scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: Associations and Possible Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gerui Li ◽  
Ze Chen ◽  
Zhan Lv ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
Danqi Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Impaired Glucose Regulation ◽  
Prothrombotic State ◽  
Amplification Loop ◽  
Glycemic Management

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently emerged disease with formidable infectivity and high mortality. Emerging data suggest that diabetes is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in patients with COVID-19. Although their causal relationship has not yet been investigated, preexisting diabetes can be considered as a risk factor for the adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Proinflammatory state, attenuation of the innate immune response, possibly increased level of ACE2, along with vascular dysfunction, and prothrombotic state in people with diabetes probably contribute to higher susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection and worsened prognosis. On the other hand, activated inflammation, islet damage induced by virus infection, and treatment with glucocorticoids could, in turn, result in impaired glucose regulation in people with diabetes, thus working as an amplification loop to aggravate the disease. Therefore, glycemic management in people with COVID-19, especially in those with severe illness, is of considerable importance. The insights may help to reduce the fatality in the effort against COVID-19.

scholarly journals MO720SARS-COV2 INFECTION IN THE POPULATION ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samarra Badrouchi ◽  
Samia Barbouch ◽  
Hajji Mariem ◽  
Amira Sakay ◽  
Rawnak Houli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background and Aims The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now spread to the entire world as a highly contagious pandemic. The disease has proved to be more serious in populations with underlying diseases like kidney diseases, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. People with end-stage renal disease are known for their weakened immune systems and vulnerability to different types of infections. Recent studies have shown high prevalence and poor prognosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in hemodialysis patients, but its effect on peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, biological, and scannographic particularities and the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients on PD. Method We conducted a monocentric descriptive study including all the confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the PD unit of the Nephrology department in Charles Nicolle Hospital. The first confirmed case was in March 2019 and our study period ended in January 2021. We used Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection after nasopharyngeal swabbing. Results Eight patients were included: 7 men and 1 woman. The mean age was 40.25 years-old [22-60]. All the patients were hypertensive, 2 of them were diabetics and 3 of them had cardiac pathologies: coronary heart disease in 2 patients and atrial fibrillation in the other patient. One patient had history deep vein thrombosis. All the patients were on automated PD with an average duration of PD of 40.56 months [1-84]. Two of them had history of peritonitis. Regarding the revealing symptoms of COVID-19, all the patients suffered from asthenia, a deterioration of general condition was observed in 7 patients, dry cough was also present in 7 patients, 4 patients described muscle and body aches, 3 patients reported diarrhea and vomiting, dyspnea was observed in 2 patients, only one patient reported loss of taste and smell, and fever was present in only one case.Two patients had low peripheral oxygen saturation (70% and 88%). All the patients had lymphopenia with an average of 557 [900-280]. C-reactive protein was high in 6 patients with an average of 84.7 mg/l. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan was practiced in 3 patients, it was positive in all of them with average extent of damage of 60%. Four patients were admitted in hospital and one of them in the intensive care unit (ICU) for high oxygen needs. All the patients received azithromycin, and vitamin C and D and zinc supplementation. A preventive dose of heparin was prescribed in 5 patients. No patient required intubation. No patient had thromboembolic complications. Six patients fully recovered since more than one month. Regarding the other two patients we have a follow-up of only one week since the beginning of symptoms, one of them is pauci-symptomatic and the other one is still admitted in the ICU. Conclusion According to our findings, patients on PD are not at increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19 or other adverse outcomes.

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in Estonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Eglit ◽  
T. Rajasalu ◽  
M. Lember
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Impaired Glucose Regulation

Das Komplementsystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Frauenknecht ◽  
V. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

SummaryAtherosclerotic diseases such as coronary artery disease and ischaemic stroke are caused by chronic inflammation in arterial vessel walls. The complement system is part of the innate immune system. It is involved in many processes contributing to onset and development of atherosclerotic plaques up to the final stage of acute thrombotic events. This is due to its prominent role in inflammatory processes. In addition, there is increasing evidence that interactions between complement and coagulation provide a link between inflammation and thrombosis. On the other hand, the complement system also has an atheroprotective function through the clearance of apoptotic material.The knowledge of these complex mechanisms will become increasingly important, also for clinicians, since it may lead to novel therapeutic and diagnostic options. Therapies targeting the complement system have the potential to reduce tissue damage caused by acute ischaemic events. Whether early anti-inflammatory and anti-complement therapy may be able to prevent atherosclerosis, remains a hot topic for research.

scholarly journals Evidence of a Relationship Between Infant Birth Weight and Later Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Regulation in a Chinese Population

Diabetes Care ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Xiao ◽  
Z.-X. Zhang ◽  
H. J. Cohen ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
W. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Impaired Glucose Regulation ◽  
Infant Birth

Autonomic dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea is associated with impaired glucose regulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Peltier ◽  
Flavia B. Consens ◽  
Kiran Sheikh ◽  
Lily Wang ◽  
Yanna Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Impaired Glucose Regulation ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

scholarly journals The Predictive Value of Myoglobin for COVID-19-Related Adverse Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Ma ◽  
Dingyuan Tu ◽  
Jiawei Gu ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Pan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Troponin I ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: Cardiac injury is detected in numerous patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has been demonstrated to be closely related to poor outcomes. However, an optimal cardiac biomarker for predicting COVID-19 prognosis has not been identified.Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for published articles between December 1, 2019 and September 8, 2021. Eligible studies that examined the anomalies of different cardiac biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 were included. The prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) were extracted. Summary estimates and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were obtained through meta-analyses.Results: A total of 63 studies, with 64,319 patients with COVID-19, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and myoglobin (Mb) in the general population with COVID-19 was 22.9 (19–27%) and 13.5% (10.6–16.4%), respectively. However, the presence of elevated Mb was more common than elevated cTnI in patients with severe COVID-19 [37.7 (23.3–52.1%) vs.30.7% (24.7–37.1%)]. Moreover, compared with cTnI, the elevation of Mb also demonstrated tendency of higher correlation with case-severity rate (Mb, r = 13.9 vs. cTnI, r = 3.93) and case-fatality rate (Mb, r = 15.42 vs. cTnI, r = 3.04). Notably, elevated Mb level was also associated with higher odds of severe illness [Mb, OR = 13.75 (10.2–18.54) vs. cTnI, OR = 7.06 (3.94–12.65)] and mortality [Mb, OR = 13.49 (9.3–19.58) vs. cTnI, OR = 7.75 (4.4–13.66)] than cTnI.Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 and elevated Mb levels are at significantly higher risk of severe disease and mortality. Elevation of Mb may serve as a marker for predicting COVID-19-related adverse outcomes.Prospero Registration Number:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020175133, CRD42020175133.

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