scholarly journals Substance Use among Homeless Reproductive Age People in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Negash Wakgari ◽  
Terefe Woyo ◽  
Emnet Kebede ◽  
Hirut Gemeda ◽  
Wakgari Binu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Smoking Cigarette

Introduction. Substance use by homeless reproductive age people may result to anxiety, involvement of risky sexual behaviors, and increasing the likelihood of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Therefore, this study assessed the magnitude of alcohol use, sexual intercourse after alcohol use, and its associated factors among homeless reproductive age people in southern Ethiopia. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among homeless reproductive age people. The snowball sampling technique was used to recruit 842 participants. Pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association of independent variables with the outcome variables. Odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval and P value was used to identify the significant variables. Results. More than half 423 (53.2%) of the respondents had taken a drink that contains alcohol in the last one year of the study period. Out of 324 khat chewers, 190 (58.64%) had sex after chewing khat. More than one-thirds, 323(38.4%) homeless people were smoking cigarette during the study period. Factors associated with alcohol use were age 19-25 years (AOR: 0.49; CI: 0.34, 0.72), ≥26 years (AOR: 0.40; CI: 0.25, 0.65), level of education (AOR: 0.61; CI: 0.39, 0.94), place of residence: major urban (AOR: 0.31; CI: 0.18, 0.51), small town (AOR: 0.38; CI: 0.23, 0.63), ever heard about STDs (AOR: 0.14; CI: 0.07, 027), and being a cigarette smoker (AOR: 2.67; CI: 1.94, 3.71). Conclusions. In this study, significant percentage of respondents had taken a drink that contains alcohol. Age, level of education, place of residence, ever heard about STDs, and smoking cigarette were variables significantly associated with alcohol use. Awareness creation on the effect and outcome of substance use is recommended.

Determinants of Ethiopian Women’s Attitudes Toward Wife Beating

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 510-520
Author(s):  
Eshetu Wencheko ◽  
Mekonnen Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
World Health ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Level Of Education

The World Health Organization stipulated that intimate partner violence is one of the most common forms of violence against women and includes physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and controlling behaviors by an intimate partner. Opposition of women against any form of violence at home, beating by their husbands in particular, is a manifestation of readiness to assert their personal rights. This study used data from the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey to identify some predictors to determine attitudes of married Ethiopian women toward wife beating. The dataset used consisted of 5,818 married women of the reproductive age group 15 to 49 years. While 1,393 (24%) married women did not oppose wife beating, a total of 4,425 (76%) opposed the practice. In the binary multiple logistic regression analysis, age, economic status, level of education, employment status of a woman, number of children living in the household, region (federal administrative regions delineated on the basis of ethnicity), place of residence (urban vs. rural), religion, and husband’s level of education have been included as possible socioeconomic and demographic determinants of women’s attitudes toward wife beating. The findings showed that the predictors region, place of residence, number of living children in a household, and religion were significantly associated with women attitudes toward wife beating.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, Risk Perceptions, and Practices of Spanish Adolescents Toward the COVID-19 Pandemic: Validation and Results of the Spanish Version of the Questionnaire

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Aguilar-Latorre ◽  
Ángela Asensio-Martínez ◽  
Olga García-Sanz ◽  
Bárbara Oliván-Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Financial Aid ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Associate Risk

Background: Adolescence is a period with physical, psychological, biological, intellectual, and social changes in which there is usually little perception of risk. COVID-19 has generated constant situations of change and uncertainty worldwide. During the pandemic, the acquisition of preventive behaviors has been relevant. Various studies carried out with adults associate risk perception and the implementation of preventive behaviors with knowledge about the COVID-19 and with age, but there are not many studies with adolescents. Therefore, the objective is to validate, in Spanish, the questionnaire of the knowledge, attitudes, risk perceptions, and practices of adolescents toward the pandemic, and analyze it according to sociodemographic characteristics.Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which included adolescents between the ages of 12–18 (n = 354). First, a translation and a back-translation of the questionnaire were performed. The questionnaire was presented in several high schools chosen by convenience sampling and following a non-probabilistic snowball sampling. Reliability and validity analyses were then carried out and the relationships between the different sociodemographic variables (gender, place of residence, level of education, if the person was in a sentimental relationship, and financial aid) were analyzed.Results: The reliability of the questionnaire is acceptable (ordinal alpha = 77%). Knowledge was higher in women, and in those with a higher level of education; and were lower in those who lived in smaller towns, as well as in those who had a member of their family receiving financial aid. In terms of attitudes and risk perceptions, younger adolescents had higher scores, and those who had a member of their family receiving financial aid, lower.Conclusion: The questionnaire is a reliable tool in the Spanish adolescent population. Knowledge was influenced by gender, place of residence, level of education, and financial aid. Attitudes and risk perceptions were influenced by age and financial aid. For practices, no predictors were found. In general, adolescents scored lower on knowledge about COVID-19, but they scored higher on COVID-19 safety practices.

