scholarly journals Feeding Preference and Habitat Association of Defassa Waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa) in Nechisar National Park, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gatriay Tut Deng ◽  
Birtukan Tsegaye Demisse
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated feeding preference and habitat association of waterbucks in Nechisar National Park from November 2016 to August 2017 by total count and direct observation methods. From this survey, 20 plant species were observed to be the food items consumed by waterbucks. Waterbucks were mostly grazers than browser. The plant species consumed by waterbucks was highly significant between seasons (χ2 = 121.34, df = 1, p < 0.05 ). Out of 20 total plant species consumed, annual grass (11.5%), Leersia virginica (8.4%), and Cynodon dactylon (8.4%) were the most frequently consumed food items, but Tamarindus indica (2.9%), Balanites aegyptica (3.3%), and Acacia polycantha (2.36%) were the least consumed food items. There was significant difference between plant species consumed during both seasons (χ2 = 177.67, df = 19, p < 0.05 ). The Shannon–Wiener diversity index result revealed that there were different varieties of food items for waterbucks in dry season (H’ = 2.9) than in wet season (H’ = 2.6). Young leaves comprised the largest proportion of plant parts consumed by waterbucks compared to others. There was a highly significant difference in feeding plant parts in both seasons (χ2 = 88.5, df = 7, p < 0.05 ). Waterbucks spent more time on feeding in the morning and late afternoon during both seasons. The total number of waterbucks in each habitat varied due to food availability in different seasons. Different conservation measures should be taken against waterbuck reduction and create appropriate environment for waterbuck.

scholarly journals Changes in homestead biodiversity with modernization in the rural areas of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Baten ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
SM Afroz ◽  
K Naher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family

A study was carried out at selected villages in Gazipur district of Bangladesh during 2008- 2009 with a view to assess the changes in homestead biodiversity with degree of modernization in the rural areas. Three villages were selected purposively considering their degree of modernization e.g. traditional, semi-modern and modern village and biodiversity at 40 randomly selected homesteads from each of the three villages were studied. Species richness, interspecies diversity (Shannon-Wiener diversity index) and species evenness were considered for measuring the biodiversity. A total of 188 plant species belonging to 75 different families were identified in the homesteads of three study villages. The highest proportion (11%) of species found under the family Gramineae followed by Cucurbitaceae (6%), Compositae (5%), Solanaceae (5%), Leguminosae (4%), Amaranthaceae (4%), Rutaceae (3%), Euphorbiaceae (3%), Convolvulaceae (3%), and Cyperaceae (3%) and so on. Among the 188 plant species, 15% fruits species, 9% timber, 11% ornamental and medicinal, 14% vegetables, 4% spices and 47% weed species. The highest number (172) of species was found in traditional village and the lowest (126) in the modern village. Diversity index (H) value for traditional village (1.652) was statistically similar to semi-modern village (1.373) but significantly higher (t = 2.47*) than that of modern village (1.029). So, it can be said that plant biodiversity is decreasing with increase in modernization and/or urbanization. The diversity (H) decreased with decrease in farm size, in other words, species diversity increased with increase in farm size but there was no significant difference among the farm categories in this regard. The total evenness values against the three villages (0.741, 0.630 and 0.491 in Bhawal Gazipur, Hatiyabo and Mariali, respectively) indicate that the abundance of different species was very dissimilar and decreased with increase in modernization.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 32-37, June, 2017

scholarly journals Food preferences of oribi Ourebia ourebi in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.K. Reilly ◽  
G.K. Theron ◽  
J. Du P. Bothma
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Preference Rating ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Actual Preference

During a two-year study on the ecology of oribi Ourebia ourebi (Zimmermann, 1783) in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park, plant species fed on by oribi were noted. The oribi fed on a total of 22 plant species. Feeding preference categories were assigned according to the degree of use of different plant species, based on direct observation and on a preference rating. The oribi in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park showed a seasonal variation in feeding preferences, utilising several species of forbs primarily during the summer and a marked dif-ference between per cent frequency utilisation of plant species and actual preference rating according to availability of species and for certain plant parts, e.g. for Sporobolus centrifugus.

scholarly journals Pollen Analysis of Honey from Borana Zone of Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Tura Bareke ◽  
Admassu Addi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Dominant Plant Species ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Borana Zone

