scholarly journals Clustering Analysis of Risk Divergence of China Government’s Debts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tianhao Ouyang ◽  
Xiaoyong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

It is a difficult time for the world’s economics while the impact of COVID-19 is undergoing. A possible worldwide sovereign debt crisis could emerge, in short term, for supply chains blockage due to its slowing-down in many countries. China, having the second largest economy in the world, is crucial for the stability and sustainability of the economic recovery. China endures a long-term growth since 2000; nevertheless, a large amount of that growth is contributed by the government debt, which was spent on infrastructures. The accumulation of debts is a potential risk to the future growth of China. This research evaluates the central government and local government debts with a series of indicators. The weights of indicators are determined by objective methods of the CRITIC approach. Results confirm that the central government debt of China is on the edge of risk, while the risk of local governments debt is already in a concerning danger. The local government risk is 50% higher than the central government’s risk. Moreover, the K-means clustering algorithm performed on data, collected from various provinces, suggests that the local government debts of China follow a pattern of geographical distribution; that is, the closer to the coast, the lesser the risk, which is in accordance with the pattern of labor flowing. Labors are attracted by job opportunities which lie in the well-developed regions of China. This is confirmed by the crosscheck with the wage growth data. This indicates that the less developed areas of China rely more heavily on debt-investment stimulation that could be of a potential stagnation because the yield of investment follows diminishing marginal returns and the relative lacking labor weakens the potential economic growth.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE HANDLING OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Yurispruden ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Fahrul Abrori
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

 ABSTRAKPandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia membuat pemerintah membuat kebijakan-kebijakan sebagai stimulus untuk menjaga kestabilan masyarakat dan perekonomian. Pemerintah pusat memberikan kewenangan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengelola keuangan daerah untuk menangani covid-19 di daerah masing-masing. Hal ini disebabkan karena pemerintah daerah lebih memahami kebutuhan daerahnya. Permasalahan yang diangkat Pertama, bagaimana hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Kedua, Apa peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu desentralisasi fiskal yang mana. Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu dengan melakukan refocusing kegiatan, realokasi anggaran, dan Penggunaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah.Kata kunci: Pemerintah Daerah, Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah, Pandemi Covid-19 ABSTRACTThe Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia led the government to make policies as a stimulus to maintain the stability of society and the economy. The central government authorizes local governments to manage local finances to deal with covid-19 in their respective regions. This is because the local government better understands the needs of the region. The issue raised first, how is the relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Second, What is the role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Using normative juridical research methods with statutory approaches and concept approaches. The relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in Financial Management for the Handling of the Covid-19 Pandemic is fiscal decentralization. The role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic is by refocusing activities, reallocating budgets, and using regional budgets.Keywords: Local Government, Regional Financial Management, Covid-19 Pandemic

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Accountability Mechanisms on Fiscal Management Challenges Facing Goromonzi Rural District Council, Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Trust Madhovi
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Social Accountability ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Fiscal Management ◽  
District Council ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of social accountability mechanisms on the fiscal management challenges facing local government bodies in Zimbabwe. The paper hypothesises that there is a positive relationship between the use of social accountability mechanisms or tools by local authorities and the effectiveness of their fiscal management policies to mobilize more revenue for service delivery. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative methods are adopted in gathering and analysing data from central government officials, Goromonzi Rural District Council employees and members of the public. The results of the study reveal that the local government body faces a number of fiscal management challenges that include a shrinking tax base, non-payment of taxes, resistance to successive budgets; lack of implementation; lack of monitoring and evaluation. Council has implemented participatory budgeting to deal with some of these challenges. While results show a significant improvement in tax collection, some of the challenges have persisted. The paper proposes some recommendations useful to central government, policy makers, civil society organisations, local government officials and the general public. The paper manages to demonstrate that the implementation of social accountability tools can have positive impacts on the fiscal management challenges facing local governments. 

