scholarly journals Effect of 70% Ethanol Extract and its Solvent Fractions of Artemisia afra (Jacq. Ex Willd.) against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Teketel Eristu Kediso ◽  
Tesfaye Tolessa ◽  
Fikirte Getachew ◽  
Eyasu Makonnen ◽  
Daniel Seifu
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antiepileptic Agent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Introduction. Artemisia afra (Jacq. ex Willd.), commonly called African wormwood, is a highly aromatic perennial herb and a well-known medicinal plant, claimed to be effective and safe in the treatment of epilepsy. The whole-plant extract is traditionally used as an antiepileptic agent in Ethiopia. Aim of the Study. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of the hydroethanolic extract and solvent fractions of A. afra whole part in mice. Materials and Methods. The effects of A. afra hydroethanolic extract and its solvent fractions were evaluated against pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-) induced convulsions in mice. The onset and duration of PTZ-induced convulsions were determined with hydroethanolic A. afra extract and its solvent fractions. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The hydroethanolic extract of A. afra, with all the three doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, showed a significant delay (504.833 ± 62.835 ∗  s; p < 0.05 ∗ ; 551.833 ± 47.69 ∗ ∗  s; p < 0.01 ∗ ∗ ; and 808.333 ± 64.8 ∗ ∗ ∗ s; p < 0.001 ∗ ∗ ∗ , respectively) in the mean onset of convulsion and a decrease (17.000 ± 1.88 ∗ ∗ ∗  s, p < 0.05 ∗ ; 13.000 ± 1.8 ∗ ∗  s, p < 0.01 ∗ ∗ ; and 7.833 ± 1.07 ∗ ∗ ∗  s, p < 0.001 , respectively) in the mean duration of convulsion against PTZ-induced convulsion in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control (92.833 ± 13.006 s; 34.167 ± 3.683 s), and its anticonvulsant activity was significantly less compared to that of diazepam (1001.167 ± 68.430 s; 4.500 ± 0.619 s). The solvent fractions, however, did not show anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced convulsion. Conclusion. Crude extract of A. afra has an anticonvulsant effect in mice. This might be attributed to the synergistic effects of two or more active ingredients present in the herb.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst. Vatke) Leaves and Its Solvent Fractionsin Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Convulsion in Mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Teketel Eristu Kediso ◽  
Tesfaye Tolessa ◽  
Fikirte Getachew ◽  
Eyasu Makonnen ◽  
Daniel Seifu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects people of all ages. Herbal medicines are widely used across the globe due to their wide applicability and therapeutic efficacy. The low side effects of traditional herbal medicines have encouraged many types of research into antiepileptic activity. Clerodendrum myricoides is a plant whose leaves extract is traditionally used as an anticonvulsant in Ethiopia.  Objective: The point of this investigation was to assess the anticonvulsant effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract and solvent fractions of C. myricoides leaves against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice.   Methods: Comparison of mean latency to onset of convulsion, mean duration of convulsions, and the proportion of percentage protection against seizure of the plant extract was tested against PTZ-induced seizures. Three different doses were used by giving them orally 30 minutes before subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (80 mg/kg) administration with the positive (diazepam 2 mg/kg) and negative (physiological saline 10 mg/kg) control groups. Data were presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean and analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Fisher’s exact test was used for the percentage protection. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The crude extract of C. myricoides, with the doses of 300, 600, 1,200 mg/kgshowed a significant delay in mean latency to onset of seizures [299.33±30.129 sec (p< 0.05); 387.167± 27.6 sec (p<0.01); 417.833±31.9 sec (p<0.001); respectively)]; decrease in the duration of convulsion [27.333±1.585 sec (p<0.05); 16.833±1.537 sec (p<0.01); 10.50±0.671 sec (p<0.001) respectively]; and a proportion of percentage protection of mice against seizure [16.33% (1/6) (p< 0.05); 33.33% (2/6) (p<0.01); 50% (3/6) (p<0.001) respectively] in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control group [92.833±13.006 sec; 34.167±3.683 sec, 0%  respectively]. C. myricoides anticonvulsant activity was less than that of diazepam [1001.16± 68.430 sec, 4.500±0.619, 83.33 sec, 83.33% respectively for the doses]. Its solvent fractions, however, didn’tshow a significant anticonvulsant effect. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic leaves crude extract of C. myricoides has anticonvulsant activity but its solvent fractions do not have comparable significant effects.   

