scholarly journals Flow Simulation in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Two Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with Successful and Failed Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jiacun Shao ◽  
Weiwei Yan ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Mingzhen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Failed Surgery ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Wall Shear

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder which may need to be treated by the upper respiratory tract (URT) surgery. To increase the success rate of the URT surgery, it is crucial to understand the flow features in the URT models. In this work, the turbulent flow characteristics in four 3D anatomically accurate URT models reconstructed from two OSA subjects with successful and failed surgery are numerically studied by the large-eddy simulation (LES) and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS). The features of velocity fields, pressure fields, and wall shear stress fields as well as the spectral analysis of wall shear stress between successful and failed surgery are explored. The results indicate that LES is capable of capturing flow patterns and flow oscillation and is effective for OSA surgery prediction. Even if the unsteady RANS can obtain the correct pressure drop across the airways, it may not be appropriate to be used for surgery prediction. Moreover, it is found that the quality of oscillating signal of wall shear stress is a key factor in surgery prediction. In a successful surgery, the wall shear stress oscillation is always strong, and the oscillating signal can perform a dominant frequency near 3~5 Hz, while in a failed surgery it does not show this clear intrinsic property. The results not only will gain new insights in the URT surgical planning but also will improve the prediction of surgical outcome for OSA patients.

scholarly journals ДІАГНОСТИКА СИНДРОМУ ОБСТРУКТИВНОГО АПНОЕ / ГІПОПНОЄ В АМБУЛАТОРНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1(41)) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Івчина Н. А.
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Hypopnea Syndrome

The syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea is a common disease which is caused by obstruction of the upper respiratory tract. This condition is characterized by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep. It is usually associated with a decrease in blood oxygen saturation. Primary risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnoea syndrome — age, being a male and the family anamnesis. To the minor factors contributing to development of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnoea syndrome, adiposity, abusing alcohol, the smoking, a habitual snore, day drowsiness.The researchers are interested in this problem due to the fact that obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome is an adverse consequence of cardiovascular diseases and sudden death. Objective. Determine the prevalence of this disease in the outpatient medical practiceMaterial and methods. Out-patient cardio-respiratory monitoring. Results and discussion. High incidence of disease in outpatient patients.

Lower respiratory tract infections in early life are associated with obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis during childhood in a large birth cohort

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J Gutierrez ◽  
Gustavo Nino ◽  
Jeremy S Landeo-Gutierrez ◽  
Miriam R Weiss ◽  
Diego A Preciado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Study Objectives Several birth cohorts have defined the pivotal role of early lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in the inception of pediatric respiratory conditions. However, the association between early LRTI and the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children has not been established. Methods To investigate whether early LRTIs increase the risk of pediatric OSA, we analyzed clinical data in children followed during the first 5 years in the Boston Birth Cohort (n = 3114). Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted by pertinent covariates were used to evaluate the risk of OSA by the age of 5 years between children with LRTI during the first 2 years of life in comparison to those without LRTI during this period. Results Early life LRTI increased the risk of pediatric OSA independently of other pertinent covariates and risk factors (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.05). Importantly, the association between LRTI and pediatric OSA was limited to LRTIs occurring during the first 2 years of life. Complementarily to this finding, we observed that children who had severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis during infancy had two times higher odds of OSA at 5 years in comparison with children without this exposure (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.12 to 3.88). Conclusions Children with severe LRTIs in early life have significantly increased risk of developing OSA during the first 5 years of life. Our results offer a new paradigm for investigating novel mechanisms and interventions targeting the early pathogenesis of OSA in the pediatric population.

scholarly journals The Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Accident Risk in Heavy Equipment Operators

