scholarly journals Analysis of Influencing Factors of Repair Effect after Peripheral Nerve Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Renqun Mao ◽  
Zean Wei ◽  
Wenqing Li ◽  
Xiaodi Zhu ◽  
Dalian Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Acute Wound ◽  
Indicators Of Success

In order to improve the repair effect after peripheral nerve injury, this paper analyzes the related influencing factors. The regeneration of peripheral nerve includes two continuous and overlapping processes: the acute wound healing period and the axon seeking target tissue period. The complete and effective process of peripheral nerve regeneration includes the sprouting, growth and extension of regenerated axons, and the reconstruction of synaptic connections (neuromuscular junctions) with target organs to realize the reinnervation of nerves and restore function. This process includes three indicators of success in regeneration: structural reconstruction, metabolic regeneration, and functional recovery. In order to improve the repair effect of peripheral nerve injury, relevant influencing factors can be analyzed, and effective improvement of these influencing factors can improve the recovery effect of peripheral nerve injury. Finally, this paper analyzes multiple factors to provide theoretical references for follow-up clinical diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Nerve Suture Combined With ADSCs Injection Under Real-Time and Dynamic NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixian Dong ◽  
Sijia Feng ◽  
Yuzhou Chen ◽  
Mo Chen ◽  
Yimeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Nerve Suture

Peripheral nerve injury gives rise to devastating conditions including neural dysfunction, unbearable pain and even paralysis. The therapeutic effect of current treatment for peripheral nerve injury is unsatisfactory, resulting in slow nerve regeneration and incomplete recovery of neural function. In this study, nerve suture combined with ADSCs injection was adopted in rat model of sciatic nerve injury. Under real-time visualization of the injected cells with the guidance of NIR-II fluorescence imaging in vivo, a spatio-temporal map displaying cell migration from the proximal injection site (0 day post-injection) of the nerve to the sutured site (7 days post-injection), and then to the distal section (14 days post-injection) was demonstrated. Furthermore, the results of electromyography and mechanical pain threshold indicated nerve regeneration and functional recovery after the combined therapy. Therefore, in the current study, the observed ADSCs migration in vivo, electrophysiological examination results and pathological changes all provided robust evidence for the efficacy of the applied treatment. Our approach of nerve suture combined with ADSCs injection in treating peripheral nerve injury under real-time NIR-II imaging monitoring in vivo added novel insights into the treatment for peripheral nerve injury, thus further enhancing in-depth understanding of peripheral nerve regeneration and the mechanism behind.

scholarly journals A Porcine Model of Peripheral Nerve Injury Enabling Ultra-Long Regenerative Distances: Surgical Approach, Recovery Kinetics, and Clinical Relevance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Burrell ◽  
Kevin D. Browne ◽  
John L. Dutton ◽  
Suradip Das ◽  
Daniel P. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Common Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Autograft

AbstractApproximately 20 million Americans currently experience residual deficits from traumatic peripheral nerve injury. Despite recent advancements in surgical technique, peripheral nerve repair typically results in poor functional outcomes due to prolonged periods of denervation resulting from long regenerative distances coupled with relatively slow rates of axonal regeneration. Development of novel surgical solutions requires valid preclinical models that adequately replicate the key challenges of clinical peripheral nerve injury. Our team has developed a porcine model using Yucatan minipigs that provides an opportunity to investigate peripheral nerve regeneration using different nerves tailored for a specific mechanism of interest, such as (1) nerve modality: motor, sensory, and mixed-modality; (2) injury length: short versus long gap; and (3) total regenerative distance: proximal versus distal injury. Here, we describe a comprehensive porcine model of two challenging clinically relevant procedures for repair of long segmental lesions (≥ 5 cm) – the deep peroneal nerve repaired using a sural nerve autograft and the common peroneal nerve repaired using a saphenous nerve autograft – each featuring ultra-long total regenerative distances (up to 20 cm and 27 cm, respectively) to reach distal targets. This paper includes a detailed characterization of the relevant anatomy, surgical approach/technique, functional/electrophysiological outcomes, and nerve morphometry for baseline and autograft repaired nerves. These porcine models of major peripheral nerve injury are suitable as preclinical, translatable models for evaluating the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of next-generation artificial nerve grafts prior to clinical deployment.

