scholarly journals Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Regulating IRS-1 Phosphorylation in Skeletal Muscle to Improve Insulin Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shanshan Song ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Bingyan Cao ◽  
Jingyi Zhang ◽  
Youngcho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Zdf Rats

Objective. To explore the possible mechanism of electroacupuncture to improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes rats. Methods. Fourteen Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats were randomly divided into two groups: a model group and an electroacupuncture group, with 7 rats in each group. Seven Zucker Lean (ZL) rats served as a control group. All rats were fed with Purina #5008 for 4 weeks, and the electroacupuncture group received 4-week electroacupuncture intervention, while the control group and model group received no intervention. We measured fasting blood glucose (FBG) on the fourth weekend. After 4 weeks of intervention, the expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation, IRS-1 serine/threonine phosphorylation, and GLUT4 in quadriceps femoris muscles were detected by western Blot. Results. Compared with the model group, the electroacupuncture group had a lower level of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin level, and insulin resistance index ( P < 0.05 ). The electroacupuncture group had lower IRS-1 serine/threonine phosphorylation than the model group, with the difference showing statistical significance ( P < 0.05 ). Furthermore, the mean score (MS) of the control group showed the lowest phosphorylation expression, followed by the electroacupuncture group, while the model group had the highest level of phosphorylated protein expression. The level of IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation at Tyr895 sites was compared, and the result showed that there was no significant difference between the electroacupuncture group and the control group ( P > 0.05 ), and the electroacupuncture group had higher phosphorylation expression than the model group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the control group and the model group, the expression level of GLUT4 protein in the electroacupuncture group was significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Electroacupuncture has the effect to improve the insulin sensitivity of type 2 diabetic ZDF rats by reducing fasting blood glucose, insulin level, and insulin resistance index, effectively up regulating the expression of GLUT4 protein in quadriceps femoris muscle. The mechanism is related to the regulation of skeletal muscle IRS-1 serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation levels.

scholarly journals The Effect of A New Mixture of Sugar and Sugar-Alcohol (Lacritose) on Blood Glucose and Lipids and the Possible Adverse Reactions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Rahmanian ◽  
Zohreh Mozafari ◽  
Danial Chaleshi ◽  
Marzieh Shukohifar ◽  
Saeedeh Jam-Ashkezari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Research

Background: A new sweetener with the commercial name of Lacritose has been recently produced, which is a combination of four simple sugars (lactose, fructose, sucrose, erythritol), with specific ingredients and percentages. This study aimed to assess glycemic response and short term gastrointestinal reactions in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: In this triple-blind randomized clinical trial, 30 diabetic patients referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center in 2018 were included. After collecting the primary data, they were assigned into three groups, including sucrose consumers as the control group, sucrose-lactose, and lacritose as the groups of consumers group. They were followed for two weeks, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial test (2HPP), fructose amine, SGOT, SGPT, urea, creatinine, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were assessed. Results: In lacritose consumers, significant reductions were seen in FBG and 2HPP (P < 0.001 and P = 0.05, respectively), although changes among the groups were not significant. In sucrose-lacritose consumers, FBG and cholesterol levels decreased (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). In sucrose consumers, no reduction was seen. HOMA-IR did not significantly decrease, but intergroup changes were obvious. Conclusion: The lacritose effects on FBG and 2HPP were significantly evident, but the other metabolic indices did not show any significant change.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OBESE TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Patients

ABSTRACT Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), accounts for more than 90% of the total number of diabetes mellitus cases and often occurs in middle-aged and elderly people. Objective: To investigate the effect of exercise intervention on insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Eighty-six obese diabetic patients were screened as experimental subjects in physical examinations and randomly divided into observation and control groups. Visceral fat volume, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin of all subjects were measured before and after completion of the 6-month experimental implementation. The insulin resistance was calculated for both groups and the values for each indicator were compared statistically between groups. Results: Control of body weight, body mass index, blood glucose, blood lipids and insulin resistance index were better in the observation group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Basal intervention with quantitative exercise can significantly improve insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetes patients and the effect is better than treatment with diet and conventional exercise. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Anti-diabetic activity of diphenhydramine in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5067-5070
Author(s):  
Pang Jyh Chayng ◽  
Nurul Ain ◽  
Kaswandi Md Ambia ◽  
Rahim Md Noah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I

The purpose of this project is to study the anti-diabetic effect of on a diabetic rat model. A total of Twenty male Sprague rats were used and it randomly distributed into four groups which are Group I: , Group II: negative control, Group III: and Group IV: and . In diabetic model were induced with via injection at the dosage of 65mg/kg. and FBG (Fasting Blood Glucose) level of diabetic rats were assessed every three days. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture at day 21 after the induction of treatment. Insulin level of the rats was assessed with the Mercodia Rat Insulin ELISA kit. FBG level of group I (12.16 ±3.96, p&lt;0.05) and group IV (11.34 ±3.67, p&lt;0.05) were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the for all rats did not show any significant increase. However, the insulin level was escalated in group IV (0.74+0.25, p&lt;0.05) significantly. The present study shows that the and the combination of and lowered blood glucose level and enhanced insulin secretion.