The Public Debt of French Local Government

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Henri Derycke ◽  
Guy Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTAfter a sharp increase, the public debt of French local communities has been stabilized in real terms: its amount reached 54 per cent of total public debt in 1980. In the French institutional framework, local government borrowing policy is under the tight control of central agencies. An econometric model of the borrowing behaviour of local governments since 1965 is presented; it emphasizes the role of internal determinants of local debt (needs for investment, self-financing ability of governments), external constraints (e.g. interest rates and the financial resources of lenders, such as households savings), and finally the impact of macroeconomic policy measures from the central government.

scholarly journals STRATEGI MENSINERGIKAN PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT DENGAN PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akmaruzzaman ◽  
Sumardjo ◽  
Himawan Hariyoga
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The Government

Natuna regency is a rich area of natural resource products, but still includes underdeveloped areas in Riau Islands Province. Local governments have to make fundamental changes in building the infrastructure aspects, economic, and human resources to eliminate underdevelopment and reduce dependency on central government. The aims of this research are: (1). to evaluate the effectiveness and stakeholders’ perception of the CD program, in terms of participation and partnership; and (2) to formulate a strategy for synergizing the CD Program of Star Energy with the local government’s development program. The analytical methods that are used in this research are descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. This research was undertaken in Palmatak Sub District and Siantan Sub District of Natuna District of Kepulauan Riau Province, from June until October, 2008. The results indicated that the government stakeholders perceived that the participation of the CD program’s beneficiaries was adequate, and that the partnership between Star Energy and the local government was inadequate. The result of SWOT analysis suggested that Star Energy needs to focus its CD program on sustainable activities, such as economic development and education programs. The strategy for increasing synergy with the local development programs is to intensify communication between the company and the local government through the formation of community development partnership forum.Keywords: Community Development (CD), Effectiveness, Policy Strategy

scholarly journals ANALISIS DINAMIKA PERMASALAHAN IMPLEMENTASI ANGGARAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rahmat Salam
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Coordination Tool ◽  
The Masses

The budgeting process is central to every administration be it the central government, local governments and the private sector because financial control is perhaps the most effective coordination tool. The scope and nature of government operations as a whole are determined by the allocations for the various programs. In fact, human nature has never been proven compared to when humans struggle to get a larger than usual share of the funds. This paper examines budgeting at the local government level, its preparation, problems and prospects. The study found that there was a wide gap between the budget plan and its implementation which resulted in the failure to fulfill political promises and the increasingly high expectations of society. The widespread dissatisfaction of the masses with the local government contributed greatly to the slow pace of local community development. This paper makes several recommendations that will reduce the incidence of budget deficits in the Government.

Local government modernization in Albania

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elona Guga
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose An attempt will be made to shed light on the course and pattern of the decentralization process by analyzing the historical development of local government and the territorial-administrative reform of 2015-2020 in Albania and the factors that have been shaping it. The scope is to understand the impact of the reform elements on the subnational governments and in general their overall impact on the government. The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap in the existing literature for Albania and at offering some insights on the administrative-territorial reform. Furthermore, it will contribute to the current debate on fiscal decentralization in South Eastern European (SEE) countries and the public management model implemented after the last reforms. Design/methodology/approach The first section analyzes the historical development of local government reforms from the 1990s to today and will help to identify if there is instrumentalism advocacy. The second section explains the determinants of the local government’s fiscal autonomy in Albania of the period from 2003 to 2016. Three indicators are used as proxies for fiscal decentralization: the proportion of subnational expenditure over national expenditure, of total subnational revenues over total revenues of central government and the indicator of own subnational revenues over total revenues of the central government. The data from the budget and the revised budgets are then compared. Findings Despite Albania’s commitment to decentralize its government functions, there is still work to do. The territorial and administrative reform has not generated the expected results. Almost 90 percent of the revenues still come from the central government’s unconditional transfers. Therefore, the Albanian Government should build capacities and skills, and train the employees of each level of government that currently benefit from international assistance. Research limitations/implications The analysis represents a single case study on the territorial-administrative reform in Albania. Its implementation started in 2015 and it is probably too early to discuss outcomes. However, it might be useful to analyze the first results after a two-and-a-half-year period of implementation of reforms. Despite contributing to the existing gap in the literature, additional research will be necessary to better understand the decentralization process not only in Albania, but in all SEE countries. Practical implications It is necessary to first understand the lack of initial output, as well as the various challenges faced, in order to take the corrective measures on time. Originality/value This paper discusses in detail the reform adopted and the progress made by the Albanian local government units. The reform attempts to develop better relationships between the central and local governments and hence improve their service delivery, transparency and accountability. This paper is the first one that is attempting to analyze the initial output of the territorial-administrative reform of 2015-2020.