XT-type DNA Hydrogels Loaded with VEGF and NGF Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration via Biphasic Release Profile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyang Liu ◽  
Yijun Liu ◽  
Liping Zhou ◽  
Ci Li ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Nerve Conduits ◽  
Biomaterial Science ◽  
Biphasic Release

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains an unresolved challenge in the medicine area. With the development of biomaterial science and tissue engineering, a variety of nerve conduits were widely applied in...

scholarly journals Therapeutic Low-Intensity Ultrasound for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration – A Schwann Cell Perspective

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenica Acheta ◽  
Shannon B. Z. Stephens ◽  
Sophie Belin ◽  
Yannick Poitelon
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound

Peripheral nerve injuries are common conditions that can arise from trauma (e.g., compression, severance) and can lead to neuropathic pain as well as motor and sensory deficits. Although much knowledge exists on the mechanisms of injury and nerve regeneration, treatments that ensure functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury are limited. Schwann cells, the supporting glial cells in peripheral nerves, orchestrate the response to nerve injury, by converting to a “repair” phenotype. However, nerve regeneration is often suboptimal in humans as the repair Schwann cells do not sustain their repair phenotype long enough to support the prolonged regeneration times required for successful nerve regrowth. Thus, numerous strategies are currently focused on promoting and extending the Schwann cells repair phenotype. Low-intensity ultrasound (LIU) is a non-destructive therapeutic approach which has been shown to facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration following nerve injury in rodents. Still, clinical trials in humans are scarce and limited to small population sizes. The benefit of LIU on nerve regeneration could possibly be mediated through the repair Schwann cells. In this review, we discuss the known and possible molecular mechanisms activated in response to LIU in repair Schwann cells to draw support and attention to LIU as a compelling regenerative treatment for peripheral nerve injury.

Intraluminal Guiding Structure of Nerve Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhao Yu ◽  
Yingxi Xu ◽  
Xingya Jia ◽  
Qiang Ao
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
Nerve Conduits ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Basement Membrane Collagen

Peripheral nerve injury that can lead to disability affects millions of people worldwide annually. As the gold standard treatment of peripheral nerve injury, autologous nerve grafts are the most widely used and effective, but the clinical application of the treatment is greatly limited by many disadvantages. Tissue engineering nerve conduits gradually become promising autologous nerve grafts alternatives to promote the regeneration of injured nerves. This review places emphasis on tissue engineering designs of physical and topographic guiding structure inside nerve conduits in order to promote the migration of Schwann cells and directional regrowth of axons towards target organs. Various strategies of intraluminal guiding cues have been described and analyzed, including the incorporation with the tissue with natural basement membrane, collagen, microfilaments, intraluminal multi-channel and grooves in the inner wall. Recently, much progress has been made in the development of tissue engineering nerve conduits, but poor curative effect and deficiencies such as axon dispersion and malposition healing still remain unsolved, many crucial factors need to be considered in further research before clinical practices.

scholarly journals SPP1 Promotes Schwann Cell Proliferation and Survival through PKCα by Binding with CD44 and αvβ3 after Peripheral Nerve Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Bo Wang ◽  
Zhan Zhang ◽  
Jian-Nan Li ◽  
Tuo Yang ◽  
Shuang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Nerve Recovery

Abstract Background: Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve injury. The expression of genes in SCs undergo a series of changes, which greatly affect the proliferation and apoptosis of SCs as well as the fate of peripheral nerve regeneration. However, how do these genes regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of SCs remains unclear. Results: SPP1 and PKCα were found upregulated after human median peripheral nerve injury, which promoted SCs proliferation and survival. The promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis by SPP1 were blocked after the treatment of PKCα antagonist Gö6976. Whereas, the inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis induced by silence of SPP1 could be rescued by the activation of PKCα, which suggested that SPP1 functioned through PKCα. Moreover, both CD44 and αvβ3 were found expressed in SCs and increased after peripheral nerve injury. Silence of CD44 or β3 alleviated the increased proliferation and inhibited apoptosis induced by recombinant osteopontin, suggesting the function of SPP1 on SCs were dependent on CD44 and β3. Conclusion: These results suggested that SPP1 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of SCs through PKCα signaling pathway by binding with CD44 and αvβ3. This study provides a potential therapeutic target for improving peripheral nerve recovery.

scholarly journals Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Engineering: Recent Advances and Potential Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Yan ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Gonzalo Rosso ◽  
Yun Qian ◽  
Cunyi Fan
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Nerve Recovery

