scholarly journals MAC Layer Energy Consumption and Routing Protocol Optimization Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yaohua Chen ◽  
Waixi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Battery Model ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile ad hoc network is a network composed of mobile terminals without infrastructure. Due to its fast-networking ability, it is widely used in smart cities, car networking, military, agriculture, medicine, and other fields. Routing technology is a key technology in the field of MANET (mobile ad hoc network). The energy consumption is optimized through the technical network simulator NS-3, and the nodes in the MANET routing protocol can accurately simulate the problem, thereby optimizing the MAC layer of important research tools. This article combines the advantages of the lithium-ion (lithium) battery model. Compared with the KiBaM battery model, the effective charge in the KiBaM model simulates the output voltage well, which can reflect the battery capacity effect rate and the recovery effect of the lithium-ion-KiBaM battery model. The model can respond to the characteristics of the output voltage as the society gets lower and lower. In order to solve the problem that the analytic solution of differential equations cannot be obtained in the model, a numerical solution of the optimization algorithm is proposed based on the implicit Runge–Kutta method. The MAC layer energy consumption and routing protocol optimization algorithm proposed in this paper can be applied well in various fields.

Adaptive-atom whale optimization algorithm using autonomous mobile ad hoc network for energy-efficient multipath routing

2020 ◽  
pp. 2050052
Author(s):  
Suresh R. Halhalli ◽  
B. N. Jagdale ◽  
Shounak Rushikesh Sugave
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Whale Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Whale Optimization ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of a group of self-operated mobile nodes that form a network without considering predefined infrastructure. In the network, each node poses less energy due to battery-operated sensor nodes. Numerous methods are devised for routing, but each method suffered from the energy constraint. This paper proposes an energy-efficient multipath routing protocol for exploiting different routes between source and destination to mitigate energy constraints. The key idea is to determine the optimal path from a set of paths available between the source and the target node. To improve the security in routing protocol, the factors, like energy, trust, and mobility are considered as major components. Here, the trust is modeled by considering trust factors, like average encounter rate (AER), successful cooperation frequency (SCF), direct trust, integrity factor, and forwarding rate factor. Moreover, secure routing is performed between the nodes using the proposed Adaptive-Atom Whale Optimization algorithm (Adaptive-AWOA). The proposed Adaptive-AWOA) is designed by incorporating the Adaptive concept in the Atom Whale Optimization algorithm (AWOA). The fitness function is newly modeled considering mobility, energy, and trust factors. The proposed Adaptive-AWOA outperformed the other methods with a minimal end-to-end delay of 0.009, maximal throughput of 85.802% and maximal packet delivery ratio (PDR) of 97.391%, respectively.

Prevention of Gray Hole Attack Using ABC and Fuzzy Logic

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokeshwar Singh ◽  
Ashish Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

There are many advantages and reasons for wireless sensor network to be popular. The key concern while establishing wireless sensor network (Mobile ad-hoc network) is the routing protocol to be applied. Routing process is the process of discovering the path that a data packet will follow to get it from the source node to the destination node. As the mobile ad-hoc network consists of mobile nodes with no controlling unit in which each and every step of communication is handled by the nodes within the network itself. The selection of routing protocol is one of the difficult tasks and the key challenge faced by the routing is the energy consumption issue apart from the others. In this research, the routing technique is developed with a basic focus on reduction of the energy consumption while improving the overall performance of the network.  Presently, various efficient routing protocols have been estimated for wireless sensor network. In the presence of malicious nodes, the network becomes penetrable to different kind of attacks. In wireless sensor network, routing-attacks are relatively serious. It has number of potential-applications in completely un-predictable in dynamic environment. Routing protocol utilized here are in a form of reactive-routing protocol known as OLSR. This routing protocol route is based on demand.The proposed work has designed and implemented wireless sensor network in OLSR routing protocol. The gray hole attack is mitigated using Fuzzy Logic based on rule sets to have better routing process and ABC (Artificial Bee Colony) algorithm at superior rate for optimizing the route set at novel objective function.  In this work, the performance analysis of the network with the scenarios consisting 50 nodes moving with the speed of the 5-10m/s within the  area (1000X1000) m2 has been done in regards to the parameters, namely, Throughput, End-to-End Delay, BER (bit error rate) and Energy consumption).  

A Survey Study on Attacks in MANET Ad-Hoc Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
. Harpal ◽  
Gaurav Tejpal ◽  
Sonal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Short Article ◽  
The People ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Real World Problems

In this time of instant units, Mobile Ad-hoc Network(MANET) has become an indivisible part for transmission for mobile devices. Therefore, curiosity about study of Mobile Ad-hoc Network has been growing because last several years. In this report we have mentioned some simple routing protocols in MANET like Destination Sequenced Distance Vector, Active Source Redirecting, Temporally-Ordered Redirecting Algorithm and Ad-hoc On Need Distance Vector. Protection is just a serious problem in MANETs because they are infrastructure-less and autonomous. Principal target of writing this report is to handle some simple problems and security considerations in MANET, operation of wormhole strike and acquiring the well-known routing protocol Ad-hoc On Need Distance Vector. This short article will be a great help for the people performing study on real world problems in MANET security.

scholarly journals Mathematical formulation of energy efficient routing with constraint in mobile ad hoc network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Rakesh Sahu ◽  
Narendra Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Optimization Function ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Energy consumption of nodes during the transmission is an important factor for the efficiency and lifetime of a mobile ad hoc network. The reduction in consumption of energy can be achieved, only when its consumption at each step is known. The purpose of this paper is to formulate the mathematical model of energy consumption of network on the basis on links and available nodes in order to formulate the energy optimization function. The probability of link failure in route and innetwork have been taken into consideration as constraints while formulating the objective function of estimated energy consumption, as the low connectivity is one of the challenges due to mobility in ad hoc network.

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