treatment with allopurinol associated with the initial topical medications helped to improve ocular signs. Leishmaniasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats presenting uveitis with pseudotumoral appearance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of feline leishmaniasis with ocular manifestation in Brazil, in which diagnosis was confirmed by aqueous humor analysis.

scholarly journals Development of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays allowing molecular detection ofEchinococcus felidis, Echinococcus granulosussensu stricto, andEchinococcus canadensisin carnivore feces samples, animal and human hydatid cyst material from Uganda and Kenya

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
High Resolution Melt ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Assays

AbstractFirst evaluations on field samples, including carnivore feces, animal and human hydatid cyst material from Uganda and Kenya, showed specific amplification of two target regions of the mitochondrial genome ofEchinococcusspecies according to melt and high-resolution melt curve analyses of the developed real-time PCR assays. Consecutive sequencing of PCR products revealed that, apart fromEchinococcus felidis, sequences of two other tapeworm species,Echinococcus granulosussensu stricto andEchinococcus canadensis, which are also endemic in East Africa, were detected by the developed real-time PCR assays.

scholarly journals Identification of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in sheep farms in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuandi yu ◽  
Suhui Zhang ◽  
Guoyang Xu ◽  
Dengfeng Xu ◽  
Hua Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Abstract Background Paratuberculosis, is a widespread chronic infection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), causes significant economic losses to the sheep industry. The current study investigated this disease, which causes diarrhea in sheep, particularly, in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, histopathological inspection, and serological and molecular methods. Results Paratuberculosis was confirmed via a polymerase chain reaction using DNA extracted from tissue and fecal samples. Serum samples from 472 individual sheep were obtained to detect antibodies against MAP by ELISA test and MAP antibodies were separately detected in 17.86% (35/196) and 18.48% (51/276) of sheep herds at 6 months and 1 years of age respectively. The results of tissue lesion and pathological section were consistent with paratuberculosis infection. Conclusions This is the first report of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis seroprevalence in Bayannaoer sheep in Inner Mongolia. Our findings show that MAP was prevalent and potentially threaten in this region and more further investigations on long-term epidemiological

scholarly journals Vaping-associated lung injury case report: A community hospital’s perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Rachel Elizabeth Herr ◽  
Christopher R. Wing ◽  
Walter C. Rustmann
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Caucasian Male ◽  
First Case ◽  
Clinical Awareness ◽  
Effective Treatments

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) aerosolize cannabis oils, nicotine, and other chemicals by heating alcohols and flavorants in order to produce a vapor for inhalation. With the rise in popularity of these devices, there is a rapidly growing number of life-threatening electronic-cigarettes, or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) cases throughout the country. Among the EVALI cases, similarities of presentation, symptoms, respiratory complications, and effective treatments have been reported, but the pathologic mechanisms of injury seem to vary by case. We report a series of two patients presenting with clinical symptoms and imaging findings consistent with vaping-associated lung injury in the setting of heavy nicotine and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vaping. The first case is a 19-year-old Caucasian male admitted to the hospital with dyspnea, nausea, emesis, weight loss, and early signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The second case is a 24-year-old Caucasian male who presented to the emergency room with a productive cough, fever, myalgias, and tachycardia. Both patients were initially treated as typical cases of community-acquired pneumonia without clinical improvement. After being discharged, the patient from case 2 was readmitted with new onset emesis and worsening dyspnea. Utilizing extensive laboratory testing, chest imaging, bronchoscopy, and lung biopsy, we established a diagnosis of EVALI in both cases. Both patients did well after appropriate treatment with intravenous steroids and empiric antibiotics. Despite the similarities among clinical presentations, discrepancies in the literature exist regarding the clinical outcomes and pathophysiology of EVALI. These case-by-case variations may result from differences in time to diagnosis, temporal factors in amount and timing of vape use, and the chemical composition of the products vaped. Our case reports highlight the increasing need for clinical awareness of EVALI, improved diagnostic tools for a timely diagnosis, and effective treatments of this potentially fatal respiratory illness.

