scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Nodulating Rhizobia Collected from South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gedefaw Wubie ◽  
Mussa Adal
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Almost All

This study aimed at screening rhizobial isolates of chickpea and evaluating their symbiotic nitrogen fixation efficiency and tolerance to abiotic stresses. A total of 107 (100%) isolates were collected of which 52 (48.6%) were confirmed as chickpea rhizobia using preliminary tests. Among 52 (48.6%) isolates, 46 (88.5%) have induced nodulation on chickpea under greenhouse and were screened under in vitro conditions and 6 (11.5%) of them were discarded due to fail to nodulate. The greenhouse data showed the highest nodule number (68.67 plant−1), nodule dry weight (0.17 g plant−1), and shoot dry weight (0.81 g plant−1) were scored by plants inoculated with isolates WUCR 17, WUCR 1, and WUCR 66, respectively. Among authenticated isolates, 73.9%, 21.7%, and 4.3% were highly effective, effective, and lowly effective, respectively. The physiological test showed 15% of isolates tolerated 13% salt concentration and 10.9% of isolates grew at pH 4–10 range. All isolates grew at 20–35°C and 13% grew at maximum temperature (50°C). The isolates showed better resistance to the tested antibiotics at low concentration (2.5 μg/ml) but the majorities were sensitive at high concentration (10 μg/ml). Among the isolates, 13% tolerated all tested heavy metals but 48% were sensitive to mercury. Regarding the carbohydrate utilization test, 52.2% catabolized all the tested 11 carbon sources but 6.5% of them utilized only 63.6% carbon sources. Amino acid utilization showed isolates (85%) utilized D-alanine except WUCR (14, 25, 31, 34, 39, 59, and 76) and 76% of the isolates utilized arginine and phenylalanine and 74% utilized leucine as a nitrogen source. Of the isolates, 43.5% of them utilized both D-alanine and arginine as a nitrogen source. In almost all tests conducted, isolates WUCR 1 and 5 performed top and were recommended as potential candidates for microbial inoculants.

scholarly journals MODIFICAÇÕES NO MEIO DE CULTURA, FOTOPERÍODO E TEMPO DE CULTIVO AFETAM O ALONGAMENTO E ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DE BANANEIRA CV. PACOVAN

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro ◽  
Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto De Carvalho ◽  
Fabrina Bolzan Martins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves

No intuito de elevar as taxas de sobrevivência durante a etapa de aclimatização e posterior plantio a campo, avaliou-se o enraizamento in vitro de bananeira cv. Pacovan, em diferentes concentrações de sais MS e de sacarose. Utilizou-se DIC, esquema fatorial (6x2x3), com seis meios de cultura [sendo três concentrações de nutrientes do meio MS (100%; 50% de macronutrientes; e 50% dos sais macro e micronutrientes), e duas concentrações de sacarose (1,5/3,0%)], dois fotoperíodos (12/16 h) e três tempos de cultivo (21, 28 ou 35 dias) e seis repetições/tratamento. Analisaram-se: altura da planta, número de folhas/planta, massas frescas e secas das partes aérea e radicular. Para altura da planta, massa fresca da parte aérea e radicular, o meio MS 50% dos sais + sacarose (1,5%) com fotoperíodo de 16 h e tempo de cultivo de 35 dias foi satisfatório. Para massa seca da parte aérea foi MS 50% de sais + sacarose (3%), e para massa seca da parte radicular, MS 100% + sacarose (3%) (em 12hs/28 dias e 16hs/21 dias). Para o alongamento/enraizamento in vitro da bananeira cv. Pacovan sugere-se MS 50% de sais (macro e micronutrientes), redução ou manutenção de sacarose (1,5 ou 3%) em 16h/35 dias de cultivo.Palavra-chave: Musa spp., propagação in vitro, sistema radicular. CHANGES IN CULTURE MEDIUM, PHOTOPERIOD AND TIME OF CULTIVATION AFFECT THE IN VITRO ELONGATION AND ROOTING OF BANANA CV. PACOVAN ABSTRACT:In order to achieve high rates of survival during the acclimatization and later planting in the field, was evaluated the in vitro of banana cv. Pacovan plants under different concentrations of sucrose and MS basal salt mixture. The experiment was assembled in a DIC, in 6x2x3, six different culture media [three different MS salt mixture concentrations (100%; 50% of macronutrients; and 50% of macro/micronutrients) and two sucrose concentrations (1.5/3%)], two photoperiods (12/16 hours) and three cultivation times (21, 28 or 35 days). Each treatment was composed by 6 replicates. Plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, were analyzed. Satisfactory results for plant height and shoot and root fresh biomass were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%), 16 hours/35 days. The highest values of shoot dry weight were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%); the highest root dry weight was achieved with MS 100% + sucrose (3%) (12hs/28 and 16hs/21 days). The suggested medium for the in vitro elongation and rooting stage of banana cv. Pacovan is the MS with 50% of salts (macro and micronutrients), reduction or maintenance of sucrose (1.5 or 3%) in 16h/35 days of cultivation.Keywords: Musa spp., in vitro propagation, root system. DOI:

