scholarly journals The Valuable Role of Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis of the Uncommon Presentations of COVID-19: An Educative Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Khaleghi ◽  
Alireza Aziz-Ahari ◽  
Nahid Rezaeian ◽  
Sanaz Asadian ◽  
Amirsajjad Mounesi Sohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
First Case ◽  
Wide Range

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019 rapidly turned into a global pandemic. Although the symptoms of COVID-19 are mainly respiratory ones, the infection is associated with a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms. The main imaging modality in COVID-19 is lung computed tomography (CT) scanning, but the diagnosis of the vast spectrum of complications needs the application of various imaging modalities. Owing to the novelty of the disease and its presentations, its complications—particularly uncommon ones—can be easily missed. In this study, we describe some uncommon presentations of COVID-19 diagnosed by various imaging modalities. The first case presented herein was a man with respiratory distress, who transpired to suffer from pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in addition to the usual pneumonia of COVID-19. The second patient was a hospitalized COVID-19 case, whose clinical condition suddenly deteriorated with the development of abdominal symptoms diagnosed as mesenteric ischemia by abdominal CT angiography. The third patient was a case of cardiac involvement in the COVID-19 course, detected as myocarditis by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The fourth and fifth cases were COVID-19-associated encephalitis whose diagnoses were established by brain MRI. COVID-19 is a multisystem disorder with a wide range of complications such as pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, mesenteric ischemia, myocarditis, and encephalitis. Prompt diagnosis with appropriate imaging modalities can lead to adequate treatment and better survival.

scholarly journals Equine metabolic syndrome in Colombian creole horse: case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072
Author(s):  
C.A. Castillo ◽  
C. Jaramillo ◽  
M.J. Loaiza ◽  
R. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
South American ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Equine Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
First Case ◽  
Combined Test ◽  
Lack Of Exercise

ABSTRACT The equine metabolic syndrome is a condition that can be recognized because of obesity, insulin resistance and laminitis. Genetic factors could play a role in the occurrence of this syndrome. Certain breeds such as ponies (including the South American creole horses) have a lower sensibility to insulin and a higher prevalence of hyperinsulinemia. The environment and management conditions, such as overfeeding and lack of exercise are factors that bring a propensity for obesity. The adipose tissue works as an endocrine organ producing hormones (adipokines or adipocytokines) that affect the horse´s metabolism. The objective of this report is to describe the first case report of a Colombian creole mare with a metabolic syndrome, diagnosed by means of the combined test of glucose-insulin and clinical signs. Early diagnosis of this entity and an adequate treatment are useful for improving the life and the zootechnical conditions of the patient.

Brain abnormality detection using template matching

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Praveen ◽  
Anita Agrawal ◽  
Shrey Pareek ◽  
Amalin Prince
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Tumor Segmentation ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Brain Tumor Segmentation ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used imaging modality to evaluate brain disorders. MRI generates huge volumes of data, which consist of a sequence of scans taken at different instances of time. As the presence of brain disorders has to be evaluated on all magnetic resonance (MR) sequences, manual brain disorder detection becomes a tedious process and is prone to inter- and intra-rater errors. A technique for detecting abnormalities in brain MRI using template matching is proposed. Bias filed correction is performed on volumetric scans using N4ITK filter, followed by volumetric registration. Normalized cross-correlation template matching is used for image registration taking into account, the rotation and scaling operations. A template of abnormality is selected which is then matched in the volumetric scans, if found, the corresponding image is retrieved. Post-processing of the retrieved images is performed by the thresholding operation; the coordinates and area of the abnormality are reported. The experiments are carried out on the glioma dataset obtained from Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge 2013 database (BRATS 2013). Glioma dataset consisted of MR scans of 30 real glioma patients and 50 simulated glioma patients. NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture framework is employed in this paper, and it is found that the detection speed using graphics processing unit is almost four times faster than using only central processing unit. The average Dice and Jaccard coefficients for a wide range of trials are found to be 0.91 and 0.83, respectively.

scholarly journals A Multimodal Adaptive Super-Resolution and Confocal Microscope

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyana Valiya Peedikakkal ◽  
Andrew Furley ◽  
Ashley J. Cadby
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transition Times ◽  
Localisation Microscopy ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Existing optical microscopy techniques compromise between resolution, photodamage, speed of acquisition and imaging in to deep samples. This often confines a technique to a certain biological system or process. We present a versatile imaging system which can switch between imaging modalities with sub millisecond transition times to adapt to the needs of a wide range of sample types. The imaging modalities provide the minimally invasive but low-resolution epi-fluorescence though increasing invasive but higher resolution confocal and structured illumination until the highest resolution is achieved through the most intrusive, localisation microscopy. The ability of the system to overcome the limitations of conventional single mode microscopy is demonstrated by several biological investigations. The ideas presented in this work allow researchers to move away from the model of a single imaging modality to study a specific process and instead follow those processes using the most suitable method available during the lifetime of the investigation.

scholarly journals Neurologic and neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID-19

