scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Typical Dolomite Karst Basin in Humid Subtropical Zone

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Shizhen Xiao ◽  
Cheng Zeng ◽  
Jiacheng Lan ◽  
Yongning Di ◽  
Jianghu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The hydrochemical characteristics and variation rules of water in karst areas are important for the basic research of karst field. Because only a few researches focused on the hydrochemical characteristics of humid subtropical dolomite karst basins in the past, the Shanmuhe Basin and its subbasin Huangzhouhe Basin in Shibing Dolomite Karst World Natural Heritage Site in China were selected as the study area. A total of 215 water samples were collected and analyzed. It was found that the hydrochemical type of subtropical dolomite karst basin is HCO3-Ca·Mg type, which is different from that in limestone areas and shale districts, which is HCO3-Ca type for both; EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Mg2+/Ca2+, and Mg2+/HCO3- have similar spatial variations, which are lower in allogenic water in the upstream in the northwest of the basin and become higher when the water enters the dolomite karst area in the mid and downstream of the basin, and SIC and SID of the allogenic water in the upstream are below zero, while those become saturated after entering the dolomite area in the mid and downstream; the monthly variation of hydrochemistry shows that the seasonal variation of ion concentration is not obvious, and there is a dilution effect in rainy seasons, but the variation of ion concentration is small and relatively stable; higher HCO3- concentration and Mg2+/Ca2+ in the pure dolomite basin are higher than those in the impure dolomite basin; the main influencing factors of the hydrochemical features are geological background especially the lithology, and the water chemistry is mainly controlled by rock weathering and water-rock interaction; rainfall import is low and the low concentrations of K+, Na+, NO3-, Cl-, and SO42- in water indicate that human activities have little effect on the hydrochemistry in the study area.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Changes and Influencing Factors in the Dongkemadi Region, Tanggula Range, China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Tianding Han ◽  
Yuping Li ◽  
Jia Qin ◽  
Xiangying Li ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geochemical Model

In order to detect the source and controlling factors of hydrochemical ions in glacier meltwater-recharged rivers, the chemical characteristics of the river water, precipitation, and meltwater of the Dongkemadi River Basin, China, in 2014 (from May to October) were systematically analyzed, and combined with the hydrological and meteorological data. The results show that the hydrochemical pattern of the typical river was HCO3−-Ca2+. The most cations were Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the predominant anions were HCO3− and SO42−, in the river. The concentration of major ions and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the river water were much larger than that in the precipitation and meltwater. The TDS concentration was ordered: River water > precipitation > meltwater. The water-rock interaction and the dilution effect of the precipitation and meltwater on the runoff ions resulted in a negative correlation between the ion concentration of the river water and the river flow. The chemical ions of the river runoff mainly originated from rock weathering and the erosion (abrasion) caused by glacier movement. In addition, the contributions of different sources to the dissolved components of the Dongkemadi River were ordered: Carbonate (75.8%) > silicate (15.5%) > hydatogenic rock (5.7%) > atmospheric precipitation (3%), calculated by a forward geochemical model. And the hydrochemical weathering rates of carbonate and silicate minerals were 12.30 t·km−2·a−1 and 1.98 t·km−2·a−1, respectively. The CO2 fluxes, consumed by the chemical weathering of carbonate and silicate, were 3.28 × 105 mol·km−2·a−1 and 0.91 × 105 mol·km−2·a−1, respectively.

scholarly journals Possible Hydrochemical Processes Influencing Dissolved Solids in Surface Water and Groundwater of the Kaidu River Basin, Northwest China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Dalong Li ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Shaofeng Jia ◽  
Aifeng Lv
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Hydrochemical Processes ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Kaidu River ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Hydrochemical processes under intense human activities were explored on the basis of the hydrochemical characteristics of 109 surface water samples and 129 groundwater samples collected during August 2015 to September 2016, in the Kaidu River Basin. Results obtained in this study indicated that the water in the basin was neutral to slightly alkaline with low total dissolved solids. Rock weathering and evaporation controlled the natural hydrochemical mechanisms. Mountain groundwater and stream water were dominated by Ca2+-HCO3− type water, whereas the plains groundwater was dominated by mixed type water. The results of principal component analysis demonstrated that water-rock interaction and human activity explained 71.6% and 12.9% of surface water hydrochemical variations, respectively, and 75.1% and 14.2% of groundwater hydrochemical variations, respectively. Sulfate, chloride, and carbonate weathering were the major water-rock interaction processes. Livestock farming and agricultural activities were the primary human activities influencing the water hydrochemistry. In addition, cation exchange is another important process influencing the hydrochemical characteristics in the study area. This study would be helpful in forecasting of water quality in arid areas.

