scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associate Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Lao PDR: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey

Anemia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sengtavanh Keokenchanh ◽  
Sengchanh Kounnavong ◽  
Akiko Tokinobu ◽  
Kaoru Midorikawa ◽  
Wakaha Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Sanitation Facility ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Introduction. Anemia continues to be a major public health problem significant among women of reproductive age (WRA) in developing countries, including Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), where the prevalence of anemia among women remains high. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among WRA 15–49 years in Lao PDR. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study, using the Lao Social Indicator Survey II, 2017 dataset. A total of 12,519 WRA tested for anemia were included in this study, through multistage sampling approaches. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors of anemia. Results. Of 12,519 women, 4,907 (39.2%) were anemic. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that living in central provinces (aOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.96–2.38), rural area (aOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.00–1.20), large family size with more than 6 persons (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.29), pregnancy (aOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.22–1.74), having any adverse pregnancy outcomes (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03–1.25), poor drinking water (aOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10–1.39), and poor sanitation facility (aOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03–1.28) were significantly associated with an increased risk of anemia. Conversely, four factors were associated with anemia preventively, including being aged 25–34 years (aOR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74–0.90), postsecondary education (aOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60–0.97), Hmong-Mien ethnicity (aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39–0.59), and watching television almost daily (aOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75–0.95). Conclusion. Anemia continues to be a major public health challenge in Lao PDR. Interventions should be considered on geographic variations, improving safe water and sanitation facility, promoting of iron supplements during pregnancy, and health education through mass media for women in rural areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Demba Gofa Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Befikaduwa Zekarias ◽  
Frehiwot Mesfin ◽  
Bezatu Mengiste ◽  
Adane Tesfaye ◽  
Lemma Getacher
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background. Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in Ethiopia that is more common in women of reproductive age. However, it is not well addressed and there is a lack of information on its prevalence and associated factors in women of reproductive age group. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess goiter prevalence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the Demba Gofa woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was used among 584 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group from February 05 to April 20, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study kebeles, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire, and the goiter examination was done clinically for each participant. The collected data were coded and entered into a computer for statistical analysis using EpiData version 3.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with a P value ≤0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis, and finally, variables with a P value <0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were considered significantly associated with the dependent variable. Results. The total goiter rate was 43%, 95% CI = 39.2–46.9. Cassava consumption (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.03–4), salt wash before use (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.1–11.3), salt use after >2 months of purchase (AOR: 11, 95% CI: 5–26), family history of goiter (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.4–15.8), and poor knowledge of iodized salt (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.5) were significant factors associated with goiter. Conclusion. Iodine deficiency was found to be severe in women of reproductive age in the study area. This showed that women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy, are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects at delivery. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine, improved access to foods rich in iodine, and intake of iodized salt. Additionally, health education should focus on the importance of iodized salt, the proper method of use, and the prevention of iodine deficiency, which are highly recommended to minimize the problem.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Secondary School Adolescent Girls in Jimma Town, Oromia Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia

Anemia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kelemu Fentie ◽  
Tolassa Wakayo ◽  
Getu Gizaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Jimma Town ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background. Anemia defined as a low blood hemoglobin concentration is public health importance. The adolescence age group is the most neglected in public health and nutrition research as priorities are usually given to pregnant women, lactating mothers, and their children less than 2 years. Current Ethiopian Food and Nutrition policy included adolescent girls in the most at-risk group for nutritional demands; however, only a few published studies have assessed a deficiency of anemia and associated factors to tackle the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Objective. To assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among high school adolescent girls in Jimma town. Methods. Data were collected from 528 secondary school adolescent girls by a school-based cross-sectional study design in Jimma town from 1/1/2019 to 1/2/2019, southwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A portable battery-operated HemoCue Hb 301+ analyzer was used to measure the hemoglobin level, and then reading was classified as normal Hb ≥ 12 g\dl and anemic if the hemoglobin value <12 g/dl based on the WHO 2011 recommended cutoff points after adjustments to altitude was made. Bivariate analysis at p value ≤0.25 was considered as a candidate for multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was done to control for confounders and to identify factors independently associated with anemia. Level of statistical significance was declared at p<0.05. Results. A total of 528 adolescent girls were included in the study yielding a response rate of 95.8%. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 26.7%, 95% CI (22.7, 30.50). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, those living separately from their family (AOR = 4.430, 95% CI (2.20, 8.90)), low dietary diversity score (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI (1.88, 6.75)), menstrual bleeding more than 5 days (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI (1.17, 4.33)), and low economic status (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI (1.17, 4.33)) were positively associated factors with anemia and only having at least a secondary school in mother’s educational status AOR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.18, 0.97) was negatively associated with anemia in the study area. Conclusion. Prevalence of anemia among school adolescent girls was moderate public health importance according to the World Health Organization prevalence estimation of anemia. The living condition of the adolescent girls, dietary diversity score, duration of menses, and low economic status were positive predictor variables, whereas mothers who are being secondary school and above was a protective factor for anemia. Therefore, iron-rich and diversified food consumption should be given attention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia Among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Haryana, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 699-699
Author(s):  
Lorraine Yeung ◽  
Mona Duggal ◽  
Reena Das ◽  
Jorge Rosenthal ◽  
Swati Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Objectives Anemia is a public health problem in women of reproductive age in many low- and medium-income countries including India. Maternal anemia can cause low birth weight, impaired fetal growth, and preterm birth. We assessed the baseline prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and inflammation using c-reactive protein (CRP) among non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age living in the Ambala District, Haryana, India prior to the start of a wheat flour fortification program. Methods We conducted a multistage cluster probability household and biomarker survey and analyzed venous blood samples from non-pregnant, non-lactating women aged 18–49 years residing in rural areas of two subdistricts in the Ambala District. Factors of interest were: anemia, hemoglobin &lt; 12.0 g/dL; ID, serum ferritin &lt; 15μg/L;  IDA,  presence of both anemia and iron deficiency; inflammation, CRP &gt; 5 mg/L. We used the BRINDA regression adjustment for ferritin to account for inflammation. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for anemia, ID, IDA, and CRP were estimated. Results Among 775 non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age, 54.3% (95% CI; 50.7, 58.0) had anemia, 86.9% (95% CI; 84.3, 89.2) were iron deficient, and 15.1% (95% CI; 12.5, 18.1) had inflammation. Among those with anemia, 58.2% (95 CI; 54.3, 62.0) had iron deficiency anemia. Conclusions Anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia among non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age in Haryana are significant public health concerns. The findings from the survey helped quantify the burden of inadequate iron intake and informed the Haryana government's prevention strategy aimed at reducing micronutrient deficiencies through a wheat flour fortification program. Funding Sources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Demba Goffa Woreda, Gamo Goffa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Befikaduwa Zekarias ◽  
Frehiwot Mesfin ◽  
Bezatu Mengiste ◽  
Adane Tesfaye ◽  
Lemma Getacher
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Abstract Background: Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in Ethiopia that is more common in women of reproductive age. However, it is not well addressed and there is a lack of information on its prevalence and associated factors in women of reproductive age group. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess goiter prevalence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the Demba Goffa Woreda, Gamo Goffa Zone, and Southwest Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was used among 584 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group from February 05 to April 20, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study Kebeles, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire, and the goiter examination was done clinically for each participant. The collected data were coded and entered into a computer for statistical analysis using Epi-data version 3.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with a P-value ≤ 0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis, and finally, variables with a P-value < 0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were considered significantly associated with the dependent variable.Results: The total goiter rate was 43%, 95% CI = (39.2-46.9). Cassava consumption (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: (1.03-4)), salt wash before use (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: (1.1-11.3)), salt use after > 2 months of purchase (AOR: 11, 95% CI; (5-26)), family history of goiter (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: (1.4-15.8)), and poor knowledge of iodized salt (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI (1.4-5.5)) were significant factors associated with goiter.Conclusion: Iodine deficiency was found to be severe in women of reproductive age in the study area. This showed that women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy, are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects at delivery. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine, improved access to foods rich in iodine and intake of iodized salt. Additionally, health education should focus on the importance of iodized salt, the proper method of use and the prevention of iodine deficiency, which are highly recommended to minimize the problem.

scholarly journals Determinants of Anaemia Among Women of Reproductive Age In South Africa: A Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takana M Silubonde ◽  
Cornelius M Smuts ◽  
Lisa J Ware ◽  
Glory Chidumwa ◽  
Linda Malan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Soluble Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Contraception Use

Abstract Background – Anaemia continues to be a major public health problem among women of reproductive age (WRA). A thorough understanding of anaemia risk factors is necessary to design better interventions. This paper examines the determinants of anaemia among WRA in South Africa.Methods- We included baseline data from 480 women participating in the pilot-phase of a randomized controlled trial (HeLTI). We measured haemoglobin (Hb) status using the Hemocue. Plasma iron status markers (ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)), markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP)) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)) and retinol binding protein (RBP) were assessed using the multiplex method. We used multivariate logistic regression to describe associations with anaemia and structural equation modelling (SEM) to characterise direct and indirect pathways influencing haemoglobin concentrations.Results- The prevalence of anaemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) was 39.4%, 38.1% and 21.6% respectively. The multiple logistic regression showed that ID (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.72, 3.98), iron deficiency erythropoiesis (IDE) (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.46), and elevated CRP (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.76), increased the odds of being anaemic. SEM analysis revealed Hb was directly and positively associated with adjusted ferritin (0.0031 per mg/dl; p≤0.001), and CRP (0.015 per mg/dl; p≤0.05), and directly and negatively associated with soluble transferrin receptor sTfR (-0.042 per mg/dl; p≤0.001). While contraception use had both a direct (0.34; p≤0.05) and indirect (0.11; p≤0.01) positive association with Hb. Additionally, chicken and beef consumption had a positive indirect association with Hb concentrations (0.15; p≤0.05) through adjusted ferritin.Conclusion-A key driver of anaemia in our setting is ID, however the presence of inflammation also increases the risk of anaemia. To address anaemia, interventions should aim to improve the diet quality of women, in particular access to iron rich foods. We recommend the use of multi-micronutrient supplements with a lower dose of iron and other micronutrients which would ensure that women receive the same benefits as with iron folic acid, while alleviating anaemia of inflammation.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Muslim Students, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110134
Author(s):  
Chutima Rattanawan ◽  
Suraiya Cheloh ◽  
Asma Maimahad ◽  
Malatee Tayeh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia is a global public health problem. The prevalence of anemia among different ages, genders or ethnic groups must be clarified in order to solve problems. This study proposed to determine the prevalence and factors related to anemia among the Muslim school-age population in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from 200 school-age subjects. The thalassemia screening was performed with KKU-OF and KKU-DCIP reagents. The prevalence of anemia in this study was 36.5%, divided into males and females, 33.3% and 39.1%, respectively. The means of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the anemic group were significantly lower. The positive results for KKU-OF or KKU-DCIP or both were 15.0%, 2.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. The result of positive OF test was a significantly independent factor for anemia. The number of family members was 5 to 7 and more than 7 persons are related factors for anemia in this study. In summary, the contribution of thalassemia and socio-economic factor are associated factors to anemia in this population. These findings should be addressed in public health strategies for the control of anemia of school-aged Muslims in the region.

