scholarly journals Effect of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin on QT Interval Prolongation and Other Cardiac Arrhythmias in COVID-19 Confirmed Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Parsa Eftekhar ◽  
Sohrab Kazemi ◽  
Mohammad Barary ◽  
Mostafa Javanian ◽  
Soheil Ebrahimpour ◽  
...  

Background. Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin was one of the common therapies at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. They can prolong QT interval, cause torsade de pointes, and lead to sudden cardiac death. We aimed to assess QT interval prolongation and its risk factors in patients who received hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin. Methods. This study was a retrospective cohort study. One hundred seventy-two confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in this study, hospitalized at Babol University of Medical Sciences hospitals between March 5, 2020, and April 3, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: hydroxychloroquine alone and hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin. Electrocardiograms were used for outcome assessment. Results. 83.1% of patients received hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin vs. 16.9% of patients who received only hydroxychloroquine. The mean age of patients was 59.2 ± 15.4 .The mean of posttreatment QTc interval in the monotherapy group was shorter than the mean of posttreatment QTc interval in the combination therapy group, but it had no significant statistical difference ( 462.5 ± 43.1 milliseconds vs. 464.3 ± 59.1 milliseconds; p = 0.488 ). Generally, 22.1% of patients had a prolonged QTc interval after treatment. Male gender, or baseline QTc ≥ 450 milliseconds, or high-risk Tisdale score increased the likelihood of prolonged QTc interval. Due to QTc prolongation, fourteen patients did not continue therapy after four days. Conclusions. Hospitalized patients treated by hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin had no significant difference in prolongation of QT interval and outcome. The numbers of patients with prolonged QT intervals in this study emphasize careful cardiac monitoring during therapy, especially in high-risk patients.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Parsa Eftekhar ◽  
Sohrab Kazemi ◽  
Mohammad Barary ◽  
Mostafa Javanian ◽  
Soheil Ebrahimpour ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundHydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin was one of the common therapies at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. They can prolong QT interval, cause Torsade de pointes, and lead to sudden cardiac death. We aimed to assess QT interval prolongation and its risk factors in patients who received hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. 172 patients with COVID-19 included, hospitalized at hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences between March 5, 2020, and April 3, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: hydroxychloroquine alone and hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin. Electrocardiograms were used for outcome assessment.Results83.1% of patients received hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin vs 16.9% of patients who received only hydroxychloroquine. The mean age of patients was 59.2 ± 15.4. The mean of post-treatment QTc interval in the monotherapy group was shorter than the mean of post-treatment QTc interval in the combination therapy group but it had no significant statistical difference (462.5 ± 43.1 milliseconds vs 464.3 ± 59.1 milliseconds; P = 0.488). Generally, 22.1% of patients had a prolonged QTc interval after treatment. Male gender, or baseline QTc ≥ 450 milliseconds, or high-risk Tisdale score increased the likelihood of prolonged QTc interval. Due to QTc prolongation, 14 patients did not continue therapy after 4 days.ConclusionHospitalized patients treated with hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin, had no significant difference in prolongation of QT interval and outcome. But the number of patients with prolonged QT intervals in this study emphasizes careful cardiac monitoring during therapy; especially in high-risk patients.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Scuotto ◽  
Rogério Marra ◽  
Lilian Leite de Almeida ◽  
Mariana Santa Rita Soares ◽  
Gabriela Kurita Silva ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been described as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there are safety concerns regarding its QT interval and pro-arrhythmic effects.ObjectiveThis trial aimed to determine the predictors of QT interval prolongation and pro-arrhythmic effects in patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection and receiving HCQ.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study of 45 critically-ill patients hospitalized because of SARS-CoV-2 infection and treated with 800 mg of HCQ at day 1 and 400 mg on days 2–5. Clinical aspects and outcomes, basal and final corrected QT (QTc) interval, and the incidence of arrhythmias and arrhythmogenic death were observed. Independent predictors of QTc prolongation were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. QT interval prolongation was considered substantial at final QTc ≥ 480 ms.ResultsThe mean age was 60.9 ± 16.67 years and 28 (62.2%) patients were men. Basal QTc was 442 ± 28 ms, and the final QTc interval was 458 ± 34 ms, for a mean QTc interval variation of 15 ± 11 ms. There was no arrhythmogenic death. The need for hemodialysis remained a statistically significant predictor of QT interval enlargement (odds ratio, 10.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 – 102.18; p = 0.045).ConclusionsHCQ promotes mild to moderate QT interval prolongation. The risk of QT interval prolongation is higher among patients with acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis.