scholarly journals Local Government Debt, Financing Platform and Fiscal Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Wang Ying ◽  
Pan Wenjie
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Fiscal Risk ◽  
Default Risks

The excessive expansion of local financing platform as a substantive medium for local government borrowing has aggravated local government financial risks, which may induce systemic financial risks. Based on the current debt situation of the central and provincial governments, this paper uses different measurement models to calculate debt balance and default risks of the financing platforms. The results show that nearly one-third of the provinces may have potential financial risks, therefore the central government and local governments should work together and keep four kinds of balances in order to prevent and defuse risks.

scholarly journals Inovasi dan kreativitas Public Service Era Otonomi Daerah sebagai Modern Local Government

Yurispruden ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Afifuddin Afifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

 ABSTRACTThe implementation of public services is still going on with the old public administration practices. Therefore, it is time for the bureaucracy to change its mindset. The development of the paradigm of public administration can bring enlightenment to the bureaucracy. Public Service innovation and creativity is one of the right solutions in the era of regional autonomy in achieving the welfare of modern regional government. The Indonesian state in running the government, the relationship between the central government and local governments must be well and harmoniously established. The intertwined goal is for the prosperity of the people. Regional autonomy can provide flexibility for regions to innovate and create local community creativity as material for local government policies. Therefore, several important discourses in Public Administration Science can be a reference for modernizing the administration of local government in the era of regional autonomy. Keywords        : Innovation, Public Service Creativity, Regional Autonomy, Center,                          Region and Local Government ABSTRAKPenyelenggarakan pelayanan publik masih saja terjadi praktik-praktik old public administration. Oleh karena itu sudah saatnya birokrasi merubah mindsetnya. Perkembangan paradigma administrasi publik dapat membawa pencerahan bagi birokrasi. Inovasi dan kreativitas Public Service merupakan salah satu solusi yang tepat di era otonomi daerah dalam mencapai kesejahteraan pemerintahan daerah yang modern. Negara Indonesia dalam menjalankan pemerintahan, hubungan pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah harus terjalin dengan baik dan harmonis. Tujuan yang terjalin tersebut untuk kemakmuran rakyat. Otonomi daerah dapat memberikan keleluasaan bagi daerah untuk melakukan innovasi dan kreativitas masyarakat setempat sebagai bahan kebijakan local government. Oleh karena itu beberapa wacana penting dalam Ilmu Administrasi Publik dapat menjadi rujukan untuk memodernisasi penyelenggaraan pemerintah daerah dalam era otonomi daerah. Kata Kunci    : Inovasi, kreativitas Public Service, Otonomi Daerah, Pusat, Daerah dan                          Local Government 

scholarly journals KONSISTENSI PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH BERDASARKAN HIERARKI PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DALAM PRESPEKTIF POLITIK HUKUM

FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Aristo Evandy A. Barlian
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Formal Requirement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relationship Communication ◽  
Article 5