scholarly journals Case Report: Atypical Presentation of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Two Cases from Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezika Mohammed ◽  
Helina Fikre ◽  
Tigist Mekonnen ◽  
Bewketu Abebe ◽  
Arega Yeshanew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
First Case ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the Leishmania donovani complex. Atypical cases of leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection have been documented in case reports, mostly associated with gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and skin involvement. We report two VL cases with atypical localizations not reported from east Africa before, both diagnosed and treated at the Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center, Gondar, Ethiopia. The first case was an HIV-infected patient with scrotal and penile involvement. Leishmania parasites were detected in the spleen and the scrotum. The second case was an immunocompetent individual with esophageal, laryngeal, and pharyngeal involvement and facial lesions. Leishmania parasites were detected in the spleen, skin, and esophageal biopsies. Current evidence suggests atypical presentation can occur in patients irrespective of their HIV status. Therefore; we suggest a high index of suspicion for VL among clinicians working in endemic areas of Ethiopia.

Placental Transfer of Theophylline: Two Case Reports

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-846
Author(s):  
Larry L. Arwood ◽  
Joseph F. Dasta ◽  
Chad Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Theophylline ◽  
First Case ◽  
Deep Compartment ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Serial Serum ◽  
Pharmacologic Actions

The placental transfer of xanthine compounds such as caffeine and theophylline has only recently been recognized. By measuring serum theophylline concentrations in two mothers and their neonates at delivery, we have attempted to determine the extent and significance of placental theophylline transfer to the fetus. At delivery, the two maternal serum theophylline concentrations were 13 µg/ml and 11 µg/ml, and cord serum contained 12 µg/ ml and 11 µg/ml of theophylline, respectively. In our first case, the neonatal theophylline concentration at delivery was not reported, but a concentration of 13 µg/ml was obtained six hours after delivery. In the second case, the neonatal serum contained 14 µg/ml of theophylline at delivery, 3 µg/ml higher than the cord or maternal serum concentration. It is possible that the fetus behaves as a pharmacokinetically "deep" compartment with slower drug elimination relative to maternal excretion. Serial serum theophylline concentrations in the neonates were determined at 6, 18, 30, and 40 hours after delivery. For the first 18 hours of life, both neonates' serum contained theophylline within or very close to the therapeutic range (10 to 20 µg/ml) in adults and children. Both neonates reported on in this article had minor clinical symptoms that may have been related to the theophylline present in their serum. Neonates of mothers receiving theophylline products should be monitored for the pharmacologic actions of theophylline.

scholarly journals Mucormycosis-induced upper gastrointestinal ulcer perforation in immunocompetent patients: a report of two cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Huang ◽  
Lang Xie ◽  
Zheng Zheng ◽  
Hanhui Yu ◽  
Lingjing Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
First Case

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal mucormycosis (GIM) is a rare, opportunistic fungal infection with poor prognosis. Clinically, it is difficult to diagnose GIM owing to its nonspecific clinical symptoms and poor suspicion. The estimated incidence of GIM is inaccurate, and most cases are diagnosed accidentally during surgery or upon postmortem examination. GIM usually occurs in patients with immune deficiencies or diabetes. Here, we report two cases of immunocompetent young patients with GIM who had good prognosis after treatment. Compared to other case reports on GIM, our cases had unusual infection sites and no obvious predisposing factors, which make it important to highlight these cases. Case presentation The first case was that of a 16-year-old immunocompetent boy who was admitted with gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation due to a gastric ulcer. Strategies used to arrest bleeding during emergency gastroscopy were unsuccessful. An adhesive mass was then discovered through laparoscopy. The patient underwent type II gastric resection. Pathological examination of the mass revealed bacterial infection and GIM. The second case was of a 33-year-old immunocompetent woman with a recent history of a lower leg sprain. The patient subsequently became critically ill and required ventilatory support. After hemodynamic stabilization and extubation, she presented with hematemesis due to exfoliation and necrosis of the stomach wall. The patient underwent total gastrectomy plus jejunostomy. The pathology results revealed severe bacterial infection and fungal infection that was confirmed as GIM. The patient fully recovered after receiving anti-infective and antifungal treatments. Conclusions Neither patient was immunosuppressed, and both patients presented with gastrointestinal bleeding. GIM was confirmed via pathological examination. GIM is not limited to immunocompromised patients, and its diagnosis mainly relies on pathological examination. Early diagnosis, timely surgical treatment, and early administration of systemic drug treatment are fundamental to improving its prognosis.

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