2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Torben K. Becker ◽  
Sai-Ching J. Yeung

Cancer patients are at an increased risk for QT interval prolongation and subsequent potentially fatal Torsade de pointes tachycardia due to the multiple drugs used for treatment of malignancies and the associated symptoms and complications. Based on a systematic review of the literature, this article analyzes the risk for prolongation of the QT interval with antineoplastic agents and commonly used concomitant drugs. This includes anthracyclines, fluorouracil, alkylating agents, and new molecularly targeted therapeutics, such as vascular disruption agents. Medications used in the supportive care can also prolong QT intervals, such as methadone, 5-HT3-antagonists and antihistamines, some antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals. We describe the presumed mechanism of QT interval prolongation, drug-specific considerations, as well as important clinical interactions. Multiple risk factors and drug–drug interactions increase this risk for dangerous arrhythmias. We propose a systematic approach to evaluate cancer patients for the risk of QT interval prolongation and how to prevent adverse effects.


QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Gaber ◽  
Yousry A Abdelhamed ◽  
Mona M Wahid Eldin ◽  
Islam M Bastawy ◽  
Maram S Nasef

Abstract Introduction Background SUDEP is leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic refractory epilepsy. Despite several epidemiological studies, case series , monitored and witnessed SUDEP the exact mechanism is not proposed Objective This work was carried out to assess QT interval prolongation in epilepsy and whether there’s a difference in QT interval prolongation between temporal epilepsy and non-temporal epilepsy. Patients and methods This study was conducted on 100 patients, 50 aged and sex matched healthy controls who underwent a prolonged (6 to 24 hours) 22 channel computerized EEG monitor with 10-20 system electrode placement and 12 lead electrocardiogram (25 millisecond speed). QT, QTd and QTc using Bazzet’s formulae were calculated. Results The results showed statistically significant difference prolongation of QT interval in epilepsy particularly temporal lobe epilepsy. Conclusion Significant prolongation of QT interval in epilepsy patients (11% suffered pathological prolonged QT). Marked prolongation of QTc and QTd in temporal lobe epilepsy over non temporal group.


2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Cathlene Seller ◽  
Piet Oosthuizen

Background. Thioridazine has long been used as a first-line antipsychotic in South Africa without any apparent problems. Recently the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Novartis have warned of potentially lethal arrhythmias that may result from the use of thioridazine. Abnormal QT-interval prolongation on the electrocardiogram (ECG) seems to be the most reliable indicator of risk of arrhythmias, such as torsade de pointes and ventricular fibrillation.Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these warnings are of clinical relevance in a setting where there are already a limited number of antipsychotics available.Method. Thirty hospitalised subjects who required switching from a high-potency to a low-potency antipsychotic were included. All subjects were commenced on thioridazine 300 mg per day and had an ECG 1 week after initiation and 48 hours after each dose adjustment. QTc was determined using Bazett’s formula.Results. Thioridazine induced a significant increase (p = 0.0001) in QTc interval from baseline values of 400.6 (± 27.3) milliseconds to 429.1 (± 44.2) milliseconds. The QTc interval increased to above 450 milliseconds in 7 subjects (23%) and thioridazine was discontinued in 2 subjects because of a QTc interval greater or equal to 500 milliseconds.Conclusion. Thioridazine caused a significant, although asymptomatic, increase in QTc interval in almost one-quarter of subjects who received the medication as second-line treatment. Thioridazine should no longer be used as a first-line treatment and if used it should be accompanied by regular ECG monitoring.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jiménez-Jáimez ◽  
Rosa Macías-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Bermúdez-Jiménez ◽  
Ricardo Rubini-Costa ◽  
Jessica Ramírez-Taboada ◽  
...  

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is a rapidly evolving pandemic causing great morbimortality. Medical therapy with hydroxicloroquine, azitromycin and protease inhibitors is being empirically used, with reported data of QTc interval prolongation. Our aim is to assess QT interval behaviour in a not critically ill and not monitored cohort of patients. We evaluated admitted and ambulatory patients with COVID-19 patients with 12 lead electrocardiogram at 48 h after treatment initiation. Other clinical and analytical variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the magnitude of the QT interval prolongation under treatment and to identify clinical, analytical and electrocardiographic risk markers of QT prolongation independent predictors. We included 219 patients (mean age of 63.6 ± 17.4 years, 48.9% were women and 16.4% were outpatients. The median baseline QTc was 416 ms (IQR 404–433), and after treatment QTc was prolonged to 423 ms (405–438) (P < 0.001), with an average increase of 1.8%. Most of the patients presented a normal QTc under treatment, with only 31 cases (14.1%) showing a QTc interval > 460 ms, and just one case with QTc > 500 ms. Advanced age, longer QTc basal at the basal ECG and lower potassium levels were independent predictors of QTc interval prolongation. Ambulatory and not critically ill patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and/or antiretrovirals develop a significant, but not relevant, QT interval prolongation.