scholarly journals Assessing Grief in Family Caregivers of Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder or Substance Use Disorder using the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory Short Form (MM-CGI-SF)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117822182097271
Author(s):  
DeAnne Priddis ◽  
Mary Beth Asbury
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Personal Sacrifice ◽  
Caregiver Grief

This study assessed grief in caregivers of family members with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and substance use disorder (SUD) using the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory Short Form (MM-CGI-SF). We used snowball sampling to recruit participants who had family members with AUD and SUD. The sample was comprised of 100 caregivers of family members with AUD and 75 caregivers of family members with SUD. The original MM-CFI-SF was modified by changing the wording to reflect those with AUD and SUD. The 18-item instrument consisted of 3 factors: personal sacrifice burden, sadness and longing, and worry and felt isolation. The professional care of caregivers with family members with AUD and SUD should be addressed by health professionals in the same manner as dementia caregivers. AUD and SUD caregivers may also downplay the distress, require social support, or have a common reaction to the stress and grief encountered. The correlations were moderate to strong and significant between each of the factors for both AUD and SUD caregiver scale.

scholarly journals Utilization of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives and Associated Factors Among Reproductive Age Women Attending Governmental Health Institutions for Family Planning Services in Wondo Genet District, Sidama, National Regional State, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 233339282110024
Author(s):  
Amelo Bolka Gujo ◽  
Assefa Philipos Kare
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Long Acting

Background: Utilization of family planning services improves women’s reproductive health outcomes. Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARCs) methods, in particular, prevent unwanted pregnancy and significantly reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. In Ethiopia utilization of LARCs was very low. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the utilization of LARCs and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Wondo Genet District, Southern Ethiopia. Method: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 May to 15 August 2020 among reproductive-age women. A systematic sampling method was applied to recruit 376 women and the sample size was allocated to health centers proportionally. Data collection was conducted by trained collectors using pretested and structured questionnaires. Data coded and entered into EPI Info 7 and the analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were done. Statistical significance was declared with P < 0.05. Result: The utilization of LARCs was 37.8% (95% CI: 32.9-42.7). The multivariable analysis showed that odds of the utilization of LARCs were increased among reproductive-aged ≥25 years (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.04, 4.41), gave birth to ≥3 live births (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.04), employed (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.14), earned high monthly income (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.26) and discussed contraceptive methods with their husbands (AOR = 2.87, CI: 1.68, 4.89]. Conclusions: Utilization of LARCs was low. The odds of the utilization of LARCs were increased in women aged ≥25 years, gave birth to 3 or more children, earned high monthly income, and discussed with their husbands about contraception methods.

Polygenic Scores Predict the Development of Alcohol and Nicotine Use Problems from Adolescence through Young Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Deak ◽  
D. Angus Clark ◽  
Mengzhen Liu ◽  
C. Emily Durbin ◽  
William G. Iacono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Discovery Sample ◽  
Polygenic Scores

Objective: Molecular genetic studies of alcohol and nicotine have identified many genome-wide loci. We examined the predictive utility of drinking and smoking polygenic scores (PGS) for alcohol and nicotine use from late childhood to early adulthood, substance-specific versus broader-liability PGS effects, and if PGS performance varied between consumption versus pathological use. Methods: Latent growth curve models with structured residuals were used to assess the predictive utility of drinks per week and regular smoking PGS for measures of alcohol and nicotine consumption and problematic use from age 14 to 34. PGSs were generated from the largest discovery sample for alcohol and nicotine use to date (i.e., GSCAN), and examined for associations with alcohol and nicotine use in the Minnesota Twin Family Study (N=3225).Results: The drinking PGS was a significant predictor of age 14 problematic alcohol use and increases in problematic use during young adulthood. The smoking PGS was a significant predictor for all nicotine use outcomes. After adjusting for the effects of both PGSs, the smoking PGS demonstrated incremental predictive utility for most alcohol use outcomes and remained a significant predictor of nicotine use trajectories. Conclusions: Higher PGS for drinking and smoking were associated with more problematic levels of substance use longitudinally. The smoking PGS seems to capture both nicotine-specific and non-specific genetic liability for substance use, and may index genetic risk for broader externalizing behavior. Validation of PGS within longitudinal designs may have important clinical implications should future studies support the clinical utility of PGS for substance use disorders.