scholarly journals Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets in the Liver of Pioglitazone-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Sprague-Dawley Rats via Expression Profile Chip and iTRAQ Assay

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xia Lu ◽  
Wen-Jun Xu ◽  
Yang-Sheng Wu ◽  
Chang-Yu Li ◽  
Yi-Tao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The aim of the present study was to identify key antidiabetic nodes in the livers of pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rats by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Rats were randomly divided into the control, the diabetes model, and the pioglitazone-treated groups. After treatment with pioglitazone for 11 weeks, the effects on fasting blood glucose, body weight, and blood biochemistry parameters were evaluated. Microarray and iTRAQ analysis were used to determine the differentially expressed genes/proteins in rat livers. 1.5-fold changes in gene expression and 1.2-fold changes in protein were set as the screening criteria. After treatment with pioglitazone for 11 weeks, fasting blood glucose in pioglitazone-treated rats was significantly lower than that in the model group. There was a tendency for pioglitazone to reduce TC, TG, TP, ALB, BUN, and HDL-c levels. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) were applied to analyze differentially expressed genes/proteins. Furthermore, Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to validate the results of microarray and iTRAQ. In conclusion, Cyp7a1, Cp, and RT1-EC2 are differentially expressed genes/proteins since they showed a similar trend in rats in the model group and the pioglitazone-treated group.

scholarly journals Effects of an Outpatient Diabetes Self-Management Education on Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zheng ◽  
Suixin Liu ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Lihua Deng
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Control Group

Objective. This study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a simple outpatient diabetes self-management education programme. Methods. In the study, 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly allocated into the control group (n=30) and intervention group (n=30). Regular and 2-session health education programmes were provided. The summary of diabetes self-care activity measure, problem areas in the diabetes scale, fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 h blood glucose, and HbA1c were measured before and after the intervention to assess the effects of this 2-session diabetes education programme. Results. The total mean score of the summary of diabetes self-care activities measure was 17.60±6.63 points. The problem areas in the diabetes scale revealed that the total mean score was 29.82±15.22 points; 27% of the patients had diabetes-related distress, while 9% suffered from severe emotional distress. Compared with the control group, scores of the summary of diabetes self-care activities measure and problem areas in the diabetes scale, fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 h blood glucose, and HbA1c were significantly improved in the intervention group after the intervention (P<0.01). Conclusion. This study showed that the 2-session diabetes education programme could effectively improve the level of self-reported self-management, psychological distress, and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Variation of Resistin Gene Is Correlated with Insulin Resistance in Obese People of Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1891-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramudji Hastuti ◽  
Tasmini Tasmini ◽  
Rizki Fajar Utami ◽  
Meirlin Rambu Kaita Riwa ◽  
Steven Steven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Resistin Level ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

BACKGROUND: Obesity is considered associated with an increase of resistin levels that plays a role in the regulation of energy and maintaining fasting blood glucose. Polymorphism of resistin is thought to be correlated with the levels of resistin and insulin resistance.AIM: This study aimed to examine the association of +299G > A and -420C > G resistin (RETN) gene with resistin level and insulin resistance in obese people of Indonesia.METHODS: We examined 142 healthy unrelated subjects consisting of 71 obese and 71 controls. Fasting blood glucose was measured by the enzymatic method while the resistin and insulin levels were measured by Elisa method. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR index. Polymorphisms of RETN genes were examined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and the data was tested. The data were correlated with Kruskal Wallis continue logistic regression and simple linear regressionRESULTS: In the obese group, there was an increased level of insulin (17.74 vs 11.27 mU/L) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 3.9 vs 1.46) compared to the control group. Polymorphism of +299G > A was associated with insulin resistance (GA and GA + AA genotype significantly different compare GG genotype with P < 0.001). Resistin level was negatively correlated with insulin level (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: In this study, polymorphism of +299G > A was identified as a risk factor for insulin resistance, and there was a significant association of serum resistin level with insulin level in the population of Indonesia.

scholarly journals Uji Efektivitas Beras Herbal Forte terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (Study of the Herbal Rice Forte Effectiveness on Decreasing Blood Glucose of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patient)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Gema Akbar Wakhidana ◽  
Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti ◽  
Ali Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by disturbances in insulin secretion or insulin activity. Herbal Forte Rice is rice synthetic material composed of main purple sweet potato and corn flour. It contains antioksidan, fiber, resistant starch and having moderate glycemic index. This study aimed to determine the effectivity of Herbal Forte Rice on decreasing blood glucose levels of patients type 2 DM. It used a cross-over design, the role of research subjects was both as control and treatment groups. Total sample of this research consisted of 60 samples. The treatment group was given Herbal Forte Rice for 7 days in 2 consecutive meals, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The results showed the average level of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) beginning and end of the treatment group 179.76 mg/dL and 138.7 mg/dL; FBG beginning and end of the control 180.87 mg/dL and 187.63 mg/dL; 2 hours post prandial Blood Glucose (2hppBG) levels of beginning and end of the treatment group 284.37 mg/dL and 183.8 mg/dL; 2hppBG levels beginning and end of the control 280.57 mg/dL and 284.13 mg/dL. This study concludes that Herbal Forte Rice effective on decreasing blood glucose levels of patients type 2 DM.   Keywords: diabetes mellitus, Rice Herbal Forte, GDP and GD2PP  