scholarly journals UPPER CATCHMENT OF BRIBIN UNDERGROUND RIVER HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY (GUNUNG SEWU KARST, GUNUNG KIDUL, JAVA, INDONESIA)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Processes ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Process ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

This research was conducted within Bribin underground river, the primary river in the Gunung Sewu karst area, Gunung Kidul, Java, Indonesia. The main purpose of this study is to describe hydrogeochemical processes that occur at the upstream of Bribin River. In addition, this study also differentiates hydrogeochemical dominant processes, which come about in rainy season and dry season. Study area boundary is the upper rainfall catchment of Bribin River that is focused on three locations: Pentung River (surface), Luweng Jomblangan, and Gilap Cave. Discharge measurements for one yearperiod are conducted to define discharge hydrograph. Furthermore, baseflow separation analysis is conducted to determine the percentage of base flow (PAD) throughout the year. Water sampling for hydrogeochemical analysis is taken everymonth to represent dry season and rainy season condition. To describe the hydrogeochemical processes, scatter plot analysis with small sample size is conducted. The result shows that within dry season, dominant hydrogeochemical process is water rock interaction that indicates by: achieving maximum level of Ca2+-HCO3- ; strong relationship between discharge increment and PAD reduction; strong relationship between increasing of Ca2+-HCO3- and increasing of PAD. In addition,strong relationship between the increase in Ca2+-HCO3- and reduction of carbondioxide in water as well as minimum level of carbondioxide gas in water at the peak of dry season, is also present. In rainy season, hydrogeochemical process shifted from water-rock interaction to dilution by precipitation as a result of rain water supply through conduit system channel,which is characterized by: declining in Ca2+-HCO3- when discharge increase; increasing Ca2+-HCO3- when discharge decrease; low correlation of spesific conductivity vs Ca2+-HCO3 -; low correlation of PAD vs Ca2+-HCO3 - when discharge increase, strong correlation between declining in PAD by increasing of CO2 in the water, and rising of CO2 when discharge increase.

scholarly journals HIDROGEOQUÍMICA DAS ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE LENÇÓIS, BAHIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatas Batista Mattos ◽  
Manoel Jerônimo Moreira Cruz ◽  
Francisco Carlos Fernandes De Paula
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

This study aimed to point out the hydrogeochemistry groundwater in the municipality of Lençóis, State of Bahia, to classify them according to the content and types of dissolved salts. To this, twenty sampling points were listed in the groundwater in aquifers formed by metasediments, detritical covers and limestones, with the purpose of analyze the following parameters: electrical conductivity, temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, HCO3, PO4, SO4, Cl-, NO3, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Mn4+, Sr2+ and Ba2+. The results showed that the groundwater in the municipality of Lençóis are distributed into two zones with different hydrogeochemistry, one of the largest controlled by geological clastic metasedimentary rocks typologies (sandstones, quartzites, conglomeratics, detritical covers) where the process of water-rock interaction allows occur little quantity salt water, slightly acidic, sweet, soft and predominantly sulfated sodic. The other zone is controlled by chemical metasedimentary rocks (limestones) as well as bicarbonates, where they occur hard water, slightly alkaline, sweets and sulfated calcic and mixed. The levels of metals and elements nitrate, phosphate and sulfate presented themselves generally at low concentrations, with some deviations detected in points of the urban area.