scholarly journals Ameliorative potential of Anacyclus pyrethrum extract in generalized seizures in rat: Possible cholinergic mediated mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Kenza Bezza ◽  
Zineb El Gabbas ◽  
Jawad Laadraoui ◽  
Mehdi Ait Laaradia ◽  
Sara Oufquir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Onset Seizure ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Full Screen ◽  
Time Latency ◽  
Latency Duration

The present study evaluates the anticonvulsant activity of the roots of Anacyclus pyrethrum using pilocarpine-induced experimental model of epilepsy in rat, and to determine its possible anticonvulsant mechanism. Ethanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) or alkylamides (25 and 50 mg/kg) was administered orally 45 min before the injection of pilocarpine-induced (400 mg/kg) seizures. The possible anticonvulsant mechanism was investigated by testing the effect of atropine (2 mL/kg) and scopolamine (1 mg/kg). The scoring of seizure severity, seizures time latency, duration of total seizures and percentage of mortality protection were recorded. Ethanol extract and alkylamides prolonged the time of onset seizure and decreased the duration of seizures compared to control group (p<0.001). The seizure protection was 100%. The co-administered of ethanol extract of A. pyrethrum and alkylamides with atropine completely abolished the pilocarpine-induced seizures. Video Clip of Methodology: Anticonvulsant effect: 6 min 7 sec:  Full Screen   Alternate

Potential Mechanisms Involved in the Anticonvulsant Effect of Methanol Extract of Pyrenancantha staudtii in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Olayemi K. Wakeel ◽  
Oluropo B. Awosan ◽  
Oyetunji T. Kolawole ◽  
Akeem A. Ayankunle ◽  
Olukunle J. Onaolapo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Pre Treatment

Objective: To determine the potential effect of Pyrenancantha staudtii extract on experimentally induced seizures in mice and to evaluate the role of benzodiazepines, naloxone, and serotonin within these pathways. Methods: Animal behaviours were evaluated using open field, hexobarbitone-induced sleep model, and anticonvulsant activity using picrotoxin-, or strychnine-, or isoniazid-induced convulsions. Attempt to understand the mode of action of the anticonvulsant activity of the plant, three notable antagonists (flumazenil, 3 mg/kg; naloxone 5 mg/kg, i.p., and cyproheptadine, 4 mg/kg, i.p) were used. Results: The results revealed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the frequency of rearing and grooming episodes compared with the control. The extract of P. staudtii potentiates the sleeping time of hexobarbitone-induced hypnosis in a dose-related manner. P. staudtii stem bark extracts significantly (p<0.05) prolonged the onset of a seizure and attenuated the duration of seizure in a dose-dependent manner in picrotoxin- and or isoniazid-induced seizures. While, P. staudtii stem bark extract at all doses (100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1) though significantly prolonged the onset of action, but did not confer any significant changes on the duration, as well as mortality in this strychnine-induced seizure model. However, the anticonvulsant activity of the methanolic extract of P. staudtii was significantly reversed following intraperitoneal pre-treatment with flumazenil (GABA receptor antagonist) and naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) but not cyproheptadine (5-HT2 receptor antagonist) in picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Conclusion: The data obtained suggest that methanol extract of P. staudtii possessed significant anticonvulsant effect, thereby confirming the traditional uses of P. staudtii in the treatment of epilepsy; mechanisms of which could involve the interaction with GABAergic and or opioidergic system.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. In Rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Prakash Kore ◽  
Nilofar Shahnwaj Naikwade ◽  
Padma Laxmikant Ladda ◽  
Tabbasum Shabbirahmad Shikalgar ◽  
Shirish Sidgonda Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Perennial Plant

Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. is the perennial plant belongs to family Fabaceae, commonly called as Pigeon pea plant. The presence of phytoconstituents like flavonoids, the flavanone (substituted) from Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. have in vitro neuroactive property. This flavanone named as pinostrobin helps to inhibit voltage – gated sodium channels. Because of its bioactive phytoconstituents it may act as antiepileptic drug. To avoid problems like ADR herbal plant might be alternative to treat epilepsy. The current study was therefore carried out to evaluate antiepileptic activity of Ethanolic extract of leaves of Cajanus cajan in rodents. The effect of ELECC in MES-induced convulsions in rat and PTZ-induced convulsion in mice was evaluated using doses 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 7 days. Phenytoin (25 mg/kg), Diazepam (4 mg/kg) was used as standard drug for respective model. Depending on the model, outcome measures were abolishment of Hind Limb Tonic Extensor phase in MES-induced convulsion in rat and onset of latency, recovery or death in PTZ-induced convulsion in mice as well as biochemical estimation of amino acid neurotransmitter (GABA, Glutamate) were evaluated. The ELECC at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly delayed the HLTE phase in MES-induced convulsions in rat whereas, significantly increased onset of latency in PTZ-induced convulsion in mice. It also showed significant (p>0.0001) effect on the level of GABA and Glutamate in dose dependent manner in both models. The phytochemical study of C. cajan showed the presence of Glycosides, Flavonoids, Flavonones, Steroids, Tannins, Fixed oil, Fatty acids and Proteins. As the flavonoids present in C. cajan may contribute to the anticonvulsant activity of the plant. Therefore, the presence of such compounds in the extract may be responsible for the anticonvulsant effect. Therefore, present study validates its anticonvulsant activity. Further, research is required to elucidate its specific mechanism of action and isolation of responsible active principles.

scholarly journals ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CITRUS MAXIMUS LEAVES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nishanta Thakuria ◽  
Swarnamoni Das ◽  
Babul Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Citrus maximus (EECM) leaves of maximal electroshock seizure (MES) andpentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats and mice.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity was carried out by MES model and PTZ-induced clonic convulsions model; in each model, albino rats (Wistar strain)of either sex were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of 6 rats. One group was used as control (3% w/v gum acacia), one as standard(phenytoin), and three groups for the test drug of EECM leaves (doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) treatment. The reduction in time or abolition of tonicextensor phase of MES-convulsions was recorded for all the animals. In PTZ model, either delay or complete abolition of convulsions in rats treatedwith diazepam and EECM leaves was noted for all the animals.Result: EECM leaves reduced the extensor phase of convulsion in MES in a dose-dependent manner and decrease in the duration of convulsions in PTZmodel with increasing dose. Anticonvulsant activity was seen maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg.Conclusions: Thus, from the above two seizure models of MES and PTZ, it can be concluded that EECM leaves have got an anticonvulsant effect in anincreasing dose-dependent manner.Keywords: Anticonvulsant, Citrus maximus, Maximal electroshock seizure, Pentylenetetrazol.

Effects of NO-Donors on Thrombus Formation and Microcirculation in Cerebral Vessels of the Rat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuto Sasaki ◽  
Junji Seki ◽  
John C Giddings ◽  
Junichiro Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Velocity ◽  
Red Cell Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummarySodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), are known to liberate nitric oxide (NO). In this study the effects of SNP and SIN-1 on thrombus formation in rat cerebral arterioles and venules in vivo were assessed using a helium-neon (He-Ne) laser. SNP infused at doses from 10 Μg/kg/h significantly inhibited thrombus formation in a dose dependent manner. This inhibition of thrombus formation was suppressed by methylene blue. SIN-1 at a dose of 100 Μg/kg/h also demonstrated a significant antithrombotic effect. Moreover, treatment with SNP increased vessel diameter in a dose dependent manner and enhanced the mean red cell velocity measured with a fiber-optic laser-Doppler anemometer microscope (FLDAM). Blood flow, calculated from the mean red cell velocity and vessel diameters was increased significantly during infusion. In contrast, mean wall shear rates in the arterioles and venules were not changed by SNP infusion. The results indicated that SNP and SIN-1 possessed potent antithrombotic activities, whilst SNP increased cerebral blood flow without changing wall shear rate. The findings suggest that the NO released by SNP and SIN-1 may be beneficial for the treatment and protection of cerebral infarction

Ecological and physiological as well as biochemical properties of representatives of the Genus sedum L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
O. I. Dzjuba ◽  
M. V. Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hepatoma Cell Line ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent

The article deals with the history of the study and the current state of research of physiological and biochemical properties of the plant genus Sedum that are useful for human and has been used in folk medicine for many years. It was noticed that antioxidant properties of extracts from plants S. sarmentosum, S. sempervivoides, S. takesimense were caused by the presence of phenolic compounds. Methanol extract of plants S. takesimense exhibited strong scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals as well as significant inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation induced by a metal ion Cu2+. Various immunomodulatory activities of various fractions of plants extracts (S. dendroideum, S. kamtschaticum, S. sarmentosum, S. telephium) are observed. It was shown that the ethanol extract of S. sarmentosum and it’s fractions suppressed specific antibody and cellular responses to ovalbumin in mice. The methanol extract of plants S. sarmentosum reduced the levels of anti-inflammatory markers, such as volume of exudates, number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, suppressed nitric oxide synthesis in activated macrophages via suppressed induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Polysaccharides fractions from plants S. telephium inducing productions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), increasing the intensity of phagocytosis in vitro and in vivo. Methanol extract from the whole part of S. kamtschaticum strongly inhibit PGE2 production from lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line via modulating activity in gene expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The methanol extract of plants S. sarmentosum and the major kaempferol glycosides from S. dendroideum have antinociceptive activity. It was noticed that anti-adipogenic activity of extracts from plants S. kamtschaticum were caused by inhibition of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression and it’s dependent target genes, such as genes encoding adipocyte protein 2 (аР2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adiponectin and CD36. Polysaccharides fractions from S. telephium cause inhibition of cell adhesion of human fibroblast (MRC5) to laminin and fibronectin via interfere with integrin-mediated cell behaviour and they contributed to the role of polysaccharides in cell-matrix interaction. The methanol extract of plants S. sarmentosum exhibited a significant inhibitory activity in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. The crude alkaloid fraction of S. sarmentosum caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation on murine hepatoma cell line BNL CL.2 and human hepatoma cell line HepG2 without necrosis or apoptosis. Alkaloids from plants S. sarmentosum may improve survival of hepatoma patients via the inhibition of excessive growth of tumor cells. Plant’s juices have antiviral activity (S. sarmentosum, S. spurium, S. stahlii). Crude ethanol extract S. praealtum have spermicidal activity of the in mice and a relevant inhibitory effect of aqueous extract on human spermatozoa motility as well as an anti-fertilizing activity in rats. Hepatoprotective triterpenes, e.g., δ-amyrone, 3-epi-δ-amyrin, δ-amyrin and sarmentolin were isolated from S. sarmentosum. 2- and 2,6-substituted piperidine alkaloids (e.g., norsedamine, allosedridine, sedamine, allosedamine) are observed in plants S. acre, which in the presence of data on the use of pyridine and piperidine derivatives for treating neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), points on the promising research in this area. Taking into account that biologically active compounds are accumulated in the aboveground vegetative organs of plants of Sedum, the prospects of further study of the use of Sedum for the purposes of biotechnology and in the pharmaceutical industry becomes apparent. This work extends the existing views regarding the use of plants Sedum.

Ethanol Extract of Achillea fragrantissima Enhances Angiogenesis through Stimulation of VEGF Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana M. Hammad ◽  
Amer Imraish ◽  
Maysa Al-Hussaini ◽  
Malek Zihlif ◽  
Amani A. Harb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Aortic Ring ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Achillea Fragrantissima