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Celikhisar ◽  
Gulay Dasdemir Ilkhan
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the most frequent sleep disorder, characterized by the repeated collapse of the upper respiratory tract during sleep. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of OSAS in heavy equipment operators and to determine the relationship between the work accidents that these operators were involved in and the OSAS symptoms and severity. In doing this, we aimed to emphasize the association of OSAS, which is a treatable disease, and these accidents, which cause loss of manpower, financial hampering, and even death. Materials and Methods: STOP BANG questionnaire was provided to 965 heavy equipment operators and polysomnography (PSG) was performed, in Izmir Esrefpasa Municipality Hospital, to the operators at high risk for OSAS. Demographic data, health status, and accidents of these operators were recorded. Results: All operators who participated in the study were male. The ages of the cases ranged from 35 to 58 and the mean age was 45.07 ± 5.54 years. The mean STOP BANG questionnaire results were 4.36 ± 3.82. In total, 142 operators were identified with high risk for OSAS and PSG could be performed on 110 of these 142 operators. According to the PSG results of the operators, 41 (37.3%) patients had normal findings, while 35 (31.8%) had mild, 20 (18.2%) had moderate, and 14 (12.7%) had severe OSAS. Among those 110 patients, 71 (64.5%) of the cases had no history of any accidents, 25 (22.8%) were almost involved in an accident due to sleepiness, and 14 (12.7%) were actually involved in an accident. There was a statistically significant relationship between the accident rate and OSAS severity (p: 0.009). Conclusion: Based on the data acquired in the present study, a positive correlation was determined between the accident statuses of drivers with OSAS severity. We want to attract attention to the necessity of evaluating the OSAS symptoms in professional heavy equipment operators during the certification period and at various intervals afterwards, and to carry out OSAS evaluations by PSG for those having a certain risk.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Association between Growth Hormone Therapy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Child with Prader-Willi Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian M. Nixon ◽  
Christine P. Rodda ◽  
Margot J. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Tract Infections

Context: Descriptions of the development of symptoms of upper airway obstruction and sudden death of children with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) while on GH therapy have led to concern about GH contributing to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), especially early in treatment. However, two studies using monitoring with polysomnography (PSG) have not shown deterioration in OSA after 6 wk on GH, except as related to upper respiratory tract infections. Objective: The aim was to describe the evolution of OSA in a girl with PWS on GH treatment in order to highlight important aspects of long-term clinical monitoring for patients with PWS on GH treatment. Patient and Research Design: GH was commenced when the patient was 2.9 yr of age. PSG was performed at baseline and 7 wk after commencing GH, plus at intervals throughout treatment based on symptoms of OSA. Intervention: GH was given at doses ranging from 4.2 to 4.7 mg/m2 · wk over a period of 3 yr. Main Outcome Measure: OSA was quantified by PSG. Results: OSA was not present at baseline or after 7 wk on GH but developed after 6 months, following a small increase in GH dose. Cessation of GH was accompanied by resolution of OSA. GH was restarted 2 yr later, again associated with the development of OSA that resolved after cessation of GH. Conclusion: This case highlights that OSA may develop late in GH treatment. Children should be monitored for the symptoms of OSA throughout GH treatment, and PSG should be repeated if symptoms develop.

Impact of nasal airway obstruction on dentofacial development and sleep disturbances in children: preliminary notes

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Defabjanis
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Dentofacial Development

Respiratory disorders in the upper respiratory tract during sleep are most often part of a continuous pathological process of long standing. Schematically, three clinical syndromes with increasing severity are described: breathing with the mouth open, snoring and sleep apneal hypopnea syndrome. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a subtle, but severe sleep disorder of early childhood. It is often difficult to detect and may have long-term consequences, including failure to thrive, behavioral disturbances, developmental delay, and cor pulmonale.1 These conditions always include a functional maxillofacial perturbation, which may be associated with a constitutional or acquired morphological disorder. Pediatric dentists must be aware of the problems connected with mouth breathing and OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) in children as any delay in diagnosis and treatment may cause prolonged morbidity. They also have a role in the diagnosis and co-management of these patients because the signs and symptoms may be recognizable in the dental practice. Besides the medical approach itself, the treatment sometimes is surgical, always orthopedic: the earlier it is initiated, the more effective, simple and unrestraining it is. The aim of this work is to focus attention on the early diagnosis and prevention of these pathologies. Diagnostic guidelines will be illustrated.