scholarly journals Comparison Of Isotope And Hydrochemical Characteristics Of Springs In Sembalun – Rinjani Area, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Before And After The Earthquake Events In 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Satrio Satrio ◽  
◽  
Rasi Prasetio ◽  
B. Yoseph C.S.S. Syah Alam ◽  
M. Sapari D. Hadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Hydrochemical Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydrochemical Composition ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The current 2019 isotope and hydrochemical study of hot and cold springs in Sembalun - Rinjani area is a re-assessment of previous similar study in 2012. The aim of this study is to assess the isotope and hydrochemical characteristics of springs due to the earthquake events in 2018. After the earthquake events in 2018, the stable isotopes δ18O and δ2H composition of Sebau hot spring and most of cold springs is shifted into more depleted values which may indicate water-rock interaction or interaction with cold waters which has more depleted δ18O and δ2H values. Also, Sebau hot spring is still plotted at mixing line of meteoric and andesitic water, but still dominant meteoric water. The hydrochemical data of all cold springs and Orok river show the enrichment of Na, probably from silicates weathering or the cation exhchange. While hydrochemical composition of Sebau hot spring is significantly decreased, except SO4, probably due to dilution with cold waters before the thermal water reach the surface. The Piper diagram showed that cold springs and Orok river are Ca-Mg-HCO3 type before and after the earthquake events. While Sebau hot spring is shifted from Ca-Cl type into mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type after the earthquake events. The temperature of Sebau hot spring slightly decreased from 35.5 °C to 34.8 °C after the earthquake events, while Na/K geothermometer calculation also indicate decreasing of sub-surface temperature, i.e. from 146–165 °C to 130–150 °C.

scholarly journals MINERAL WATERS OF THE AVACHINSKY DEPRESSION, KAMCHATKA

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Taran ◽  
◽  
G.V. Ryabinin ◽  
B.G. Pokrovski ◽  
I.N. Nazhalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Saline waters (up to 22 g/l) were tapped by deep (to 3000 m) wells at the foot of active volcanoes Avachinsky and Koryaksky, within Avachinsky depression. Temperature of waters was ~ 60°C in the western part and cold in the eastern part, closer to the Pacific coast. In this paper we present the literature and our own data on chemical and isotopic composition of these waters. The waters are of the Na-Cl type with extremely low abundances of sulfate and magnesium, high concentration of calcium and surprisingly high concentration of strontium. The waters contain about 50 ml/l of gas where methane and nitrogen are main components (~ 70 vol% and 30 vol%, respectively) and also presents H2S (~ 30 ml/l) and very low concentrations of CO2 (< 0.5 vol%). The N2/Ar ratio, as a rule, is higher than the air ratio, i.e., the non-atmospheric nitrogen presents. We discuss the possible options of the water-rock interaction, responsible for the chemical composition of waters, and offer a conceptual model of the proposed basin of mineral waters that includes the distribution of deep temperatures, the location of the possible sources of heat mineralized solutions.

87SR/86SR, δ18O AND NOBLE GASES AS TRACERS OF WATER-ROCK INTERACTION IN THE THEISTAREYKIR GEOTHERMAL FIELD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Haut-Labourdette ◽  
◽  
Daniele Pinti ◽  
André Poirier ◽  
Marion Saby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noble Gases ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

scholarly journals Geochemical and isotopic evidence of groundwater salinization processes in the Essaouira region, north-west coast, Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Otman EL Mountassir ◽  
Mohammed Bahir ◽  
Driss Ouazar ◽  
Abdelghani Chehbouni ◽  
Paula M. Carreira
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

AbstractThe city of Essaouira is located along the north-west coast of Morocco, where groundwater is the main source of drinking, domestic and agricultural water. In recent decades, the salinity of groundwater has increased, which is why geochemical techniques and environmental isotopes have been used to determine the main sources of groundwater recharge and salinization. The hydrochemical study shows that for the years 1995, 2007, 2016 and 2019, the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area consists of HCO3–Ca–Mg, Cl–Ca–Mg, SO4–Ca and Cl–Na chemical facies. The results show that from 1995 to 2019, electrical conductivity increased and that could be explained by a decrease in annual rainfall in relation to climate change and water–rock interaction processes. Geochemical and environmental isotope data show that the main geochemical mechanisms controlling the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the Cenomanian–Turonian aquifer are the water–rock interaction and the cation exchange process. The diagram of δ2H = 8 * δ18O + 10 shows that the isotopic contents are close or above to the Global Meteoric Water Line, which suggests that the aquifer is recharged by precipitation of Atlantic origin. In conclusion, groundwater withdrawal should be well controlled to prevent groundwater salinization and further intrusion of seawater due to the lack of annual groundwater recharge in the Essaouira region.

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