scholarly journals The Efficacy of Moxibustion on the Serum Levels of CXCL1 and β-EP in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Siyu Tao ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Chenxi Liao ◽  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
Pain Symptoms

Objective. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of moxibustion on joint swelling and pain and the levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), β-endorphin (β-EP) in serum of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanism of moxibustion on improving RA. Methods. Sixty-eight patients with RA were randomly and equally classified into the control and treatment groups. The control group was treated with routine drug therapy, while the treatment group received routine drug therapy and moxibustion. Both groups were treated for eight weeks. The symptoms and laboratory indicators of RA patients were compared in the two groups before and after intervention. Results. Sixty-one patients completed the study: four patients dropped out from the treatment group and three from the control group. Trial endpoints were change (∆) in symptoms, measured by Ritchie’s articular index (RAI), swollen joint count (SJC), and laboratory indicators, measured by the level of CXCL1, β-EP, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). ∆RAI, ∆SJC, ∆CXCL1, ∆β-EP, ∆TNF-α, and ∆IL-1β in the treatment group were superior to the control group (13.50 [14.50] versus 6.00 [13.00] in ∆RAI, 4.00 [3.00] versus 2.00 [4.00] in ∆SJC, 0.04 ± 0.79 ng/mL versus -0.01 ± 0.86 ng/mL in ∆CXCL1, -2.43 [5.52] pg/mg versus -0.04 [4.09] pg/mg in ∆β-EP, 3.45 [5.90] pg/mL versus 1.55 [8.29] pg/mL in ∆TNF-α, and 6.15 ± 8.65 pg/mL versus 1.28 ± 8.51 pg/mL in ∆IL-1β; all P  < 0.05). Conclusion. Moxibustion can improve the joint swelling and pain symptoms in patients with RA, which may be related to the fact that moxibustion can reduce the release of inflammatory factors in patients with RA and downregulate the level of CXCL1 and increase the level of β-EP at the same time. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IOR-17012282.

scholarly journals Effect of Moxibustion on β-EP and Dyn Levels of Pain-Related Indicators in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yingni Wang ◽  
Siyu Tao ◽  
Zeyun Yu ◽  
Yun Luo ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immunodeficiency disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage destruction, resulting in joint malformations and function decline. Objective. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of moxibustion on clinical symptoms and levels of pain-related indicators beta-endorphin (β-EP) and dynorphin (Dyn) in patients with RA and to explore the potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms of moxibustion in RA treatment. Methods. A total of 64 patients with RA who met the inclusion criteria were randomly and equally classified into the control and treatment groups. The control group received conventional treatment (oral methotrexate, folate, or leflunomide prescribed for a long time). The treatment group was treated with moxibustion at ST36 (Zusanli), BL23 (Shenshu), and Ashi points with respect to the control group. Patients’ clinical symptoms and routine inspection indexes (rheumatoid factor [RF], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], and C-reactive protein [CRP]) were recorded before and after treatment. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), β-EP, and Dyn were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The software SPSS24.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results. (1) Compared with the pretreatment result, both of the two groups’ clinical symptoms and routine inspection indexes (RF, ESR, and CRP) improved ( P  < 0.05), and the improvement of clinical symptoms in the treatment group outperformed that in the control group ( P  < 0.05). (2) TNF-α and IL-1β levels decreased significantly in the treatment group after treatment ( P  < 0.01), while no significant difference was observed in the control group ( P  > 0.05). (3) β-EP and Dyn levels in the treatment group were significantly increased after treatment ( P  < 0.01, P  < 0.01), but the control group showed no significant difference ( P  > 0.05, P  > 0.05). It is worth mentioning that the serum TNF-α, IL-1β, β-EP, and Dyn levels between the two groups were significantly different after 8 weeks of treatment ( P  < 0.05). (4) Differences in the serum β-EP and Dyn levels in the patients of the treatment group were correlated with TNF-α and IL-1β levels after treatment, and the correlation was mainly negative (r < 0). Conclusion. Moxibustion can improve joint pain in patients with RA using conventional western medicine. One of the mechanisms may affect the serum β-EP and Dyn levels by downregulating the inflammatory factors to play an anti-inflammatory and analgesic role.

scholarly journals Effect of Moxibustion on HIF-1α and VEGF Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Gong ◽  
Zeyun Yu ◽  
Yingni Wang ◽  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Yumei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Before And After