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs predict glycemic improvement and response to a behavioral intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Flowers ◽  
Isabel Elaine Allen ◽  
Alka M. Kanaya ◽  
Bradley E. Aouizerat
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Circulating Micrornas

Abstract Background MicroRNAs may be important regulators of risk for type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this longitudinal observational study was to assess whether circulating microRNAs predicted improvements in fasting blood glucose, a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, over 12 months. Methods The study included participants (n = 82) from a previously completed trial that tested the effect of restorative yoga on individuals with prediabetes. Circulating microRNAs were measured using a flow cytometry miRNA assay. Linear models were used to determine the optimal sets of microRNA predictors overall and by intervention group. Results Subsets of microRNAs were significant predictors of final fasting blood glucose after 12-months (R2 = 0.754, p < 0.001) and changes in fasting blood glucose over 12-months (R2 = 0.731, p < 0.001). Three microRNAs (let-7c, miR-363, miR-374b) were significant for the control group only, however there was no significant interaction by intervention group. Conclusions Circulating microRNAs are significant predictors of fasting blood glucose in individuals with prediabetes. Among the identified microRNAs, several have previously been associated with risk for type 2 diabetes. This is one of the first studies to use a longitudinal design to assess whether microRNAs predict changes in fasting blood glucose over time. Further exploration of the function of the microRNAs included in these models may provide new insights about the complex etiology of type 2 diabetes and responses to behavioral risk reduction interventions. Trial registration This study was a secondary analysis of a previously completed clinical trial that is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01024816) on December 3, 2009.

scholarly journals Effects of Fasting-Mimicking Diet and Specific Meal Replacement Foods on Blood Glucose Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fang Tang ◽  
Xuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Experimental Group

Type 2 diabetes represents a serious societal health problem due to the vulnerability to cardiovascular events. Diet therapy is the most basic treatment for type 2 diabetes. The present study was conducted to study the effect of a fasting-mimicking diet and specific meal replacement foods on blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our study included 100 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent a physical examination which were enrolled and randomly assigned as 50 patients each to the test group (with low energy-specific meal replacement meals during a fasting-mimicking diet) and the control group (with specific meal replacement foods given normal adult doses). After 4 months, efficacy indicators which were fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial venous blood glucose, and glycosylated haemoglobin of the experimental group were all lower than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ); observation indicators that include body mass index, waist circumference, blood lipids (triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein), and blood pressure levels were all lower than the control group, and high-density lipoprotein levels were all higher than the control group (all P < 0.05 ). Both groups of fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial venous blood glucose, and blood pressure had a relatively stable downward trend, but the experimental group had a more significant decline. In conclusion, the study revealed that a fasting-mimicking diet and specific meal replacement foods can safely and effectively reduce weight and improve metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effects of Huanglian-Renshen-Decoction, a Fixed Mixture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, on the Improvement of Glucose Metabolism by Maintenance of Pancreatic β Cell Identity in db/db Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fen Yuan ◽  
Dingkun Wang ◽  
Leyi Ma ◽  
Xin Qin ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Cell Identity

Huanglian-Renshen-Decoction (HRD) is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which HRD regulates the glucose level. Forty 7-8-week-old db/db (BSK) mice were randomly assigned to the following four groups: model, low dose HRD (LHRD), high dose HRD (HHRD), and saxagliptin (SAX). Additionally, 10 db/m mice were assigned to control group. The experimental mice were administered 3.03g/kg/d and 6.06g/kg/d of HRD in the LHRD and HHRD groups, respectively, and 10mg/kg/d saxagliptin in the SAX group for 8 weeks. The control and model groups were supplied with distilled water. After the intervention, the pancreas and blood were collected and tested. Compared with that of model group, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) was significantly decreased in all intervention groups (p < 0.05 or 0.01), whereas fasting serum insulin (FINS) was increased significantly in both HHRD and SAX groups. The immunofluorescence images showed that the mass of insulin+ cells was increased and that of glucagon+ cells was reduced obviously in experimental groups compared to those of the model group. In addition, the coexpression of insulin, glucagon, and PDX1 was decreased in HHRD group, and the level of caspase 12 in islet was decreased significantly in all intervention groups. However, little difference was found in the number and morphology of islet, and the expression of ki67, bcl2, bax, caspase 3, and cleaved-caspase 3 in the pancreas among groups. Interestingly, the cleaved-Notch1 level was increased and the Ngn3 level in islet was decreased significantly in HHRD group. The HRD showed dose-dependent effects on glucose metabolism improvement through maintenance of β cell identity via a mechanism that might involve the Notch1/Ngn3 signal pathway in db/db mice.

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