Sleep Problems During the Preschool Years and Beyond as a Marker of Risk and Resilience in Substance Use

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Before And After

Individuals with alcohol problems have well-described disturbances of sleep, but the development of these disturbances both before and after the onset of problem drinking is poorly understood. This chapter first discusses sleep physiology and its measurement in humans. It then examines the functions of sleep and its role in development. Next, it reviews recent research on the relationship between sleep and alcohol use and related problems. Whereas sleep problems (e.g., difficulties falling or staying asleep) increase the risk of early onset of alcohol use and related problems, sleep rhythmicity promotes resilience to the development of alcohol use disorder and problem substance use. Based on existing research, this chapter proposes a theoretical model of sleep and alcohol use, highlighting the role of self-regulatory processes as mediators of this relationship.

scholarly journals The role of pubertal timing in the link between family history of alcohol use disorder and late adolescent substance use

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 107955
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Weigard ◽  
Jillian E. Hardee ◽  
Robert A. Zucker ◽  
Mary M. Heitzeg ◽  
Adriene M. Beltz
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
History Of

Predicting Different Types of Intimate Partner Aggression Perpetration: The Roles of Problem Alcohol Use and Distress Tolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199083
Author(s):  
Nora K. Kline ◽  
Korine B. Cabrera ◽  
Kathleen M. Palm Reed
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Problem Alcohol Use ◽  
Intimate Partner Aggression ◽  
Problem Alcohol ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

Intimate partner aggression (IPA) victimization and substance use have been well established as risk factors for IPA perpetration ( Leonard, 2005 ; Sprunger et al., 2015 ). Recent research has identified a negative association between distress tolerance and physical and psychological IPA perpetration, specifically in males in substance use treatment ( Shorey et al., 2017 ). Research examining the interplay of problem substance use, distress tolerance, and other forms of IPA (i.e., sexual coercion, controlling behaviors) in non-clinical samples is limited. The present analysis aimed to examine the potential moderating effect of distress tolerance on problem alcohol use and four types of IPA perpetration (physical assault, psychological aggression, sexual coercion, and controlling behaviors) in a diverse, national sample ( N = 323; 44.3% female; 52.9% sexual minority; age M = 33.61 years, SD = 8.71). Results showed that alcohol use and distress tolerance had differing influences on each IPA perpetration type. In line with hypotheses, distress tolerance significantly moderated the relationship between problem alcohol use and two forms of IPA (physical assault and controlling behaviors); this relationship was stronger for individuals with low levels of distress tolerance. Significant interaction effects did not emerge for psychological aggression or sexual coercion. Findings suggest that treatment strategies that focus specifically on increasing distress tolerance may be effective in reducing alcohol-facilitated IPA perpetration involving physical assault and controlling behaviors.

scholarly journals The Association between Sociocultural Factors and Substance Use among Haramaya University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117822182110045
Author(s):  
Zelalem Tadese Feyisa
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
University Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Khat Use

All the associated risk factors were not equally responsible for influencing individuals either in alcohol use, khat use, tobacco, or cannabis use. This study attempted to examine sociocultural factors influencing university students in substance use by comparing one with another. A cross-sectional study was carried out. The study used a quantitative approach to collect data from 384 students. Compared with their involvement in khat use, female students were positively influenced in cigarette and hashish use (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR = 1.102, 95% CI: 1.056, 1.149) and alcohol use (AOR = 1.066, 95% CI: 1.021, 1.113). The involvement of students in alcohol use (AOR = 0.884, 95% CI: 0.838, 0.932) and cigarettes and hashish use (AOR = 0.909, 95% CI: 0.866, 0.953) were negatively associated with stress related to their academic activities. The involvement of students in alcohol use (AOR = 0.942, 95% CI: 0.906, 0.979) was negatively associated with parental influences; involved in alcohol use (AOR = 0.445, 95% CI: 0.210, 0.941) was negatively associated with the thoughts of considering substances as an energizer. The involvement of students in alcohol use (AOR = 4.980, 95% CI: 1.614, 15.368) was positively associated with peer influences. It was, thus, suggested that the management of Haramaya University should work on creating awareness of the negative consequences of substance use. Concerned professionals, including sociologists, psychologists, and health workers, should work on raising students’ awareness as it was possible to undertake their studies without substance use. Moreover, the university management is strongly recommended to expand recreational centers within the campus. Lastly, Haramaya woreda administration should restrict the availability and accessibility of these substances around the campus.

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