Background. Moxibustion has a therapeutic effect of reducing swelling and relieving pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but its mechanism is uncertain. Objective. To evaluate the effect of moxibustion on serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with RA and to explore the possible mechanism of moxibustion. Methods. This study involved 46 RA patients who had fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to a treatment group and a control group in an equal ratio. The control group was treated with methotrexate or leflunomide, while the treatment group received methotrexate or leflunomide and moxibustion at ST 36 (Zusanli), BL 23 (Shenshu), and Ashi points. Patients’ clinical symptoms, RA-associated serum markers, and serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, HIF-1α, and VEGF were compared in the two groups before and after intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Results. 37 of 46 RA patients eventually completed the whole treatment course. Compared with the control group, the treatment group significantly improved the clinical symptoms (P<0.05) but with no significant differences in RA-associated serum markers (P>0.05). There were significant differences in TNF-α and IL-1β among the groups after 8 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). HIF-1α and VEGF were decreased in the treatment group after therapy (P<0.05). VEGF was reduced in the control group (P<0.05), while HIF-1α was not significantly improved (P>0.05). The reductions of HIF-1α and VEGF in the treatment group were superior to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions. Moxibustion enhanced the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of conventional medicine and can enhance the effect of conventional medicine, downregulating HIF-1α/VEGF contents to inhibit angiogenesis.

scholarly journals Clinical effect of Changweishu on gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052091957
Author(s):  
Fen-Qiao Chen ◽  
Wen-Zhong Xu ◽  
Hai-Yun Gao ◽  
Li-Juan Wu ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽  
Tnf Α

Objective To investigate Changweishu’s clinical effect on gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with sepsis. Methods Fifty patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction and sepsis were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The control group patients received routine Western medicine treatments (meropenem, noradrenaline, glutamine glue, Bifidobacterium lactis triple-strain tablet), and the treatment group patients received routine Western medicine treatment combined with Changweishu. Treatments in both groups lasted 7 days. Changes in APACHE II score, gastrointestinal dysfunction score, serum levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid, inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1)), and the incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and mortality were observed. Results After treatment, APACHE II score, gastrointestinal dysfunction score, and DAO, D-lactic acid, TNF-α, IL-6, and HMGB-1 levels decreased significantly in both groups, but the decrease was more significant in the treatment group than in the control group. The incidence of MODS and mortality were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusion The addition of Changweishu to routine Western treatments can improve gastrointestinal function in patients with sepsis and gastrointestinal dysfunction, as well as decreasing the incidence of MODS and mortality and improving patient prognosis.

CHANGES THE CYTOKINE PROFILE AND CALCIUM-REGULATING HORMONES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 673-676
Author(s):  
Asmaya Saftar Huseynova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
High Production ◽  
Serological Variant

The aim was to study the level of some cytokines (İL-2, İL-6, İL-8 TNFα) and calcium regulating hormones (calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, 25 (OH) D) in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) depending on rheumatoid factor (RF) and the assessment of the role of the revealed violations in the pathogenesis of bone loss in this pathology. For this purpose, 74 patients with RA (59 women, 15 men) aged from 27 to 71 were examined. On the basis of RF in the blood serum, the patients were divided into 2 groups: seronegative and seropositive RA. The control group included 16 healthy individuals (13 women, 3 men). The results obtained that the serological variant of RA affects the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and calcium-regulating hormones: more pronounced changes were found in seropositive RA. The high production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and parathyroid hormone detected in both groups of patients undoubtedly contributes to the mechanisms of bone loss in RA. In both groups we detected hypovitaminosis D. This results recommended to use this vitamin in the complex treatment of RA.

scholarly journals A Randomized Control Trial Study to Determine the Effect of Melatonin on Serum Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Yosefifard ◽  
Gholamhassan Vaezi ◽  
Ali Akbar Malekirad ◽  
Fardin Faraji ◽  
Vida Hojati
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease that happens at a young age. MS is an inflammatory disease; associated with the demyelination of the central nervous system. Therefore, some inflammatory factors are effective in the mechanism and progression of the disease. Melatonin, as a multi-effect substance including anti-inflammatory effects, can reduce symptoms of MS in patients with a change in their inflammatory factors level. In this study, 50 MS patients who were referred to the MS Society of Markazi Province were randomly selected. All patients were treated with routine MS treatment (interferon) and were divided into control (25 placebo recipients) and treatment (25 recipients of 3 mg melatonin per day for 24 weeks) groups. Anthropometric data of patients including height, weight, and age were determined. Blood samples were collected after fasting in order to determine serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Then, samples were immediately centrifuged for serum separation and sera were transferred to a freezer at -80°C and serum levels of these factors were determined; using ELISA kit. The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups in terms of serum levels of TNF-α. However, the level of IL-1β was significantly reduced in the treatment group compared to the control group, indicating that melatonin decreases this inflammatory substance. Our findings suggest a valuable strategy in the treatment of patients who suffer from MS