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (13) ◽  
pp. e1868-e1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Kremer ◽  
François Lersy ◽  
Mathieu Anheim ◽  
Hamid Merdji ◽  
Maleka Schenck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neurologic Manifestations ◽  
Neurologic Manifestation ◽  
Leptomeningeal Enhancement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tract Involvement ◽  
Abnormal Brain

ObjectiveTo describe neuroimaging findings and to report the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with neurologic manifestations.MethodsIn this retrospective multicenter study (11 hospitals), we included 64 patients with confirmed COVID-19 with neurologic manifestations who underwent a brain MRI.ResultsThe cohort included 43 men (67%) and 21 women (33%); their median age was 66 (range 20–92) years. Thirty-six (56%) brain MRIs were considered abnormal, possibly related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Ischemic strokes (27%), leptomeningeal enhancement (17%), and encephalitis (13%) were the most frequent neuroimaging findings. Confusion (53%) was the most common neurologic manifestation, followed by impaired consciousness (39%), presence of clinical signs of corticospinal tract involvement (31%), agitation (31%), and headache (16%). The profile of patients experiencing ischemic stroke was different from that of other patients with abnormal brain imaging: the former less frequently had acute respiratory distress syndrome (p = 0.006) and more frequently had corticospinal tract signs (p = 0.02). Patients with encephalitis were younger (p = 0.007), whereas agitation was more frequent for patients with leptomeningeal enhancement (p = 0.009).ConclusionsPatients with COVID-19 may develop a wide range of neurologic symptoms, which can be associated with severe and fatal complications such as ischemic stroke or encephalitis. In terms of meningoencephalitis involvement, even if a direct effect of the virus cannot be excluded, the pathophysiology seems to involve an immune or inflammatory process given the presence of signs of inflammation in both CSF and neuroimaging but the lack of virus in CSF.ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT04368390.

Acquired Fanconi syndrome in four cats treated with chlorambucil

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1034-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie C Reinert ◽  
David G Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Fanconi Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Biochemical Screening ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
First Case ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Case series summary Fanconi syndrome (FS) is well described in humans and dogs, but has not been reported in cats. This case series describes four cats with acquired FS. On the basis of clinical signs and intestinal biopsies, all cats were initially diagnosed with alimentary lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment with chlorambucil and corticosteroids was started at standard doses, based on published protocols. Within 2–26 months of the start of treatment, glucosuria, despite normoglycemia, was identified incidentally on routine biochemical screening; FS was diagnosed with urine metabolic assays, confirming aminoaciduria and glucosuria in all four cases. Neither polyuria nor polydipsia were noted in any case, and only 1/4 cats had any clinical signs at the time of diagnosis. Partial or complete resolution of FS was seen in 3/4 cases within 3 months of discontinuing chlorambucil therapy. Relevance and novel information This is the first case series to document acquired FS in the cat, and the first to suggest a possible association between chlorambucil and acquired FS. Cats treated with chlorambucil should be monitored for the development of glucosuria, and discontinuation of chlorambucil should be considered if FS is identified. Further study into the association between chlorambucil and acquired FS in cats is warranted.

scholarly journals NCMP-15. CNS LYMPHOMA: THE GREAT MIMICKER

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii126-ii126
Author(s):  
Danielle Bazer ◽  
Agnes Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Tissue Diagnosis ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract INTRODUCTION Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, affecting the brain, leptomeninges, eyes, and spinal cord. PCNSL is a progressive disease with symptom onset occurring over weeks that presents with varied signs and symptoms, including focal neurological deficits, mental status changes, behavioral changes and seizures. Tissue diagnosis is imperative, though MRI, ophthalmologic and CSF evaluation can aid in diagnosis. PET scan and bone marrow biopsy are important for assessing metastatic spread following diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case series, comprised of three patients with atypical presentations of CNS lymphoma. Patient 1. 64 year old male presented with facial muscle weakness, vertigo, and diplopia. Initial MRI showed an old thalamic and new internal capsule infarcts. EMG suggested sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy consistent with Guillain-Barre Syndrome, leading to treatment with a five day course of IVIG. His MRI findings gradually worsened, ultimately revealing leptomeningeal enhancement of the bilateral vestibulococchlear nerves, facial nerves and the trigeminal nerves. Patient 2. 66 year old male with a past medical history of primary cutaneous anaplastic T cell lymphoma stage 1 EA, status post field radiation, presented with aphasia and ataxia. Brain MRI showed extensive, enhancing hyperdensities in the midbrain, suggestive of multiple sclerosis, prompting treatment with steroids. He continued to clinically worsen, prompting tissue diagnosis. Patient 3. 66 year old male presented with recurrent syncopal episodes and aphasia, found to have a 4 cm extra axial mass in the left temporal region on MRI suggestive of a meningioma. CONCLUSION All three patients eventually underwent brain biopsy with a final histologic diagnosis of PCNSL. Due to the highly variable initial presentation of this condition and the wide range of pathologies it mimics, CNS lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with atypical neuroimaging or clinical findings.