scholarly journals IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF YELLOW LAPACHO (BIGNONIACEAE) USING HIGH-POWER LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Enrique Larraburu ◽  
Gonzalo Sanchez Correa ◽  
Berta Elizabet Llorente
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
High Power ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Handroanthus ochraceus (yellow lapacho) is a medicinal, ornamental and timber tree which can be propagated by in vitro culture. Conventional methods use fluorescent lighting (FL), whereas light emitting diode (LED) has been used for this purpose only recently. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of FL and high-power LED (HP-LED) on the in vitro multiplication and rooting of yellow lapacho at different irradiances (15 to 60 µmol m-2s-1). Epicotyls obtained from half-siblings was multiplicated in WPM (Woody Plant Medium) supplemented with 20 µM benzilaminopurine and 1 mM IBA (indolebutiric acid). For rooting, shoots were cultured for 3 days in ½WPM supplemented with 50 µM IBA and for 42 days in auxin-free ½WPM under HP-LED or FL lighting. Under HP-LED, the multiplication rate of shoots increased significantly (61%) from 20 to 40 µmol m-2s-1 respect to FL. Differences in abaxial stomatal density and size were observed between light sources at 20 µmol m-2s-1. High HP-LED irradiance produced the highest rooting percentage. In the rooting stage, the marginal means of treatments without factors interaction showed that HP-LED irradiances significantly increased shoot length by 20%, shoot fresh weight by 77% and shoot dry weight by 30% in comparison to the values under FL. The maximum values calculated from the regression curves were around 50 µmol m-2 s-1 for HP-LED for all parameters except root lenght whereas were around 20 µmol m-2 s-1 for FL for all parameters except fresh and dry weigth of shoot. Here we show that HP-LED lighting improve in vitro culture of H. ochraceus, reduced 81% energy consumption respect to FL and uses only a multispectral LED instead of different single color LEDs. Therefore, HP-LED could be useful for the micropropagation of tree species contributing to sustainable agriculture and ecological restoration of degraded areas.

The assimilation of bicarbonate by Neocosmospora vasinfecta

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Budd
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
End Products ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Exogenous Nitrogen

The assimilation of 14C-bicarbonate under controlled conditions was examined in midlog-phase mycelium grown on dextrose as sole carbon source. Sustained assimilation depended on the presence of exogenous nitrogen and carbon sources. When these were provided, assimilation rates of 20–30 μmoles/hour per 100 mg dry weight were maintained for at least 4 hours. After the second hour, almost all of the assimilated bicarbonate-C entered the 80% ethanol-insoluble fraction. Amino acids, especially aspartic and glutamic, were the main destination of assimilated bicarbonate-C; nucleic acids and acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle accounted for smaller amounts of this carbon. The apparent Km for overall assimilation was 1.4 – 2.2 × 10−4 M with respect to bicarbonate.Assimilation was inhibited by inhibitors of protein synthesis, especially actidione and p-fluorophenylalanine. Evidence was obtained for regulation of assimilation by its end products, and also by the carbon source on which the mycelium was grown. It is concluded that assimilation of bicarbonate or CO2 has an anaplerotic function during protein synthesis in this organism.

scholarly journals Growth response of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) on saline and alfisol soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
M. Soedarjo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

