scholarly journals Exploring the Variations of Redbed Badlands and Their Driving Forces in the Nanxiong Basin, Southern China: A Geographically Weighted Regression with Gridded Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gusong Luo ◽  
Hua Peng ◽  
Shaoyun Zhang ◽  
Luobin Yan ◽  
Yuxiang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Water System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
The Road ◽  
Distribution Form ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
Influence Degree

At present, most of the international research cases on badlands are based on semiarid regions, while there are few studies on badlands in humid regions. Therefore, the research on badlands in humid regions has strong theoretical and practical significance. By taking the Nanxiong Basin, which is located in the humid regions of southern China as the research object, this paper analyzes the scale and spatial distribution variation characteristics of redbed badlands and builds a set of factors that influence redbed badlands to explore the driving forces influencing the variation of redbed badlands based on remote sensing images of the American KH-4A satellite from 1969 and a Landsat 8 image from 2017. The result shows that the scale of redbed badlands in the Nanxiong Basin had generally decreased from 1969 to 2017. The area of redbed badlands decreased from 1693.97 hm2 in 1969 to 127.4 hm2 in 2017, with a decrease of 92.48%. The spatial distribution of redbed badlands had gradually changed from the contiguous planar distribution form in 1969 to the dispersed island distribution form in 2017, forming four agglomerations. The influence degree of the driving forces for the scale variation of redbed badlands is in the order of lithology > road > aspect > residential locations > slope > water system > vegetation > garden plots. Among these driving forces, except vegetation and garden plots, which have a negative correlation with the variation of redbed badlands, other factors have a positive correlation. Lithology is positively correlated with the variation of redbed badlands and has the strongest influence on the redbed badlands of all the influencing factors. The road factor is second to the lithological factor; the more accessible an area is, the stronger the human influence will be and the more serious the damage to vegetation will be, which easily cause surface vegetation damage, induce land degradation, and form redbed badlands.

scholarly journals A Novel Spatial Simulation Method for Mapping the Urban Forest Carbon Density in Southern China by the Google Earth Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2792
Author(s):  
Fugen Jiang ◽  
Chuanshi Chen ◽  
Chengjie Li ◽  
Mykola Kutia ◽  
Hua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Carbon Density ◽  
Spatial Simulation ◽  
Google Earth Engine

Urban forest is an important component of terrestrial ecosystems and is highly related to global climate change. However, because of complex city landscapes, deriving the spatial distribution of urban forest carbon density and conducting accuracy assessments are difficult. This study proposes a novel spatial simulation method, optimized geographically weighted logarithm regression (OGWLR), using Landsat 8 data acquired by the Google Earth Engine (GEE) and field survey data to map the forest carbon density of Shenzhen city in southern China. To verify the effectiveness of the novel method, multiple linear regression (MLR), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), random forest (RF) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models were established for comparison. The results showed that OGWLR achieved the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.54) and the lowest root mean square error (RMSE = 13.28 Mg/ha) among all estimation models. In addition, OGWLR achieved a more consistent spatial distribution of carbon density with the actual situation. The carbon density of the forests in the study area was large in the central and western regions and coastal areas and small in the building and road areas. Therefore, this method can provide a new reference for urban forest carbon density estimation and mapping.

EFFICIENT COST MANAGEMENT AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ECONOMIC SUBJECT

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Interactive Approach

The research is actual, has a theoretical and applied nature. Theoretical developments at cost management branch of economic organization were illustrated by practical examples. In the work the follow methods are used: abstract-logical, methods of induction and deduction, system and situate approaches, methods of comparative analysis, analysis of breakeven, monographic analysis. The follow sources of information were used: literature, the results of the experimental investigations, carried out in Verkh-nevolzhsky Federal Agrarian Research Centre, observations, carried out at an agricultural organization. Theoretical structural model of cost management was created in a functional way, relationship between elements were designated in it, as well as driving forces of its realization were determined. Such terms as “cost management ” and «management accounting» were specified. The paradigm of a relation to cost process was described. Approaches to realization of cost management system of organization on the basis offlexibility principle were developed. The most important of them are: application of applied programs packages and special program means for computer, organization of feedback, account of functional relationship of cost with production results, cost accounting on elements, places of origin, carriers and centers of responsibility, as well as interactive approach. Some examples which show possibilities of using some instruments of cost management and management accounting for generation of management solutions were described. These instruments are: analysis and planning on the basis of standards of constant and variable costs and flexible cost management in interrelations to other subsystems in management system of organization (in this case it is with technology management. The work is of theoretical and practical significance.

scholarly journals Cloud Cover throughout All the Paddy Rice Fields in Guangdong, China: Impacts on Sentinel 2 MSI and Landsat 8 OLI Optical Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2961
Author(s):  
Rui Jiang ◽  
Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa ◽  
Kati Laakso ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Zhiyan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Sentinel 2

