scholarly journals The Charge State of Protons with 90 and 100 keV Energies Decelerated in Hydrogen Plasma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yu Lei ◽  
Rui Cheng ◽  
Yong Tao Zhao ◽  
Xian Ming Zhou ◽  
Yu Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Charge State ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Effective Charge ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Plasma Target ◽  
Cold Gas

Energy loss of protons with 90 and 100 keV energies penetrating through a hydrogen plasma target has been measured, where the electron density of the plasma is about 1016 cm−3 and the electron temperature is about 1-2 eV. It is found that the energy loss of protons in the plasma is obviously larger than that in cold gas and the experimental results based on the Bethe model calculations can be demonstrated by the variation of effective charge of protons in the hydrogen plasma. The effective charge remains 1 for 100 keV protons, while the value for 90 keV protons decreases to be about 0.92. Moreover, two empirical formulae are employed to extract the effective charge.

scholarly journals Energy loss of protons in hydrogen plasma

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cheng ◽  
X. Zhou ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
Y. Lei ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Error Limit ◽  
Bound Electrons ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractThis paper reports the measurement of the energy loss of protons at the energy of 100 keV penetrating a partially ionized hydrogen plasma. The plasma of ne ≈ 1015–16 cm−3; Te ≈ 1–2 eV and lifetime of about 8 µs is created by the hydrogen gas discharge. The experimental results show an increase of a factor of 2.8 in the energy loss, which are in good agreement with the Bethe, Standard Stopping Model, Li–Petrasso and Vlasov models’ predictions within the error limit. The Bethe–Bloch Coulomb logarithm term is found to increase by a factor of 4.0 for free electrons as compared with the situation where bound electrons prevail. The potential application of protons energy loss for diagnosing the electron density in plasma is proposed too.

scholarly journals Charge-state-dependent energy loss of slow ions. I. Experimental results on the transmission of highly charged ions

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Wilhelm ◽  
Elisabeth Gruber ◽  
Valerie Smejkal ◽  
Stefan Facsko ◽  
Friedrich Aumayr
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Charge State ◽  
Highly Charged Ions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Slow Ions ◽  
Charged Ions

Energy loss and charge state measurements of heavy ions passing a hydrogen plasma

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jacoby ◽  
S. Miyamoto ◽  
K. Weyrich ◽  
E. Boggasch ◽  
K.-G. Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Charge State ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma

scholarly journals Interaction of heavy ion beams with dense plasmas

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stöckl ◽  
O. Boine-Frankenheim ◽  
M. Roth ◽  
W. Süb ◽  
H. Wetzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
State Density ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Improved Model

The main objective of the experimental plasma physics activities at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) is the interaction processes of heavy ions with dense ionized matter. Gas discharge plasma targets were used for energy loss and charge state measurements in a regime of electron density and temperature up to 1019 cm-3 and 20 eV, respectively. Progress has been achieved in the understanding of charge-exchange processes in fully ionized hydrogen plasma. An improved model taking excitation-autoionization processes into account has removed most of the discrepancies of previous theoretical descriptions. Furthermore, it was found that the energy loss of the ion beam serves as an excellent diagnostic tool for measuring the electron density in partially ionized plasmas such as argon. The experience with these methods will be used in the future to diagnose dense laser produced plasmas. A setup with a 100 J/5 GW Nd:glass laser, currently under construction, will provide access to density range up to 1021 cm-3 and temperatures of more than 100 eV. To reach electron densities near solid-state density (1023 cm-3), heavy ion heated frozen rare gas crystals were used. The first hydrodynamic motion of ion heated solid material was observed. Vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy was applied to diagnose these strongly coupled nonideal plasmas.

scholarly journals Ohmic Heating and Ionization Measurements for an Axial Discharge in Hydrogen

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Cross ◽  
BD Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Heating Power ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Heating Effect ◽  
Loss Mechanism ◽  
Neutral Particles

Experimental results are presented on the heating effect and rate of ionization produced by an axial discharge (~1O kA) in hydrogen gas at filling pressures of 25--400 mTorr. The electron temperature remains very low (about 1�5 eV) even at ohmic heating power levels as high as 200 MWm-3 ? The results are compared with a theoretical model which assumes that the only energy loss mechanism is ionization of neutral particles. The importance of other loss mechanisms, including convection, conduction and radiation, is also discussed.

CHARGE DISTRIBUTIONS OF FAST PROJECTILES IN LOW-Z MATERIALS

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.E. MEYERHOF
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Charge State ◽  
Simple Expression ◽  
Projectile Energy ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Charge Distributions ◽  
Small Correction ◽  
Charge Fractions ◽  
Projectile Charge

For an accurate calculation of target x-ray production or of projectile energy loss in low-Z materials, it is necessary to know the projectile charge state at each point in the material. If the projectile is fast enough so that charge transfer can be neglected with respect to electron stripping, it is possible to deduce a simple expression for the charge fractions as a function of the penetration distance into the target. The expression depends essentially only on the stripping cross section per electron of the particular shell being stripped, on the initial number of electrons on the projectile, and on the charge state. A small correction has to be applied for the effect of shells lying inside of the shell being stripped. The expression has been tested with Xe45+ projectiles between 82 and 300 MeV/u and with U83+ projectiles between 105 and 960 MeV/u with targets of Be, C, mylar, and Al. Model calculations are made of the effect of charge distributions on PIXE x-ray production and on projectile energy loss.

scholarly journals Charge-state distributions of chlorine ions interacting with cold gas and with fully ionized plasma