As an archipelago country, Indonesia is surrounded by abundant saline soils which could be potential for growing food crops. The research work was conducted to study the growth responses of some pigeon pea genotypes on saline soils. The genotypes of Pigeon pea (LG Kidul, Mega, 90024, 91043 and 94028), as treatment, were grown on Alfisol soil (non-saline) and on saline soil. The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design and replicated three times. All data observed were analyzed by employing standard deviation from 3 replicates. The results of present research work revealed a significant growth retardation of pigeon pea when grown on saline soil. All growth parameters, plant height, plant diameter, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly lower on saline soil than on Alfisol soil. High concentration of Na+ was observed in roots, shoots and leaves of pigeon pea indicating growth retardation and toxicity symptoms of pigeon pea on saline soil was due to Na+.

scholarly journals Growth of Transplants and in Vitro-cultured Clones of Asparagus in Response to CO2 Enrichment and Supplemental Lighting

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Desjardins ◽  
André Gosselin ◽  
Michel Lamarre
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Supplemental Lighting

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) transplants and in vitro-cultured clones were grown and acclimatized under two photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) conditions (ambient and ambient + 80 μmol·s-1·m-2) and three atmospheric CO2 concentrations (330, 900, and 1500 ppm). Short- and long-term effects were measured in the greenhouse and after two seasons of growth in the field, respectively. In the greenhouse, CO2 enrichment (CE) and supplemental lighting (SL) increased root and fern dry weight by 196% and 336%, respectively, for transplants and by 335% and 229%, respectively, for clones. For these characteristics, a significant interaction was observed between SL and CE with tissue-cultured plantlets. In the absence of SL, CE did not significantly increase root or shoot dry weight. No interaction was observed between CE and SL for transplants, although these factors significantly improved growth. It was possible to reduce the nursery period by as much as 3 weeks with CE and SL and still obtain a plant size comparable to that of the control at the end of the experiment. Long-term effects of SL were observed after two seasons of growth in the field. Supplemental lighting improved survival of transplants and was particularly beneficial to in vitro plants. Clones grown under SL were of similar size as transplants after 2 years in the field.

scholarly journals In Vitro Brassica Genotypes Growth Evaluation against NaCl Salt Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Imdad Ali Mahmood ◽  
Armghan Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Suhaib ◽  
Syed Ishtiaq Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Growth Evaluation ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Hydroponic Study

A hydroponic study was conducted to see the performance of fifteen Brassica genotypes (BARD-I, Sultan Raya, 19-H, Shiralle, Dunkled, 85-508, Toria, 85-499, BSA, 85-397, 85-500, 85-497, 85-5001, CON-I, and Jewel) for their salt tolerance. Four levels of NaCl (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM/L) were developed. One week old two healthy seedlings of each Brassica genotypes were transplanted in holes of thermopole sheet floating over a 200 mL capacity container having half strength Hoagland solution. Increasing the NaCl salinity significantly reduced the shoot and root dry weight of all Brassica genotypes. On an average, about 47% reduction in shoot dry weight was observed under higher salinity level (90 mM/NaCl). Although, all the genotypes differed among themselves in ability to tolerate salinity however, ranking order of genotypes showed that Sultan Raya performed well followed by BARD-I than rest of the genotypes. Genotype 85-500 produced comparatively the least shoot and root dry weights and accumulated more Na+, less K+ and Ca+2 than rest of the genotypes. The reverse was true for Sultan Raya and BARD-I. The farmers could be benefitted through growing the selected comparatively more tolerant genotypes which could grow and survive under salt stress conditions rather than complete crop failure.

scholarly journals Screening of indigenous rhizobacteria as potential biological control against faba bean (Vicia faba L.) gall disease caused by Olpidium viciae

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Dugassa ◽  
Tesfaye Alemu ◽  
Yitbarek Woldehawariat
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Background Emerged faba bean gall disease attacks the stem and leaves of the plant and results in complete crop losses. This study was initiated to screen multi-trait rhizobacteria for their antagonistic efficacy under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions against Olpidium viciae to control the effect of gall disease on faba bean. Sixty antagonistic isolates were first examined for their morphological, biochemical, and phenotypic traits. Results Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62, P. aeruginosa AAUS31, Bacillus AAUMF42, and Bacillus AAUAm28 showed greater than 68, 62, 57, and 54% suppression of O. viciae in dual culture, volatile metabolites, culture filtrate assay, and detached leaves experiments, respectively. The in-vivo study revealed that early treatment of the crop with P. aeruginosa AAUS31 reduced severity by 63% (in FB-Obse) and 54% (in FB-26869) faba bean varieties. The co-inoculation of P. fluorescens AAUPF62 and P. aeruginosa AAUS31 significantly enhanced the shoot (P = 0.003; mean = 122 cm) and root (P = 0.018; mean = 94 cm) length, increased shoot dry weight by 8 factors (83 g pot −1), and reduced final disease severity by 92% in FB-Obse variety. Conclusions The results revealed that P. fluorescens AAUPF62 and P. aeruginosa AAUS31 strains could be the potential antagonistic agents of gall disease. The use and early treatment of moderately resistant faba bean varieties by co-inoculation of synergistic potential bioagents were recommended.