AbstractNineteen samples of honey were collected from different localities of the Borana Zone and examined to identify the botanical origin of honey through honey pollen analysis. From nineteen honey samples, sixteen were identified as monofloral honeys. Twentyeight plant species were identified as honey source plants and the identified plant species belonged to fourteen plant families. Out of twenty-eight bee plant species, 17.9% of them were found in the Fabaceae family followed by Asteraceae and Lamiaceae, each of them accounting for 14.3% of all honey plants species found in the samples. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) showed that high diversity of plant species was found in eleven honey samples with a range of 1.07 (Bule Hora site 1) to 1.81 (Yabello site 2) on the basis of honey pollen analysis. Eight honey samples had lower diversity index values, ranging from 0 (Arero site 2 and Bule Hora site 3) to 0.84 (Gelana site1), which suggests the honey was obtained from a few dominant plant species. Accordingly, Guizotia scabra, Haplocoelum foliolosum, Plectranthus assurgens, Terminalia brownii, Sesamum indicum, Satureja paradoxa, Croton macrostachyus and Acacia brevispica were the major monofloral honeys produced from the area. This indicates that there is a huge potential for the production of monofloral honey. Since monofloral honey has a good market value and is preferred by consumers, the involvement of investors is recommended.

scholarly journals Effects of Ecological Restoration Using Non-Native Mangrove Kandelia obovata to Replace Invasive Spartina alterniflora on Intertidal Macrobenthos Community in Maoyan Island (Zhejiang, China)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Qiuxuan Wang ◽  
Carlos Duarte ◽  
Li Song ◽  
George Christakos ◽  
Susana Agusti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Kandelia Obovata ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Average Biomass

Spartina alterniflora has extensively invaded the coastline of China, including in Maoyan Island of Zhejiang Province. Ecological restoration has been conducted using non-native mangrove Kandelia obovata to replace S. alterniflora in an attempt to restore the impacted intertidal zones. To illustrate the ecological effectiveness of the restoration projects, macrobenthos communities were studied among different habitats within the restored areas, including one non-restored S. alterniflora marsh (SA) and three differently-aged restored K. obovata stands planted in 2003, 2009, and 2011 respectively (KF14, KF8, and KF6). Besides, one unvegetated mudflat (MF) adjacent to the non-restored S. alterniflora marsh and one K. obovata forest transplanted in 2006 (RKF) at a previously barren mudflat without invasion history of S. alterniflora were set as reference sites. A total of 69 species of macrobenthos were collected from Maoyan Island, and the species richness was dominated by gastropoda (23 species), polychaeta (18 species), and malacostraca (16 species). There was no significant difference between the six sites in terms of the abundance of macrobenthos, with the average values of abundance peaking in KF6 (734.7 ind m−2) and being lowest in RKF (341.3 ind m−2). The six sites had significant differences in terms of the biomass of macrobenthos. The KF8 site contained the highest average biomass (168.3 g m−2), whereas the MF site had the lowest (54.3 g m−2). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index of the macrobenthos did not exhibit significant differences among the six sites. However, the results of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed significant spatial differences in the macrobenthos community structure between the sites. Since KF14 shared a similar macrobenthos community structure with RKF, while representing a strikingly different structure from SA, we infer that ecological restoration using K. obovata can restore the macrobenthos community to resemble to a normally planted K. obovata forest about 15 years after restoration.

scholarly journals Effects of grazing on plant species diversity and above ground biomass in a Trans- Himalayan Rangeland

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pokharel ◽  
Madhu Chhetri ◽  
Chiranjibi P Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Grazing Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Palatable Species

Limited information is available on the species composition, above ground biomass and its relations to grazing in a trans-Himalayan rangeland. Its assessment is essential for long term conservation and management. In the present study, we compared species composition, phenology, diversity index and biomass between controlled (without grazing) and open (free grazing) plots to assess the effects of grazing in the selected experimental sites of Upper Mustang during July and November 2005. Species encountered were classified as high, medium, low and non palatable and in three life form categories-grasses, shrubs and forbs. The experimental sites are dominated by forbs (80%) followed by grasses (15%) and shrubs (5%). Disturbance caused by grazing affects the phenological characteristics of the plant community. Result also reveals that species diversity, maximum possible diversity, evenness and species richness was higher in the grazed plots during July and November. A comparison of the aboveground biomass in July showed that mean percentage biomass of high, medium and low palatable species is higher in ungrazed plots. In November, the percentage biomass of only medium palatable species was higher in ungrazed plots and rest of the category is higher in grazed plots. Significant difference in July, a peak growing seasons for most of the plant species in the region reveals that the pasture has impact of livestock grazing. Keywords: Biomass, diversity, grazing effect, rangeland, species Banko Janakari: A journal of forestry information for Nepal Vol.17(1) 2007 pp.25-31