MRI in 30 cats with traumatic brain injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Caine ◽  
Robert Brash ◽  
Luisa De Risio ◽  
Jan Van Dijk ◽  
Giunio Bruto Cherubini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Imaging Features

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the MRI findings in cats following traumatic brain injury (TBI), and establish which features identified might correlate with prognosis. Methods The magnetic resonance images of 30 cats with clinical signs attributed to the brain following TBI were retrospectively reviewed to assess the imaging features seen and their correlation with outcome. Results Twenty-one of 30 cats had a good outcome (full recovery or minor ongoing neurological deficits); the other nine either died or had ongoing neurological deficits that significantly affected quality of life. There was evidence of parenchymal injury in only 20/30 cats, including 8/9 that had a poor outcome. The frequency of bilateral or multifocal parenchymal lesions on T2-weighted imaging, and mass effect, particularly caudal transtentorial herniation, was statistically significantly higher in patients with a poorer outcome. Extra-axial haemorrhage was not identified. Concurrent soft tissue injury was noted in all cats, with a poorer prognosis statistically associated with a peripharyngeal pattern of injury and orbital trauma. Conclusions and relevance The number of cases with MRI-identified brain pathology, the patterns of injuries identified and the specific imaging features that appear to have effects on prognosis differ in this series of cats from those published in similar case series of dogs. Further work is needed to establish if cat-specific guidelines are needed to assess brain MRI following trauma.

scholarly journals Bilateral auricular aneurysm with intact pericardial sac in a dog

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Aline Viott ◽  
◽  
Mayane Faccin ◽  
Mônica Matos ◽  
João Cavasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
First Case ◽  
History Of

A nine-year-old, male, Pekingese dog was presented with a history of dyspnea, lethargy, syncope, polyuria, polydipsia, and selective appetite over two years. When the clinical signs first began, a radiographic exam revealed a radiopaque mass in the cranial mediastinum. An adequate treatment was not performed and the dog was presented to the hospital with severe tachycardia, dyspnea, and tachypnea, and died during physical examination. On necropsy, the heart presented bilateral auricular aneurysms. The pericardial sac was intact, and no other defects were found within the heart. Microscopically, the cardiomyocytes were marked degenerated and proliferation of connective tissue. This is the first case report of a bilateral auricular aneurysm with intact pericardial sac in a dog.

scholarly journals Lymph scrotum: an unusual urological presentation of lymphatic filariasis. A case series study

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Aguiar-Santos ◽  
Marcela Leal-Cruz ◽  
Maria José Netto ◽  
Arturo Carrera ◽  
Guilherme Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Filarial Infection ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Series Study

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) causes a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms, including urogenital manifestations. Transmission control and disability/morbidity management/control are the two pillars of the overall elimination strategy for LF. Lymph scrotum is an unusual urological clinical presentation of LF with important medical, psychological, social and economic repercussions. A retrospective case series study was conducted on outpatients attended at the National Reference Service for Filariasis, in an endemic area for filariasis (Recife, Brazil), between 2000 and 2007. Over this period, 6,361 patients were attended and seven cases with lymph scrotum were identified. Mean patient age was 45 years (range, 26 to 64 years). Mean disease duration was 8.5 years (range, two to 15 years). All patients had evidence of filarial infection from at least one laboratory test (parasitological, antigen investigation or "filarial dance sign" on ultrasound). Six patients presented histories of urological surgery. The authors highlight the importance of the association between filarial infection and the inadequate surgical and clinical management of hydrocele in an endemic area, as risk factors for lymph scrotum. Thus, filarial infection should be routinely investigated in all individuals presenting urological morbidity within endemic areas, in order to identify likely links in the transmission chain.

scholarly journals Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Angiography in Planning for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations

Neurosurgery ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina G. Safain ◽  
Jason P. Rahal ◽  
Ami Raval ◽  
Mark J. Rivard ◽  
John E. Mignano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
First Case

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR) for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is predicated on inclusion of the entire nidus while excluding normal tissue. As such, GKR may be limited by the resolution and accuracy of the imaging modality used in targeting. OBJECTIVE: We present the first case series to demonstrate the feasibility of using ultrahigh-resolution C-arm cone-beam computed tomography angiography (CBCT-A) in AVM targeting. METHODS: From June 2009 to June 2013, CBCT-A was used for targeting of all patients with AVMs treated with GKR at our institution. Patients underwent Leksell stereotactic head frame placement followed by catheter-based biplane 2-dimensional digital subtraction angiography, 3-dimensional rotational angiography, as well as CBCT-A. The CBCT-A dataset was used for stereotactic planning for GKR. Patients were followed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and then annually thereafter. RESULTS: CBCT-A–based targeting was used in 22 consecutive patients. CBCT-A provided detailed spatial resolution and sensitivity of nidal angioarchitecture enabling treatment. The average radiation dose to the margin of the AVM nidus corresponding to the 50% isodose line was 15.6 Gy. No patient had treatment-associated hemorrhage. At early follow-up (mean, 16 months), 84% of patients had a decreasing or obliterated AVM nidus. CONCLUSION: CBCT-A–guided radiosurgery is feasible and useful because it provides sufficient detailed resolution and sensitivity for imaging brain AVMs.

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