Significance of Expression of miR-365, Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein and Inflammatory Factors in Knee Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1065-1069
Author(s):  
Ren Lin ◽  
Jinglai Xue ◽  
Junqin Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Gender

This study is to investigate the high expression of miR-365, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and inflammatory factors in knee osteoarthritis and their correlation with disease activity. The 94 patients with knee osteoarthritis were selected as the observation group. Controls were 94 healthy people matched according to the age and gender of the observation group. The expression levels of blood miR-365, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and the inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α were compared between two groups and correlations between these indicators and Lysholm knee scores were determined. The serum levels of miR-365, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in osteoarthritis patients exceeded those in the normal control group (P < 0 05), and miR-365 was positively correlated with cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0 05). In addition, the positive correlation was found between the Lysholm osteoarthritis score and the above factors (P < 0 05). Finally, logistic analysis of elevated peripheral blood miR-365 and COMP is an independent risk factor for osteoarthritis. MiR-365, COMP and inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α are highly expressed in knee osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Analgesic effect of flurbiprofen ester and its effect on serum inflammatory factors and Β-endorphin expression in rats with incision pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Ye ◽  
Xianhua Ye ◽  
Nannan Ye
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Model Control

Purpose: To study the analgesic effect of flurbiprofen ester in rats with incision pain, and its effect on serum inflammatory factors and β-endorphin expression. Methods: Seventy-five (75) healthy rats with foot contraction threshold induced by basic mechanical stimulation were randomly assigned to control, model control and treatment groups. Flurbiprofen was administered in 3 doses: 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg. Then, 3 mL of ventricular blood was taken from anesthetized rats and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6 and β-endorphin were measured. The expression of β-endorphin in the spinal cord of rats with lumbar enlargement and ARC was determined. Results: The TNF- α, interleukin-1 β and interleukin-6 concentrations were significantly lower in treatment group than in model rats, and decreased with time and dose (p < 0.05). In the treatment group, the level of serum β-endorphin decreased with increase in dose at 1 h, but increased with increase in dose at 5 h and 10 h (p < 0.05). The levels of β-endorphin in the spinal cord, was significantly lower in model rats than in control rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Pre-administration of flurbiprofen ester reduces serum inflammatory factors and upregulates β-endorphin expression in rats with incision pain. Thus, it flurbiprofen exerts analgesic effect. Keywords: Flurbiprofen ester, Incision pain, Rat, Analgesia, Inflammatory factor, β-endorphin

scholarly journals Reducing postsurgical exudate in breast cancer patients by using San Huang decoction to ameliorate inflammatory status: a prospective clinical trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Zhu ◽  
J. X. Xue ◽  
L. X. Yu ◽  
W. H. Bian ◽  
Y. F. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Drainage Fluid ◽  
Tnf Α

Background Reducing inflammatory factors in wound exudate is a promising treatment approach for healing wounds in postsurgical breast cancer patients. Traditional Chinese Medicine (tcm) treatments have been shown to be beneficial and safe for optimal regulation of oxidative stress during the postoperative period. In the present clinical trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of a promising Chinese herbal formula, San Huang decoction [shd (Radix astragali, Radix et rhizoma rhei, and Rhizoma curcuma longa, 3:1:1; supplemental Table 1)], on wound inflammatory response after mastectomy.Methods The study randomized 30 patients with breast cancer who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria to either a treatment (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). Patients in the treatment group received liquid shd, taken twice daily with or without food. Treatment was given for 1 day before surgery and for 7 days postoperatively. Participants in the control group received a placebo on the same schedule as the treatment group. Outcomes measured in every subject included clinical tcm and wound inflammation symptom scores, daily and total amounts of drainage fluid, and levels of inflammatory factors in the exudate [tumour necrosis factor α (tnf-α), interleukins 6 (il-6), 8 (il-8), and 2R (il-2R), human C-reactive protein (crp)] at 2 hours and on days 1, 3, and 7 postoperatively.Results The total amount of drainage fluid over 7 days was significantly lower in the treatment group (572.20 } 93.95 mL) than in the control group (700.40 } 107.38 mL). The tcm symptom score was also lower in treatment group (day 7: 1.87 } 0.83 vs. 4.80 } 3.61, p = 0.049), as was the inflammatory symptom score (day 7: 0.67 } 0.72 vs. 3.67 } 2.50, p = 0.001). Levels of tnf-α, il-6, il-8, il-2R, and crp in drainage fluid were significantly lower with shd treatment.Conclusions Perioperative treatment with shd effectively lessened postoperative exudate and ameliorated inflammatory symptoms in patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer..