scholarly journals Prospects of application of cone beam computed tomography for analyzing upper respiratory tract pathologies in patients with dentition system diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
S. P. Rubnikovich ◽  
I. S. Abelskaya ◽  
Yu. L. Denisova ◽  
S. V. Sirak ◽  
V. G. Shishov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Distal Occlusion

The goal of the study was to analyze the upper respiratory tract condition indicators obtained by means of сone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for patients with dentition system diseases and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Patients were divided into 3 study groups. The control group (the 1st study group) included the CBCT data obtained for 33 healthy patients. The 2nd study group included the CBCT data obtained for 136 patients with dentition system diseases (partial secondary edentia combined with chronic generalized periodontitis) without sleep disorder signs. The 3rd study group included the CBCT data obtained for 70 patients with partial secondary edentia combined with deep distal occlusion and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The CBCT method using the proposed diagnosis criteria made it possible to identify not only dentition system diseases, but also the dysfunction of the upper respiratory tract, in particular the OSAS causes. It was found with confidence that the reduction of the upper respiratory tract diagnostic indicators by 40 % or more, as compared to the regulatory indicators of healthy patients, led to the dysfunction of the respiratory tract and the apnoea development. Deep distal occlusion and secondary edentia conditioned the presence of the upper respiratory tract concave configuration and the localization of the minimum cross-sectional area below the occlusion plane, which increases the probability of development and progression of the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

scholarly journals Pediatric obstructive sleep apneea – surgical treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Corneliu TOADER ◽  
◽  
Mioriţa TOADER ◽  
Andreea ŞERBĂNICĂ ◽  
Mircea DRĂGHICI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Complete Obstruction ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of upper respiratory airways which appear during sleep and lead to the decrease of oxygen saturation and numerous awakenings. The symptomatology in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is very different from the adult type in many aspects. The gold standard examination for diagnosis and evaluation of severity is polysomnography. The authors present their experience in the surgical tratament of children with obstructive sleep apnea. It is outlined a group of patient enrolled during a period of 5 years (2010-2014) who had their tonsils reduced through coblation and radiofrequency techniques.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the upper airways condition in patients with snoring and obstructive apnea during sleeping

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Yuriy V. Minin ◽  
Tetiana I. Kucherenko ◽  
Ganna Y. Minina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Severe Manifestation ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Aim: study the anatomical features of the upper respiratory tract in patients with ronchopathy of varying degrees of clinical manifestations. Materials and methods: 60 patients with persistent snoring were under supervision. They were divided into four clinical groups depending on the degree of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. All patients underwent clinical and instrumental examination, which included cardio-respiratory monitoring and MRI examination of the upper respiratory tract. Results: In the comparative analysis of results of clinical studies of the upper respiratory tract of patients with and without obstructive sleeping apnea, there was a statistically significant narrowing of the retroglossal space in 45,7% and 16%, respectively. In the analysis of morphometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract in patients with sleep-disordered breathing of varying severity, there was a narrowing of the retropalatinal and retroglossal lumens of the pharynx due to the increase in the soft palate and tongue with its dislocation posteriorly. It is stated that more pronounced narrowing of the lumen of the upper respiratory tract leads to respiratory disorders during sleeping. The most severe manifestation of respiration deterioration during sleeping were observed in the narrowing of the upper respiratory tract at several levels.

scholarly journals Model predictive control approach for a CPAP-device

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Scheel ◽  
Andreas Berndt ◽  
Olaf Simanski
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractThe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by a collapse of the upper respiratory tract, resulting in a reduction of the blood oxygen- and an increase of the carbon dioxide (CO2) - concentration, which causes repeated sleep disruptions. The gold standard to treat the OSAS is the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The continuous pressure keeps the upper airway open and prevents the collapse of the upper respiratory tract and the pharynx. Most of the available CPAP-devices cannot maintain the pressure reference [1]. In this work a model predictive control approach is provided. This control approach has the possibility to include the patient’s breathing effort into the calculation of the control variable. Therefore a patient-individualized control strategy can be developed.

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