Cloud cover hinders the effective use of vegetation indices from optical satellite-acquired imagery in cloudy agricultural production areas, such as Guangdong, a subtropical province in southern China which supports two-season rice production. The number of cloud-free observations for the earth-orbiting optical satellite sensors must be determined to verify how much their observations are affected by clouds. This study determines the quantified wide-ranging impact of clouds on optical satellite observations by mapping the annual total observations (ATOs), annual cloud-free observations (ACFOs), monthly cloud-free observations (MCFOs) maps, and acquisition probability (AP) of ACFOs for the Sentinel 2 (2017–2019) and Landsat 8 (2014–2019) for all the paddy rice fields in Guangdong province (APRFG), China. The ATOs of Landsat 8 showed relatively stable observations compared to the Sentinel 2, and the per-field ACFOs of Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 were unevenly distributed. The MCFOs varied on a monthly basis, but in general, the MCFOs were greater between August and December than between January and July. Additionally, the AP of usable ACFOs with 52.1% (Landsat 8) and 47.7% (Sentinel 2) indicated that these two satellite sensors provided markedly restricted observation capability for rice in the study area. Our findings are particularly important and useful in the tropics and subtropics, and the analysis has described cloud cover frequency and pervasiveness throughout different portions of the rice growing season, providing insight into how rice monitoring activities by using Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 imagery in Guangdong would be impacted by cloud cover.

scholarly journals Temporal-spatial Distribution Characteristics of Air Pollutants in Chengdu Economic Region, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 04027
Author(s):  
Hongjin Tong ◽  
Sha Liu ◽  
Ruixue Liao ◽  
Xiaomei Wei ◽  
Kangli Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Economic Region ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Variation Characteristics

The previous characteristics researches of air pollution were almost based on data from national environmental monitoring stations in 2015. The temporal variation curves of air pollutants and the ArcGIS grid interpolation method were used to analyze the spatial-temporal variation of air pollutants in five cities of Chengdu economic region. In 2015, the monthly change trends of PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2 and NO of air pollutants in Chengdu economic region were basically the same. The maximum monthly average concentration was in January or December, and the minimum was in May to September. The temporal variation of SO2 was characterized by little fluctuation of monthly concentration. The temporal variation characteristics of O3 were opposite to other pollutants. The spatial distribution of PM10 and PM2.5 was characterized by the largest concentration in Chengdu and the southwest of Meishan, in which they were mainly concentrated in the central area of Chengdu in winter. The average concentration of CO in Chengdu was the largest, followed by Deyang and Mianyang, and Meishan and Ziyang was the smallest. The concentrations of NO2 and NO in Chengdu were the largest, while those in Ziyang were the smallest. The spatial distribution characteristics of O3 were different from other pollutants. The areas with the largest concentration of O3 were Ziyang and a small part of west in Chengdu. The spatial distribution of SO2 was characterized by the largest concentration of SO2 in Ziyang, the lowest concentration in Mianyang and Deyang.

scholarly journals Road Short-Term Travel Time Prediction Method Based on Flow Spatial Distribution and the Relations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjun Deng ◽  
Shiru Qu
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Nonparametric Regression ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Search ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Combination Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Neighbor Search

There are many short-term road travel time forecasting studies based on time series, but indeed, road travel time not only relies on the historical travel time series, but also depends on the road and its adjacent sections history flow. However, few studies have considered that. This paper is based on the correlation of flow spatial distribution and the road travel time series, applying nearest neighbor and nonparametric regression method to build a forecasting model. In aspect of spatial nearest neighbor search, three different space distances are defined. In addition, two forecasting functions are introduced: one combines the forecasting value by mean weight and the other uses the reciprocal of nearest neighbors distance as combined weight. Three different distances are applied in nearest neighbor search, which apply to the two forecasting functions. For travel time series, the nearest neighbor and nonparametric regression are applied too. Then minimizing forecast error variance is utilized as an objective to establish the combination model. The empirical results show that the combination model can improve the forecast performance obviously. Besides, the experimental results of the evaluation for the computational complexity show that the proposed method can satisfy the real-time requirement.

scholarly journals Elemental Enrichment in Shallow Subsurface Red Sea Coastal Sediments, Al-Shuaiba, Saudi Arabia: Natural vs. Anthropogenic Controls

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Ghandour ◽  
Mohammed H. Aljahdali
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Medieval Climate Anomaly ◽  
Climate Anomaly ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Core

