Experimental Study of Size Effects on the Deformation Strength and Failure Characteristics of Hard Rocks under True Triaxial Compression
Size effect has always been the focus of rock mechanics as a bridge between laboratory test and engineering site. Previously, the research conditions and objects of the rock size effect have mostly focused on cylindrical rock samples with different height-to-diameter ratios (H/Ds) under uniaxial or conventional triaxial compression, while there has been little research on the rock size effect under true triaxial compression (TTC), especially rectangular rock samples with different sizes and the same length-to-width-to-height ratio. Based on this, the deformation, strength, and failure characteristics of Beishan (BS) granite and Baihetan (BHT) basalt with different sample sizes under TTC were studied by a comparative analysis method. The size effect of deformation and failure characteristics under TTC are not obvious, including stress-strain curves, Young’s modulus, peak strains, failure angles, and macrofailure mode. However, the damage stress (σcd) and peak strength (σp) have obvious size effect; that is, the smaller the sample size is, the higher the strength is. Additionally, the relationship among the peak strength, sample size, and intermediate principal stress (σ2) is power function. In addition, by comparing the peak strength increment caused by the sample size of the two types of rocks, the σp of the fine-grained BHT basalt is more sensitive to sample size than that of the coarse-grained BS granite. Finally, by analyzing the relationship between the size of the mineral grains or clusters in the two types of hard rocks and the complexity of crack propagation in the fracture surface under TTC, it is suggested that the minimum side length of rock samples should not be less than 10 times the maximum mineral clusters (such as feldspar phenocrysts in BHT basalt). In addition, the method of estimating elastic strain is established by analyzing the relationship between the size of the rock sample σ2 and the elastic strain under TTC.