Objective: Achillea fragrantissima L. (Asteraceae) is a traditionally used medicinal herb in the rural communities of Jordan. Methods: The present study evaluated the efficacy of the ethanol extract of this species on angiogenesis in both, ex vivo using rat aortic ring assay and in vivo using rat excision wound model. Results: In concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/ml, the ethanol extract showed angiogenic stimulatory effect and significantly increased length of capillary protrusions around aorta rings of about 60% in comparison to those of untreated aorta rings. In MCF-7 cells, the ethanol extract of A. fragrantissima stimulates the production of VEGF in a dose-dependent manner. 1% and 5% of ethanol extract of A. fragrantissima containing vaseline based ointment was applied on rat excision wounds for six days and was found to be effective in wound healing and maturation of the scar. Both preparations resulted in better wound healing when compared to the untreated control group and vaseline-treated group. This effect was comparable to that induced by MEBO, the positive control. Conclusion: The results indicate that A. fragrantissima has a pro-angiogenic effect, which may act through the VEGF signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Digit Variability in Carotenoid Scores Obtained with the Veggie Meter: A Pilot Study (P02-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velarie Ansu ◽  
Stephanie Dickinson ◽  
Alyce Fly
Keyword(s):  
Indiana University ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Period Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract Objectives To determine which digit and hand have the highest and lowest skin carotenoid scores, to compare inter-and-intra-hand variability of digits, and to determine if results are consistent with another subject. Methods Two subjects’ first(F1), second(F2), third(F3) and fifth(F5) digits on both hands were measured for skin carotenoids with a Veggie Meter, for 3 times on each of 18 days over a 37-day period. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a factorial treatment design to determine main effects for hand (2 levels), digits (4), and days (18) along with interactions. Differences between digits were determined by Tukey's post hoc test. Results There were significant hand x digit, hand x day, digit x day, and hand x digit x day interactions and significant simple main effects for hand, digit, and day (all P < 0.001). Mean square errors were 143.67 and 195.62 for subject A and B, respectively, which were smaller than mean squares for all main effects and interactions. The mean scores ± SD for F1, F2, F3, and F5 digits for the right vs left hands for subject A were F1:357.13 ± 45.97 vs 363.74 ± 46.94, F2:403.17 ± 44.77 vs. 353.20 ± 44.13, F3:406.76 ± 43.10 vs. 357.11 ± 45.13, and F5:374.95 ± 53.00 vs. 377.90 ± 47.38. For subject B, the mean scores ± SD for digits for the right vs left hands were F1:294.72 ± 61.63 vs 280.71 ± 52.48, F2:285.85 ± 66.92 vs 252.67 ± 67.56, F3:268.56 ± 57.03 vs 283.22 ± 45.87, and F5:288.18 ± 34.46 vs 307.54 ± 40.04. The digits on the right hand of both subjects had higher carotenoid scores than those on the left hands, even though subjects had different dominant hands. Subject A had higher skin carotenoid scores on the F3 and F2 digits for the right hand and F5 on the left hand. Subject B had higher skin carotenoid scores on F5 (right) and F1 (left) digits. Conclusions The variability due to hand, digit, and day were all greater than that of the 3 replicates within the digit-day for both volunteers. This indicates that data were not completely random across the readings when remeasuring the same finger. Different fingers displayed higher carotenoid scores for each volunteer. There is a need to conduct a larger study with more subjects and a range of skin tones to determine whether the reliability of measurements among digits of both hands is similar across the population. Funding Sources Indiana University.

Evaluation of Changes in Depression Levels of Bruxism Patients Treated With Botulinum Toxin-A

2021 ◽  
pp. 232020682110065
Author(s):  
Deniz Erdil ◽  
Nilsun Bagis ◽  
Hakan Eren ◽  
Melike Camgoz ◽  
Kaan Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc

Aim: Bruxism is defined as the involuntary recurrent masticatory muscle activity characterized by gnashing, grinding, clenching of teeth, and/or pushing the mandible. Factors creating its etiology are peripheral (morphological) or central (physiopathological and physiological), and exogenous. Recently, among physiological factors, depression and bruxism were considered to be related. A definitive treatment method does not exist for bruxism; however, botulinum toxin-A (BT-A) application is an up-to-date and effective way of treatment. The present study is aimed to evaluate the levels of depression in bruxism patients treated with BT-A application. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 individuals (23 females and 2 males) who were diagnosed as bruxism patients were included in the study. 25 U of BT-A for each masseter muscle was injected into the patients. Patients were prospectively observed for a possible change in depression levels by using Beck’s Depression Inventory. The inventory was implemented before and six months after the BT-A application. Depression levels before and six months after the injection were compared. A paired t-test was used to compare “before” and “after” treatment values. One-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests were used to evaluate the change in Beck’s Depression Inventory scores according to age groups. Results: The mean total score was 7.80 ± 8.10 before the treatment and 7.16 ± 6.52 six months after the treatment. The decrease in the mean score was not statistically significant ( P > .05). Conclusion: In conclusion, despite the decrease in the mean Beck’s Depression Inventory scores, a statistically significant decrease in the depression levels of patients was not observed.

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