scholarly journals Iodine Excretion and Intake in Women of Reproductive Age in South Australia Eating Plant-Based and Omnivore Diets: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3547
Author(s):  
Jane S. Whitbread ◽  
Karen J. Murphy ◽  
Peter M. Clifton ◽  
Jennifer B. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Women consuming a strictly vegan/plant-based diet may be at increased risk of low iodine intake due to avoidance of animal products containing iodine. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the iodine excretion and intake in women consuming vegan/plant based diets compared with women consuming omnivore diets. Fifty-seven women (n = 31 plant-based, n = 26 omnivores), provided two spot urine samples to assess urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Two days of dietary intake were also recorded by participants. As the data were not normally distributed results are reported as median (IQR). UIC was significantly different between groups, 44 (26–66) µg/L in the vegan/plant-based group versus 64 (40–88) µg/L in omnivores (p < 0.05). UIC did not meet the >100 µg/L level recommended by the World Health Organization. Iodine intake was also significantly different, 78 (62–91) µg/day in the vegan/plant-based group and 125 (86–175) µg/day in the omnivores (p = 0.000). Iodine intake and bread intake were correlated with iodine excretion (CC 0.410–4.11, p = 0.003). These data indicate iodine insufficiency in both groups of women as the median values were below the minimum WHO recommendation. A larger study assessing iodine excretion in the Australian women of reproductive age who are not pregnant or breastfeeding is needed to confirm these findings.

Preference on prenatal sex determination and its associated factors among currently married women of reproductive age group in Puducherry, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
GaneshKumar Saya ◽  
KariyarathCheriyath Premarajan ◽  
Gautam Roy ◽  
Sonali Sarkar ◽  
SitanshuSekhar Kar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vitamin A Deficiency among Children and Women in Senegal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mane Hélène Faye ◽  
Nicole Idohou-Dossou ◽  
Abdou Badiane ◽  
Anta Agne-Djigo ◽  
Papa Mamadou DD Sylla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Like many developing countries, Senegal does not have data on the extent of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) that is representative of its population. The present survey was conducted to fill this gap and to identify factors associated with VAD, prior to the introduction of a large-scale vitamin A oil fortification program. Procedures: A nationwide representative cross-sectional survey involving 1887 children 12 to 59 months old and 1316 women of reproductive age (WRA) was conducted. Blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations of retinol (PR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha-1-acidglycoprotein were measured. PR was adjusted for subclinical inflammation using the BRINDA regression methodology. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with VAD. Findings: The adjusted prevalence of VAD (PR ≤ 0.7 μmol/L) in children was 15.3% and differed by age group, area of residence, and socioeconomic status and half of them had subclinical inflammation. Among WRA, VAD was low (2.3%) and 18.1% had vitamin A insufficiency (VAI). Pregnant women were more affected by VAI (28.4%) and Dakar had lower figures compared with other cities and rural strata. Prevalence of VAI decreased with increasing wealth quintile. In logistic regression, abnormal CRP, poverty, scarce consumption of poultry, oysters, melon, red palm oil, palm kernel oil, Saba senegalensis fruit pulp (Maad) and cowpea, frequent consumption of leeks and consumption of Leptadenia hastata leaves (Mbuum tiakhat), were associated with VAD in children. For women, lower socioeconomic status, fair or poor health status and anemia were negatively associated with VAI. Conclusions: In Senegal, VAD is a moderate public health problem in children and slight among women. Particular attention should be paid to children older than 23 months, pregnant women, rural populations, and poorest households. Nutritional interventions should be implemented alongside morbidity prevention and control. Keywords: vitamin A deficiency, children 12-59 months, women of reproductive age, Senegal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document