scholarly journals In Vitro Screening of Soybean Genotypes under Salinity Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
K.M. Nasiruddin ◽  
M. Al-Amin ◽  
A.K.M.S. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Salinity is one of the most limiting factors for successful crop production in in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Thirty eight soybean genotypes were screened at 8mMNaCl under in vitro condition. Salinity reduced Shoot dry weight, Root dry weight and Plant height. Salt susceptibility index was fully and positive correlated with percent reduction of total dry weight. Principal component analysis showed that the first two components were extracted that comprises of about 98.6% of the total variation in the genotypes. Based on the K-means clustering, 8, 6, 12 and 12 genotypes were categorized under cluster II, IV, III and I and considered as tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible and susceptible which represents the 21, 16, 31.5 and 31.5%, respectively. Genotypes Shohag, AGS 313, PK 416, AGS 66, MACS 57, AGS 195, GC 308, AGS 129 were found relatively tolerant to salinity.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 207-212

scholarly journals Gene–Phenotype Associations Involving Human-Residential Bifidobacteria (HRB) Reveal Significant Species- and Strain-Specificity in Carbohydrate Catabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Shijie Liu ◽  
Zhifeng Fang ◽  
Hongchao Wang ◽  
Qixiao Zhai ◽  
Feng Hang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Strain Specificity ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Bifidobacterium Species ◽  
Large Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All

Bifidobacteria are among the first colonizers of the human gastrointestinal tract. Different bacterial species use different mechanisms for utilization of various carbon sources in order to establish themselves in the complex microbial ecosystem of the gut. However, these mechanisms still need to be explored. Here, a large gene–phenotype correlation analysis was carried out to explore the metabolic and genetic diversity of bifidobacterial carbohydrate utilization abilities. In this study, we used 21 different carbohydrates to determine the growth phenotypes, the distribution of glycoside hydrolases (GHs), and gene clusters related to the utilization of multiple carbon sources in six human-residential Bifidobacterium species. Five carbohydrates significantly stimulated growth of almost all strains, while the remaining sugars exhibited species- and strain-specificity. Correspondingly, different Bifidobacterium species also had specific GHs involved in fermentation of plant or host glycans. Moreover, we analyzed several carbohydrate utilization gene clusters, such as 2-fucosyllactose (2′FL), sialic acid (SA), and fructooligosaccharide (FOS). In summary, by using 217 bifidobacterial strains and a wide range of growth substrates, our research revealed inter- and intra-species differences in bifidobacterial in terms of carbohydrate utilization. The findings of this study are useful for the process of developing prebiotics for optimum growth of probiotics, especially Bifidobacterium species.

Phytotoxicity of 2,4-D and 2,4-Dichlorophenol to Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Taylor ◽  
D. G. Shilling ◽  
K. H. Quesenberry ◽  
G. R. Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plant Level

Whole plant and tissue culture experiments were conducted to determine the difference in phytotoxicity of 2,4-D and its metabolite, 2,4-DCP, to red clover. At the whole plant level, the mean concentration of 2,4-DCP (10 mM) required to cause 50% growth inhibition (I50) of shoot dry weight was 24 times greater than for 2,4-D (0.42 mM). Using callus tissue, the I50value for 2,4-DCP (0.28 mM) was 22 times greater than for 2,4-D (0.013 mM) based on dry weights. The callus tissue was 36 and 32 times more sensitive to 2,4-DCP and 2,4-D than shoot tissue based on dry weights, respectively. These data indicate that 2,4-DCP was less phytotoxic than 2,4-D to red clover both in vitro and in vivo.

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