scholarly journals Effect of Moxibustion on the Serum Levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, and VEGF in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zeyun Yu ◽  
Yingni Wang ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Chenxi Liao ◽  
Jingyang Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ◽  
Disease Markers ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, which will eventually lead to joints deformity and functional damage. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of moxibustion on the serum indicators related to bone and cartilage metabolism, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with RA and to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in the treatment of RA. Methods. We recruited 70 RA patients who met the inclusion criteria, and they were randomly divided into two groups, a treatment group and a control group in equal ratio. The control group took methotrexate, folate, or leflunomide orally, while the treatment group received methotrexate, folate, or leflunomide orally and moxibustion at ST36 (Zusanli), BL23 (Shen shu), and Ashi points. We compared the clinical symptoms, RA serological disease markers and serum contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MMP-1, MMP-3, and VEGF of RA patients before and after treatment. Results. (1) The clinical symptoms and RA serological disease markers of the two groups improved after treatment (P < 0.05), while the clinical symptoms of the treatment group were significantly improved in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). (2) The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and VEGF decreased in both groups after treatment (P < 0.05), but the treatment group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). (3) There were significant differences in MMP-1 and MMP-3 contents after treatment in the treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the control group (P > 0.05, P > 0.05). Above all, the contents of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-1, MMP-3, and VEGF in the treatment group decreased more significantly than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The improvement effect of moxibustion on the clinical symptoms of RA patients may be related to influence on the contents of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-1, MMP-3, and VEGF, and moxibustion may play a potential role in bone protection.

scholarly journals Clinical study of pituitary tumors with EEA resection and its influence on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12 in patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921983704
Author(s):  
Wentao Wang ◽  
Dequan Zhong ◽  
Hua Cheng ◽  
Chengfu Ji ◽  
Zhouming Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Factor Α

The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of expanded endonasal approaches (EEAs) in the treatment of pituitary adenoma, and the effects of serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in patients were further analyzed. A total of 80 cases of patients with pituitary adenoma admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to May 2015 were randomly divided into the observation group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with EEA technique, while the control group was treated with transcranial microsurgery. The prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and other endocrine hormone indexes, as well as inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 were compared before and 1 week after the operation between the two groups. Moreover, the scores of Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at preoperative and postoperative 1 week were also compared between the two groups. The operation time, hospitalization time, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. And the patients were followed up for 2 years to observe the recurrence rate. The operation time and hospital stay in the observation group were 62.8 ± 9.3 min and 12.5 ± 2.1 days, respectively, while the operation time and length of stay in the control group were 105.6 ± 15.7 min and 18.2 ± 3.4 days, respectively. The operation time and hospitalization time were shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Before surgery, there was no significant difference in serum levels of PRL and GH between the two groups ( P > 0.05). At 1 week after surgery, the levels of PRL and GH in the two groups were significantly lower than those before surgery ( P < 0.05). And the serum levels of PRL and GH in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the observation group at 1 week after the operation ( P < 0.05). Before operation, there was no significant difference between the two groups of KPS and MMSE scores ( P > 0.05). At 1 week after operation, the scores of KPS and MMSE in both groups were significantly higher than those before the operation ( P < 0.05), and the scores of KPS and MMSE in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the serum levels of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α between the two groups before operation ( P > 0.05). At 1 week after surgery, the serum levels of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α in the two groups were significantly lower than those before surgery ( P < 0.05), while the serum levels of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α in the observation group were evidently lower than those in the control group at 1 week after the operation. Besides, the incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 7.5%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (17.5%) ( P < 0.05). All the patients in the two groups were followed up for 2 years. And there was no recurrence in the observation group and one case in the control group. The therapeutic effect of EEAs on pituitary adenoma is better. It can improve the level of high endocrine hormone in patients with pituitary adenoma, improve the functional status of the patients, reduce the serum level of inflammatory factors, and shorten the hospital stay. Meanwhile, it also has the characteristics of fewer complications and low recurrence rate, so it can be popularized in clinical practice.

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