scholarly journals Vegetation structure and floristic composition of tree species in the habitat of Scaphium macropodum in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIDA SUSILOWATI ◽  
DENI ELFIATI ◽  
HENTI HENDALSTUTI RACHMAT ◽  
KUSUMADEWI SRI YULITA ◽  
ADI NURUL HADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Abstract. Susilowati A, Elfiati D, Rachmat HH, Yulita KS, Hadi AN, Kusuma YS, Batu SAL. 2020. Vegetation structure and floristic composition of tree species in the habitat of Scaphium macropodum in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3025-3033. Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee Ex K Heyne is a member of Malvaceae tree species and globally recognized as malva nut and locally known as ‘kembang semangkok’, ‘tempayang’, ‘merpayang’ or ‘kepayang’. The nut of S. macropodum has many benefits for medicinal purposes, yet destructive extraction of this tree species has led them to extinction. Among its natural distribution in Indonesia, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia is known as its original range, but there is limited information about the existence of this species. This study aimed to determine the vegetation structure of some tree species in the habitat of S. macropodum in Sikundur, Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Purposive sampling technique was employed by creating line transect at some forest areas where the population of S. macropodum is known to grow naturally. Four line transects with each transect consisting of five plots with nested plots within were established to record data at four growth stages, resulting in 80 plots in total. The results showed that the Important Value Index (IVI) of S. macropodum within the floristic community at the studied area was 21.98, 13.85, 27.30, and 39.60 for tree, pole, sapling, and seedlings stages, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H) were 3.80, 3.70, 3.06 and 2.45, Index of evenness (E) are 0.94, 0.92, 0.86, 0.77 and the Index of Richness (R) are 11.76, 10.73, 6.59, 4.10 for tree, pole, sapling, and seedlings stages. This result suggests that the natural population of S. macropodum in Sikundur forest was still in good condition at all stages from tree to seedling.

Diversity of Mangrove Plant for Support Ecotourism Activities in Nature Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan, Pejarakan Buleleng-Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
I Ketut GINANTRA ◽  
Ida Bagus Made SUASKARA ◽  
Martin JONI
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Mangrove Plants ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Mangrove Zonation

This study aims to identify the species of mangrove constituents and determine the zonation of the growing community of mangrove plants from the seaward to the landward zone, of the Nature Conservation Forum (NCF) Putri Menjangan coastal Pejarakan village Buleleng from July to October 2017. Identification of mangrove plant species based on the following characteristics: habitus, root type, fruit shape, inflorescence, leaf shape and leaf arangement. Zoning of mangrove grown is determined from vegetation analysis conducted in 3 zones (front zone, middle zone and back zone) with quadrat method, the area of each square is 20 m x 20 m. Parameters specified in each kwadrat are the density, dominance and frequency of presence of each species. Zoning of mangrove community is determined based on the important value of mangrove plant species. The diversity of the mangrove community is calculated by the Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index. The results of the study identified 13 species of true mangrove plants (mangrove) and 14 mangrove mangrove associates. The dominant species are Sonneratia alba (important value / iv is 98.19), Lumnitzera racemosa (iv. is 40.75), Rhizophora apiculata (iv.is 35.53), Rhizophora mucronata (iv. 33.02), Ceriops decandra (iv.23.61) and Avicennia marina (iv. 22.22). The diversity index of mangrove species (H) is 2.07, then it is considered good. The pattern of growing mangrove plants in coastal Pejarakan Buleleng, in general follow the natural pattern of mangrove zonation. Typical characteristics and patterns of growing mangrove zonation become interesting attractions and reference for mangrove area managers in ecotourism development and efforts to conserve mangrove forests.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman dan Kemerataan Spesies Anggota Ordo Anura di Lereng Selatan Gunung Merapi Tahun 2012

Biosfera ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Donan Satria Yudha ◽  
Yonathan Yonathan ◽  
Rury Eprilurahman ◽  
Septiana Indriawan ◽  
Eka Cahyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Evenness Index