Peripheral nerve tissues possess the ability to regenerate within artificial nerve scaffolds, however, despite the advance of biomaterials that support nerve regeneration, the functional nerve recovery remains unsatisfactory. Importantly, the incorporation of two-dimensional nanomaterials has shown to significantly improve the therapeutic effect of conventional nerve scaffolds. In this review, we examine whether two-dimensional nanomaterials facilitate angiogenesis and thereby promote peripheral nerve regeneration. First, we summarize the major events occurring after peripheral nerve injury. Second, we discuss that the application of two-dimensional nanomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration strategies by facilitating the formation of new vessels. Then, we analyze the mechanism that the newly-formed capillaries directionally and metabolically support neuronal regeneration. Finally, we prospect that the two-dimensional nanomaterials should be a potential solution to long range peripheral nerve defect. To further enhance the therapeutic effects of two-dimensional nanomaterial, strategies which help remedy the energy deficiency after peripheral nerve injury could be a viable solution.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Systematic Review

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2194
Author(s):  
Yoon-Yen Yow ◽  
Tiong-Keat Goh ◽  
Ke-Ying Nyiew ◽  
Lee-Wei Lim ◽  
Siew-Moi Phang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicines ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Potential Use

Despite the progressive advances, current standards of treatments for peripheral nerve injury do not guarantee complete recovery. Thus, alternative therapeutic interventions should be considered. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are widely explored for their therapeutic value, but their potential use in peripheral nerve regeneration is underappreciated. The present systematic review, designed according to guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols, aims to present and discuss the current literature on the neuroregenerative potential of CAMs, focusing on plants or herbs, mushrooms, decoctions, and their respective natural products. The available literature on CAMs associated with peripheral nerve regeneration published up to 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. According to current literature, the neuroregenerative potential of Achyranthes bidentata, Astragalus membranaceus, Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, and Hericium erinaceus are the most widely studied. Various CAMs enhanced proliferation and migration of Schwann cells in vitro, primarily through activation of MAPK pathway and FGF-2 signaling, respectively. Animal studies demonstrated the ability of CAMs to promote peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery, which are partially associated with modulations of neurotrophic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-apoptotic signaling. This systematic review provides evidence for the potential use of CAMs in the management of peripheral nerve injury.

Recruitment by SDF-1α of CD34-positive cells involved in sciatic nerve regeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meei-Ling Sheu ◽  
Fu-Chou Cheng ◽  
Hong-Lin Su ◽  
Ying-Ju Chen ◽  
Chun-Jung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Crush Injury ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Angiogenesis Factors

Object Increased integration of CD34+ cells in injured nerve significantly promotes nerve regeneration, but this effect can be counteracted by limited migration and short survival of CD34+ cells. SDF-1α and its receptor mediate the recruitment of CD34+ cells involved in the repair mechanism of several neurological diseases. In this study, the authors investigate the potentiation of CD34+ cell recruitment triggered by SDF-1α and the involvement of CD34+ cells in peripheral nerve regeneration. Methods Peripheral nerve injury was induced in 147 Sprague-Dawley rats by crushing the left sciatic nerve with a vessel clamp. The animals were allocated to 3 groups: Group 1, crush injury (controls); Group 2, crush injury and local application of SDF-1α recombinant proteins; and Group 3, crush injury and local application of SDF-1α antibody. Electrophysiological studies and assessment of regeneration markers were conducted at 4 weeks after injury; neurobehavioral studies were conducted at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after injury. The expression of SDF-1α, accumulation of CD34+ cells, immune cells, and angiogenesis factors in injured nerves were evaluated at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury. Results Application of SDF-1α increased the migration of CD34+ cells in vitro, and this effect was dose dependent. Crush injury induced the expression of SDF-1α, with a peak of 10–14 days postinjury, and this increased expression of SDF-1α paralleled the deposition of CD34+ cells, expression of VEGF, and expression of neurofilament. These effects were further enhanced by the administration of SDF-1α recombinant protein and abolished by administration of SDF-1α antibody. Furthermore, these effects were consistent with improvement in measures of neurological function such as sciatic function index, electrophysiological parameters, muscle weight, and myelination of regenerative nerve. Conclusions Expression of SDF-1α facilitates recruitment of CD34+ cells in peripheral nerve injury. The increased deposition of CD34+ cells paralleled significant expression of angiogenesis factors and was consistent with improvement of neurological function. Utilization of SDF-1α for enhancing the recruitment of CD34+ cells involved in peripheral nerve regeneration may be considered as an alternative treatment strategy in peripheral nerve disorders.

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