scholarly journals Hormone Replacement Therapy and Aging: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Age-Related Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Remodeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Renáta Szabó ◽  
Alexandra Hoffmann ◽  
Denise Börzsei ◽  
Krisztina Kupai ◽  
Médea Veszelka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinase ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Type I ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Advanced age is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which might be further exacerbated by estrogen deficiency. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) decreases cardiovascular risks and events in postmenopausal women; however, its effects are not fully elucidated in older individuals. Thus, the aim of our study is to examine the impact of HRT on oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis and cardiac remodeling. In our experiment, control (fertile) and aging (~20-month-old) female Wistar rats were used. Aging rats were further divided into estrogen- (E2, 0.1 mg/kg/day per os) or raloxifene- (RAL, 1.0 mg/kg/day per os) treated subgroups. After 2 weeks of treatment, cardiac heme oxygenase (HO) activity, total glutathione (GSH) content, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, and the concentrations of collagen type I and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2), as well as the infarct size, were determined. The aging process significantly decreased the antioxidant HO activity and GSH content, altered the MMP-2/TIMP-2 signaling, and resulted in an excessive collagen accumulation, which culminated in cardiovascular injury. However, 2 weeks of either E2 or RAL treatment enhanced the antioxidant defense mechanisms and attenuated cardiac remodeling related to aging. Our findings clearly show that 2-week-long HRT is a potential intervention to bias successful cardiovascular aging via reducing oxidative damage and cardiovascular dysfunction.

Sex Hormone Replacement Therapy in Turner Syndrome: Impact on Morbidity and Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette H Viuff ◽  
Agnethe Berglund ◽  
Svend Juul ◽  
Niels H Andersen ◽  
Kirstine Stochholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Central Registry ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context The long-term effects of female hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in Turner syndrome (TS) are unknown. Objective To examine morbidity, mortality and medicinal use in TS and the impact of HRT in 45,X women. Design and Setting National cohort study, following all TS individuals ever diagnosed in Denmark from 1977 to 2014. Patients and Methods In the Danish Cytogenetic Central Registry, we identified 1156 females diagnosed with TS from 1960 to 2014, and, subsequently, Statistics Denmark randomly identified 115 577 age-matched female controls. TS women and their matched controls were linked with person-level data from the National Patient Registry and the Medication Statistics Registry, and they were compared concerning mortality, hospitalizations, and medical prescriptions. Among 329 45,X women, 44 had never been HRT treated, and 285 had been treated at some point. HRT treated women were compared with untreated concerning mortality, hospitalizations, and medical prescriptions. Results Endocrine and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity were significantly increased in TS compared with the matched controls. Comparing HRT treated with nontreated 45,X women, we found a similar mortality (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.38–1.79). Among the HRT-treated 45,X women, we found a significantly lower use of antihypertensives, antidiabetics, and thyroid hormones and significantly reduced hospitalization rates for stroke and osteoporotic fractures. Conclusion Women with TS have an increased overall mortality and morbidity. HRT seems to have a beneficial effect on endocrine conditions, hypertension, and stroke in women with 45,X karyotype, with no clear impact on mortality.

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Life Expectancy After Prophylactic Oophorectomy in Women With BRCA1/2 Mutations: A Decision Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Armstrong ◽  
J. Sanford Schwartz ◽  
Thomas Randall ◽  
Stephen C. Rubin ◽  
Barbara Weber
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Decision Analytic Model ◽  
Prophylactic Oophorectomy ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The decision about prophylactic oophorectomy is difficult for many premenopausal women with BRCA1/2 mutations because of concerns and controversy about the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after oophorectomy. Patients and Methods A Markov decision analytic model used the most current epidemiologic data to assess the expected outcomes of prophylactic oophorectomy with or without HRT (to age 50 years or for life) in cohorts of women with BRCA1/2 mutations. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of alternative assumptions about effects of HRT, effects of prophylactic oophorectomy, and risks of cancer associated with BRCA1/2 mutations. Results In our model, prophylactic oophorectomy lengthened life expectancy in women with BRCA1/2 mutations, irrespective of whether HRT was used after oophorectomy. This gain ranged from 3.34 to 4.65 years, depending on age at oophorectomy. Use of HRT after oophorectomy was associated with relatively small changes in life expectancy (+0.17 to −0.34 years) when HRT was stopped at age 50, but larger decrements in life expectancy if HRT was continued for life (−0.79 to −1.09 years). HRT was associated with a gain in life expectancy of between 0.39 and 0.79 years for mutation carriers undergoing both prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy. Conclusion On the basis of the results of this decision analysis, we recommend that women with BRCA1/2 mutations undergo prophylactic oophorectomy after completion of childbearing, decide about short-term HRT after oophorectomy based largely on quality-of-life issues rather than life expectancy, and, if using HRT, consider discontinuing treatment at the time of expected natural menopause, approximately age 50 years.

Protein metabolism in Turner syndrome and the impact of hormone replacement therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Højbjerg Gravholt ◽  
Anne Lene Riis ◽  
Niels Møller ◽  
Jens Sandahl Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Perimenopause - from contraception to hormone replacement therapy

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
V. P. Smetnik
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Age Related ◽  
One Year

Perimenopause is a period of age-related decline in ovarian function, mostly after age 45, including premenopause and one year after menopause or 2 years after the last independent menstruation. Menopause is the last independent menstruation due to the function of the reproductive system. The date of menopause is set retrospectively, that is, after 12 months of no menstruation. Menopause occurs on average around the age of 50.

scholarly journals Assessing Quality of Life in Patients with Graves’ Disease Following Thyroidectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
S. N. Styazhkina ◽  
A. V. Ledneva ◽  
E. L. Poryvaeva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Graves’ disease is a disorder associated with thyroid gland producing excessive amounts of hormones which causes changes in the functional status of various organs and systems. Among thyroid disorders it takes the second place (after endemic goitre) in prevalence. Until now, there is no consensus on a single strategy for the treatment of disorders of the thyroid gland. This is why this paper aims to assess the impact of surgical treatment of Graves’ disease on patients’ quality of life and whether it would be possible to improve it by following the surgery with hormone replacement therapy.Materials and methods. This paper presents a retrospective analysis of 70 case histories of patients who received surgical treatment for diffuse toxic goitre at the BIH UR “First Republican Teaching Hospital” MH UR,Izhevsk, in the period from 2008 to 2014. Percentages of the disease by stage were as follows: stage II — 20%, stage III — 70%, stage 4 — 10%. One lobe resection was performed in 3% of patients, two lobe resection — in 1%, hemithyroidectomy — in 18±4.6%, subtotal resection — in 8%, thyroidectomy — in 70±5.5%.Results. Percentages of patients with various degrees of severity of postoperative hypothyroidism were as follows: severe — 66%, medium — 29%, light — 5%; there were no Graves’ disease recurrences. Patients’ complaints following thyroidectomy included body weight gain — 79.1±4.8%, cold in extremities — 83.3±4.4%, cardiac arrhythmia — 85.2±4.2%, oedemas — 84.3±4.3%, drowsiness, atonia — 67.1±5.6%, changes in appetite — 21±4.8%, skin pallor — 47.6±5.9%, brittle nails, hair loss — 51.2±5.9%, joint pain — 31.2±5.53%.Conclusion. Hypothyroidism always follows thyroidectomy and requires ongoing hormone replacement therapy with L-thyroxine. Th quality of life does not have to suffer if an individual dosage is established and followed on a permanent basis.

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