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chabot ◽  
D. Gardès ◽  
J. Kiener ◽  
S. Damache ◽  
B. Kubica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Charge State ◽  
Plasma Column ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Plasma Target ◽  
Charge State Distributions ◽  
Chlorine Ions ◽  
Power Measurements ◽  
Cold Gas

Charge transfer of 4.3 MeV/u chlorine ions passing through a discharge plasma target is used as a probe to determine the plasma density and the ratio of impurities inside the plasma column. Charge-state distributions of 2 MeV/u chlorine ions passing through the plasma are then measured and compared to corresponding measurements in the cold gas. Stopping power measurements are also performed in both cases.

scholarly journals Charge-state distribution and energy loss of 3.2-MeV oxygen ions in laser plasma produced from solid hydrogen

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KOJIMA ◽  
M. MITOMO ◽  
T. SASAKI ◽  
J. HASEGAWA ◽  
M. OGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Charge State ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Charge State Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
State Distribution ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
Maximum Electron Density ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Charge

The charge-state distribution and the energy loss of oxygen ions in a laser-produced hydrogen plasma have been investigated experimentally. The plasma target had a maximum electron density of 5 × 1018 cm−3 and a maximum electron temperature of 13 eV. The mean charge state of the oxygen ions in the hydrogen plasma was measured to be 5.1, which was considerably higher than that in hydrogen gas. The energy loss of oxygen ions in the plasma of a density less than 1 × 1018 cm−3 in the plasma showed a large enhancement compared with that in hydrogen gas. However, the energy loss in the plasma of a density above 1 × 1018 cm−3 showed no enhancement.

Experiment analysis of high output pressure piezoelectric pump with straight arm wheeled check valve

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2098700
Author(s):  
Lipeng He ◽  
Xiaoqiang Wu ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Bangcheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Check Valve ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Piezoelectric Pump ◽  
Output Pressure ◽  
Pressure Characteristic ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Experiment Analysis ◽  
High Output

Piezoelectric pumps are applied in many fields, such as chemical analysis system and fluid pumping systems. Piezoelectric pumps with high output pressure can meet the needs of more fields. This article introduces the design and fabrication of a high output pressure piezoelectric pump with straight arm wheeled check valve. In this paper, the influence of straight arm wheeled check valve on the output pressure of piezoelectric pump is deeply discussed from the aspect of energy loss. This study investigated the effect of valve arm number ( N = 2, 3,4, and 5), the valve arm width ( W = 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 mm), and the valve arm length ( L = 1.92, 2.02, and 2.12 mm) on the output pressure of piezoelectric pump. The output pressure characteristic of straight arm wheeled check valve piezoelectric pump with different valve parameters is obtained by experiment. Experimental results show that when N = 4, W = 1.0 mm, L = 2.02 mm, the output pressure of the straight arm wheeled check valve piezoelectric pump has the best output pressure of 27.41 kPa at 220 V and 85 Hz. This study provides a reference for the further application of piezoelectric pumps in fluid pumping field.

scholarly journals Comparison of the measured and modelled electron densities and temperatures in the ionosphere and plasmasphere during 20-30 January, 1993

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1257-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Pavlov ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
K.-I. Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Magnetic Field Line ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Additional Heating ◽  
Vibrational Levels ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. We present a comparison of the electron density and temperature behaviour in the ionosphere and plasmasphere measured by the Millstone Hill incoherent-scatter radar and the instruments on board of the EXOS-D satellite with numerical model calculations from a time-dependent mathematical model of the Earth's ionosphere and plasmasphere during the geomagnetically quiet and storm period on 20–30 January, 1993. We have evaluated the value of the additional heating rate that should be added to the normal photoelectron heating in the electron energy equation in the daytime plasmasphere region above 5000 km along the magnetic field line to explain the high electron temperature measured by the instruments on board of the EXOS-D satellite within the Millstone Hill magnetic field flux tube in the Northern Hemisphere. The additional heating brings the measured and modelled electron temperatures into agreement in the plasmasphere and into very large disagreement in the ionosphere if the classical electron heat flux along magnetic field line is used in the model. A new approach, based on a new effective electron thermal conductivity coefficient along the magnetic field line, is presented to model the electron temperature in the ionosphere and plasmasphere. This new approach leads to a heat flux which is less than that given by the classical Spitzer-Harm theory. The evaluated additional heating of electrons in the plasmasphere and the decrease of the thermal conductivity in the topside ionosphere and the greater part of the plasmasphere found for the first time here allow the model to accurately reproduce the electron temperatures observed by the instruments on board the EXOS-D satellite in the plasmasphere and the Millstone Hill incoherent-scatter radar in the ionosphere. The effects of the daytime additional plasmaspheric heating of electrons on the electron temperature and density are small at the F-region altitudes if the modified electron heat flux is used. The deviations from the Boltzmann distribution for the first five vibrational levels of N2(v) and O2(v) were calculated. The present study suggests that these deviations are not significant at the first vibrational levels of N2 and O2 and the second level of O2, and the calculated distributions of N2(v) and O2(v) are highly non-Boltzmann at vibrational levels v > 2. The resulting effect of N2(v > 0) and O2(v > 0) on NmF2 is the decrease of the calculated daytime NmF2 up to a factor of 1.5. The modelled electron temperature is very sensitive to the electron density, and this decrease in electron density results in the increase of the calculated daytime electron temperature up to about 580 K at the F2 peak altitude giving closer agreement between the measured and modelled electron temperatures. Both the daytime and night-time densities are not reproduced by the model without N2(v > 0) and O2(v > 0), and inclusion of vibrationally excited N2 and O2 brings the model and data into better agreement.Key words: Ionosphere (ionospheric disturbances; ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; plasma temperature and density)  

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