AbstractThe local government is an extension of the central government to run the government in order to achieve the purpose of the state. In order to realize effective regional governance and harmonious required local regulations in line with the substance of the material, human rights, public interest and does not conflict with other regulations thereon. Until the end of 2016 recorded over 3000 local regulations that was rejected by the Minister of the Interior, where the process of making regulations clearly very nominal spending of state finances. There are forms of relationship communication, consultation, clarification drafts are applied between Government agencies with the authorities in the area for less than effective, in addition to the optimization of the minimal role of the Governor and Members of the Board in developing and overseeing the regional administration is one of the factors that make local regulation do not have a clear substance and in accordance with usefulness. Disharmony between central government and local governments are also an important factor which the step coaching is done by the agency Centre for local government apparatus in the preparation of the Regulation is still said to be not optimal and equitable then not their frame of reference is clear to the area of the administration of the harmonization of the draft law as an instrument important in order to maintain the harmonization of laws with other regulations. Law No.12 of 2011 has had signs which point to the importance of harmonization of rules including local regulations. Article 5 defines a rule that is considered good if it has met the principle of legislation such as clarity of purpose, the fit between the type and material content, usefulness and clarity of the formulation. The draft local regulation harmonization with other rules above areas should be supported by clear and firm rules and to always be integrated as a formal requirement of drafting local regulations as stipulated in Presidential Regulation No. 61 of 2005 which regulates the process of harmonization, rounding, and stabilization of the conception of the regulation draft in Indonesia. Keywords: Consistency Local Regulation, Hierarchy Regulatory and Political of Law. AbstrakPemerintah daerah merupakan perpanjangan tangan dari pemerintah pusat untuk menjalankan roda pemerintahan guna mencapai tujuan bernegara. Dalam mewujudkan pemerintahan daerah yang efektif dan harmonis diperlukan peraturan daerah yang sejalan dengan substansi materi, hak asasi manusia, kepentingan umum dan tidak bertentangan dengan peraturan lain diatasnya. Sampai akhir 2016 terdata lebih dari 3000 Perda yang ditolak oleh Menteri Dalam Negeri dimana proses pembuatan perda jelas sangat menghabiskan nominal keuangan negara. Terdapat bentuk hubungan komunikasi, konsultasi, klarifikasi Raperda yang diterapkan antara instansi Pemerintah dengan aparat di daerah yang selama ini masih kurang efektif, selain itu optimalisasi yang minim dari peran Gubernur dan Anggota Dewan dalam membina dan mengawasi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan kabupatan/kota adalah salah satu faktor yang menjadikan Perda tidak memiliki substansi yang jelas dan sesuai dengan kemanfaatannya. Disharmonisasi antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah juga merupakan faktor penting di mana langkah pembinaan yang dilakukan oleh instansi pusat kepada aparatur pemerintah daerah dalam penyusunan Perda masih dikatakan belum optimal dan merata serta tidak adanya kerangka acuan yang jelas bagi daerah mengenai tata laksana harmonisasi Raperda sebagai salah satu instrumen penting dalam rangka menjaga harmonisasi Perda dengan Peraturan lainnya. UU No.12 Tahun 2011 telah memiliki rambu-rambu yang mengarahkan pada pentingnya harmonisasi PUU termasuk Perda. Pasal 5 UU tersebut menentukan PUU dinilai baik apabila telah memenuhi asas peraturan perundang-undangan seperti kejelasan tujuan, kesesuaian antara jenis dan materi muatan, kedayagunaan dan kejelasan rumusan. Harmonisasi Raperda dengan PUU perlu didukung oleh aturan yang jelas dan tegas serta senantiasa dintegrasikan sebagai syarat formal penyusunan Perda sebagaimana tertuang dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 61 Tahun 2005 yang mengatur proses mengenai pengharmonisasian, pembulatan, dan pemantapan konsepsi pada draft rancangan undang-undang di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Konsistensi Peraturan Daerah, Hierarkhi Perundang-undangan, dan Politik Hukum

scholarly journals REGIONAL GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY TO THE PROTECTION OF INDONESIAN WORKER EMPLOYED (TKIs) ABROAD (Review of Human Rights Perspective)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asri Lasatu
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The purpose of the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia is to protect and realize the welfare of citizens. Therefore, the main responsibility of the government is to provide protection and guarantee to every citizen to get a job and a decent living for humanity. Limitations of domestic employment, as well as the public's desire to work overseas, should be responded positively by the government, by formulating regulations both at the central and regional levels. This study will examine the roles and responsibilities of local governments as an effort the law protection against Indonesian Migrant Worker working abroad.This research is a normative legal research with approach of legislation and concept approach and analyzed qualitatively to give perspective on legal issue to the object of this research study. The results show that the responsibility of local government, especially in the pre-placement, post-placement, and empowerment phase of placement of migrant workers, while the placement of migrant workers is the responsibility of the central government. Implementation of local government responsibilities should be supported by regulations established by local governments.

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