Author(s):  
Amy D Morris ◽  
Jennifer Chen ◽  
Elaine Lau ◽  
Jennifer Poh

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Domperidone is a prokinetic agent used to treat pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease. Health Canada has issued warnings about an increased risk of domperidone-associated ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, the supporting data referred only to adult patients; therefore, extrapolating the safety risks to pediatric patients is difficult.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize and evaluate the evidence for domperidone associated QT interval prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death to determine the safety of this drug for pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Data Sources: </strong>Two databases (MEDLINE [1946 to August 2015] and Embase [1980 to August 2015]) were searched with the following Medical Subject Headings and keywords: “domperidone”, “arrhythmias, cardiac”, “death, sudden, cardiac”, “electrocardiography”, “heart diseases”, “long QT syndrome”, “tachycardia, ventricular”, “torsades de pointes”, and “ventricular fibrillation”. The search was limited to studies conducted in humans under 18 years of age and published in English.</p><p><strong>Study Selection and Data Extraction:</strong> Original research included in this review reported on the cardiac-related safety of domperidone in nononcologic patients under 18 years of age.</p><p><strong>Data Synthesis: </strong>Of the 5 studies meeting the inclusion criteria (<em>n </em>= 137 patients), one reported a statistically significant change in the corrected QT (QTc) interval, but the clinical significance was unclear. Most of the studies reported rare occurrences of pathological QTc intervals in a limited number of patients. However, confounding factors (e.g., abnormal electrolyte level or concurrent medications) were not consistently considered. Potential bias might have been alleviated by blinding of electrocardiogram (ECG) assessors; however, this was not consistently implemented. The designs of the included studies did not allow assessment of causality. The results should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the available evidence is limited, pathological QTc intervals were noted among a small number of infants, which supports the possibility of domperidone-associated risk of prolonged QTc interval. Because of the potential severity of QT interval prolongation, individual assessment and routine ECG monitoring should be implemented for patients receiving domperidone.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong></p><p><strong>Contexte : </strong>La dompéridone est un agent gastroprocinétique utilisé pour traiter le reflux gastro-oesophagien chez l’enfant. Santé Canada a publié des mises en garde à propos d’un risque accru d’arythmies ventriculaires et de mort subite cardiaque associées à la dompéridone. Or, comme les données probantes ne concernent que l’adulte, il est difficile de généraliser les risques pour la santé à l’enfant.</p><p><strong>Objectif : </strong>Résumer et analyser les données probantes portant sur l’allongement de l’intervalle QT, les arythmies ventriculaires et la mort subite cardiaque associés à la dompéridone afin de déterminer le degré d’innocuité du médicament chez l’enfant.</p><p><strong>Sources des données : </strong>Deux bases de données (MEDLINE [1946 à août 2015] et EMBASE [1980 à août 2015]) ont été interrogées en utilisant les mots clés et les Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) suivants : « domperidone »  dompéridone), « arrhythmias, cardiac » (arythmies cardiaques), « death, sudden, cardiac » (mort, subite, cardiaque),« electrocardiography » (électrocardiographie), « heart diseases » (cardiopathies), « long QT syndrome » (syndrome du QT long), « tachycardia, ventricular » (tachycardie, ventriculaire), « torsades de pointes » (torsades de pointes) et « ventricular fibrillation » (fibrillation ventriculaire). La recherche se limitait aux études publiées en anglais et effectuées chez l’humain de moins de 18 ans.</p><p><strong>Sélection des études et extraction des données : </strong>Les études retenues dans la présente revue abordaient l’innocuité cardiaque de la dompéridone chez les patients de moins de 18 ans qui ne sont pas atteints d’un cancer.</p><p><strong>Synthèse des données : </strong>Parmi les cinq études qui répondaient aux critères d’inclusion (<em>n </em>= 137 patients), une indiquait un changement statistiquement significatif dans l’intervalle QT corrigé (QTc), mais la signification clinique demeurait floue. La plupart des études signalaient de rares cas d’intervalles QTc pathologiques chez un nombre limité de patients. Cependant, des facteurs de confusion (déséquilibre électrolytique ou emploi concomitant de médicaments, par exemple) n’étaient pas systématiquement pris en compte. Il aurait été possible d’éviter de potentiels biais en tenant les lecteurs d’électrocardiogramme (ECG) dans l’ignorance du traitement, mais cette mesure n’était pas toujours mise en oeuvre. Les plans des études retenues ne permettaient pas d’évaluer la causalité. Il faut donc interpréter les résultats avec prudence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions : </strong>Bien qu’il n’y ait que peu de données probantes, des cas d’intervalles QTc pathologiques ont été relevés chez un petit nombre de nourrissons, ce qui vient appuyer le risque possible d’allongement de l’intervalle QTc associé à la dompéridone. À cause de la potentielle gravité de l’allongement de l’intervalle QT, une évaluation individuelle et une surveillance ECG systématique doit être mise en place pour les patients qui reçoivent de la dompéridone.</p>


2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos P. Letsas ◽  
Michalis Efremidis ◽  
Stavros P. Kounas ◽  
Loukas K. Pappas ◽  
Gerasimos Gavrielatos ◽  
...  

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