Geochemical analysis of the 23 sediment samples collected from a short (0.6 m long) core retrieved from the coastal creek that was previously connecting the northern and southern Al-Shuaiba Lagoons, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, was accomplished to assess the elemental enrichment levels and the natural and anthropogenic driving forces for this enrichment. Statistical analysis and upcore variation in elemental concentrations enabled subdivision of the core formally into three units, lower, middle, and upper. The enriched elements in the lower and middle units display poor to negative correlations with the enriched elements in the upper unit. The lower unit is enriched in elements (Mo, As, U, and Re) suggesting deposition under anoxic conditions, possibly related to the Medieval Climate Anomaly. The middle unit is enriched in the carbonate-related constituents (CaCO3, Ca, and Sr). The upper unit is enriched in elements that co-vary significantly with Al suggesting increased terrigenous supply associated with the construction of the road between the two lagoons. The enrichment of elements in the lower and middle units is naturally driven, whereas the enrichment of lithogenic elements in the upper unit, though of geogenic origin, is induced after the road construction.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Coastline Change by Remote Sensing in the North Coast of Karawang Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Pasaribu ◽  
Firman Agus H. ◽  
Liliek Soeprijadi
Keyword(s):  
Shoreline Change ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Shoreline Changes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Coastline Change ◽  
The North ◽  
Landsat 7

<p><em>The existence of the coast in the northern part of Karawang Regency is very worrying. Seawater<strong> </strong>that was far up to tens of meters from the side of the road, is now on the lip of the road, even some parts of the road are cut off due to abrasion of seawater. Some villages were affected by abrasion erosion. One of the effects of damage due to abrasion and sedimentation is the occurrence of shoreline changes. This change in coastline will affect people's lives and spatial planning for the development of the area. For this reason, this study aims to determine the extent and rate of shoreline changes that occurred on the coast of Karawang Regency in the periods of 1989, 1995, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2016, and 2018. The shoreline data was obtained from the extraction of Landsat 3 MSS, Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM +, and Landsat 8 </em><em>OLI</em>-<em>TIRS after the NDWI process was previously carried out. While the rate of change is calculated at 6 sample point locations scattered along the northern coast of Karawang Regency. The results showed that the largest area damaged by abrasion occurred in Sedari Village covering an area of 166.802 hectares, and the area formed by the largest sedimentation occurred in Muara Cilamaya Village at 276,318 hectares. Meanwhile, the fastest rate of shoreline change due to abrasion occurred in Sukajaya Village at 10 meters </em>/<em>year, while the slowest in Sedari Village at 3.77 meters / year. The fastest sedimentation process in Muara Cimalaya Village is 4.5 meters / year, while the late one in Tanjung Pakis Village is 3.09 meters / year.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Abra</em><em>sion, Accretion, Coastline Changes, Karawang</em><em></em></p>

Greek Settlements and Karst Phenomena: Corinth and Syracuse

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora P. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek City ◽  
The Road ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
Karst Waters ◽  
The Relationship

To get a sense of the relationship between karst geology and Greek settlement, we will look at examples from the Greek mainland, the islands of the Aegean, and Sicily. There is no attempt here to be comprehensive, as the necessary field work has not been done to make that possible, but rather these examples are selected to suggest the way that karst water potential played an important role in site selection and development. The major examples selected are Athens and Corinth for mainland Greece, Rhodes for the Aegean Islands, Assos and Priene for Ionia, and Syracuse and Akragas for Sicily. Other places will be cited briefly if the details from those sites are particularly illuminating. Karst phenomena, as we have seen, are found throughout the Greek world. Since Athens is perhaps the best documented Greek city, and has in addition a phenomenal karst system as its monumental focus, it receives here a section of its own, Chapter 18, The Well-Watered Acropolis. In Chapter 11, Planning Water Management, we discuss Corinth’s water system in comparison with that of her daughter city Syracuse. Here, however, we will consider the aspects of water at Corinth that derive from the karst geology of the area. This city is an excellent example of the adaptation of urban requirements to karst terrane, the siting of an ancient Greek city to take advantage of this natural resource. Ancient Corinth was built on gradually sloping terraces below the isolated protuberance of Acrocorinth, which acts as a reservoir, with the flow of waters through it resulting in springs (Fig. 8.1). That karst waters are to be found in perched nappes even at high altitudes accounts for the spring of Upper Peirene not far below the summit of Acrocorinth, as well as the two fountains half-way down the road from its citadel, and the fountain called Hadji Mustapha, at the immediate foot of the citadel (as reported by the late seventeenth century traveler, E. Celebi, cited in Mackay, 1967, 193–95.) The aquifers also supply the aqueduct (probably ancient) from Penteskouphia southwest of Acrocorinth.

A study on the thermal environment of historical villages with ‘comb-like’ layout in southern China

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-664
Author(s):  
Li Tang ◽  
Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Ambient Environment ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Geographical Environment

Historic settlements adapting to local climate and geographical environment contain rich and precious scientific design concepts, which should be investigated extensively. This paper is a study on the sustainable design and planning experiences of Chinese historic settlements. In this study, the thermal environment of Jin-Jiang-Li village with ‘comb-like’ layout in the southern China was simulated to evaluate the interactions between layout, landscape design, and ambient environment. The study has illustrated that the layout as well as the presence of water and vegetation would have an obvious-reducing effect and could play a very important role in improving the microclimate of historic settlements. The findings of our study have an essential practical significance for creating modern sustainable human environments and adapting to the changing modern climate.

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