Merapi volcano as one of national park is an ecotourism site which is very potential to visit. Information about species diversity for a national park is very important especially if its area fluctuated susceptibly. Two years after 2010 Merapi eruption, there are no research about species diversity and evenness of Anuran in that place. The research is carried out during June-November 2012 which is dry season. The objective of this research is to study the species diversity and evenness of Anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi. The research is carried out in 6 locations; those are Kali Kuning, Telogo Muncar, Telogo Nirmolo, Petak Pitu, Bukit Turgo, and Bukit Plawangan. We used Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method combined with transect in Kali Kuning, Telogo Muncar, and Petak Pitu. VES method combined with time search in Telogo Nirmolo and Bukit Turgo. VES method combined with track exploration in Bukit Plawangan. Species diversity is analyzed with Shanon-Wiener diversity index. Species evenness is analyzed with Pielou evenness index. Total individuals each species is counted to know species abundance. Species diversity of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is consisted of 12 species’ which is distributed in 6 locations. The highest diversity and evenness of anuran is at Bukit Turgo (H’=1.31; E=0.94). The lowest diversity and evenness of anuran is at Petak Pitu (H’=0.49; E=0.3). Species diversity of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is low (Bukit Turgo and Kali Kuning) and very low (Bukit Plawangan, Telogo Muncar, Telogo Nirmolo, and Petak Pitu). Species evenness of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is stable (Telogo Nirmolo and Bukit Turgo), still labil (Bukit Plawangan, Kali Kuning, and Telogo Muncar), and oppressed (Petak Pitu).

scholarly journals Short Communication: Agricultural biodiversity and economic productivity of the yards in Arguni Bawah, Kaimana District, West Papua Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020-1026
Author(s):  
ALFRED ALFONSO ANTOH ◽  
NURHAYATI HS ARIFIN ◽  
M A CHOZIN ◽  
HADI SUSILO ARIFIN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Agricultural Biodiversity ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Functional Types Of Plants ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract. Antoh AA, Arifin NHS, Chozin MA, Arifin HS. 2019. Agricultural biodiversity and economic productivity of the yards in Arguni Bawah, Kaimana District, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1020-1026. Papua Island, Indonesia has abundance of agricultural biological resources. This is reflected in a variety of agricultural products in different parts of the area and in the use of yards, which is not fully utilized. This study was aimed at mapping the agricultural biodiversity of the yards, as well as measuring their economic productivity. The study area was Arguni Bawah Sub-district, Kaimana District, West Papua Province, Indonesia, and the study was conducted from November 2017 to March 2018. The average number of plant species recorded from yards were 13, number of individuals being 72 in an average yard size of 696 m2. The smallest yard was 231 m2 with only three species and 4 individuals. The maximum number of species found were 26 with 267 individuals. The maximum size of yards studied was 3,000 m2. There are five functional types of plants with high density and SDR, there are the species producing starch (taro and banana), vegetables (gedi and spinach), fruits (banana) and ornamentals, among others. The Shanon-Wiener diversity index (H´) ranged from 1.8 to 2.5, indicating that the biodiversity of plant species in the yards may be interpreted as abundant or moderate. The evaluation of economic productivity showed that average cash income received by households from yards was Rp.7,693,000.

scholarly journals Health assessment of important tributaries of Three Georges Reservoir based on the benthic index of biotic integrity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongfeng Li ◽  
Bo Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Fair Poor

Abstract China’s Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is the largest water conservancy project in the world, and plays a significant role in flood control and water transport. To study the health status of the tributaries of TGR, we set up 175 sampling sites, including 15 reference sites and 160 impaired sites on 36 important tributaries of TGR, and collected zoobenthos at these sampling sites. We selected 26 candidate metrics, analyzed them in terms of the distribution range, discriminant ability and correlation. Eight core metrics (i.e., total taxa, ephemerida + trichoptera + plecoptera taxa, diptera taxa, ephemerida%, trichoptera%, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, dominant species% and filter%) were identified, and then the benthic indexes of biological integrity (B-IBI) was established. The B-IBI was then used to evaluate the ecological status of 36 tributaries of TGR. Among all the sampling sites, “excellent”, “good”, “fair”, “poor” and “very poor” accounted for 5.14%, 13.14%, 28.00%, 44.57%, and 9.14%, respectively. Among all streams and rivers, “excellent”, “good” “fair”, “poor” and “very poor” accounted for 5.56%, 41.67%, 50.00%, 2.78%, and 0%, respectively, showing a general good condition for all tributaries. There was a significant difference in health status between tributaries in the TGR dam and those in its upper reaches. The B-IBI established in this study can capture the health status of 36 important tributaries of TGR. This study does not only enrich the practice of health assessment using B-IBI, but also provides some reference for the evaluation of similar rivers across the world.

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