scholarly journals Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in the Middle East and North Africa: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mazin Barry
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Mena Region

Objective. Data on the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Middle Eastern and North African countries are scarce. We aimed to review all relevant published data in countries belonging to this region to determine the overall prevalence of LTBI in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Methods. In this systematic review PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for observational, prospective, retrospective, cross-sectional, and cohort studies providing prevalence data of LTBI in any MENA country. Studies fulfilling the search criteria were incorporated in the review. Overall prevalence of LTBI with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated using the random-effects model; heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 statistics. Gender and age group-based subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the basis of heterogeneity. Results. The total number of overall LTBI studies identified was 956, of which 31 studies from ten countries within the MENA region were included that represented 12,439 subjects. The overall prevalence was 41.78% (95% CI 31.18% to 52.78%, I 2 = 99.31 % ). By gender-based subgroup analysis, the prevalence of LTBI was 33.12% (95% CI 18.97% to 49.04%, I 2 = 99.25 % ) and 32.65% (95% CI 19.79% to 47%, I 2 = 98.89 % ) in males and females, respectively, while in the age-based subgroup analysis, the prevalence of LTBI was 0.44% (95% CI -0.05% to 0.9%), 3.37% (95% CI 2.23% to 4.74%, I 2 = 0 % ), and 43.81% (95% CI 33.09% to 54.82%, I 2 = 99.18 % ) for children, adolescents, and adults, respectively. Conclusion. This systematic review reveals a high prevalence of LTBI in the MENA region; enhanced LTBI surveillance and prompt infection prevention steps are urgently needed to prevent active tuberculosis, this would help achieve the World Health Organization End TB Strategy 2035, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030 target in the MENA region.

scholarly journals Systematic review of latent tuberculosis infection research to inform programmatic management in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O’Connell ◽  
Eoghan de Barra ◽  
Samuel McConkey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Ltbi Screening

AbstractThe World Health Organisation (WHO) End Tuberculosis (TB) Strategy and the WHO Framework Towards Tuberculosis Elimination in Low Incidence Countries state that latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and treatment in selected high-risk groups is a priority action to eliminate TB. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) advises that this should be done through high-quality programmatic management, which they describe as having six key components. The research aim was to systematically review the literature to identify what is known about the epidemiology of LTBI and the uptake and completion of LTBI screening and treatment in Ireland to inform the programmatic management of LTBI nationally. A systematic literature review was performed according to a review protocol and reported in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Twenty-eight studies were eligible for inclusion and described LTBI screening or treatment performed in one of five contexts, pre-biologic or other immunosuppression screening, people living with HIV, TB case contacts, other vulnerable populations, or healthcare workers. The risk of bias across studies with regard to prevalence of LTBI was generally high. One study reported a complete cascade of LTBI care from screening initiation to treatment completion. This systematic review has described what published research there is on the epidemiology and cascade of LTBI care in Ireland and identified knowledge gaps. A strategy for addressing these knowledge gaps has been proposed.

scholarly journals Determinants of dental caries in children in the Middle East and North Africa region:  A systematic review based on literature published from 2000 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Elamin ◽  
Malin Garemo ◽  
Anzelle Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
North Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Dental caries risk factors have been expanded to not only emphasize biology and dietary and oral habits but also broader social determinants such as socioeconomic factors and the utilization of health services. The aim was to review sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries in children residing in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline database and Google Scholar to identify studies published from 2000–2019 covering children using key search terms. In the initial stages, titles, abstracts and, if needed, full articles were screened for eligibility. In the final stage, all included articles were reassessed and read, and relevant data were extracted. Results Out of 600 initial articles, a total of 77 were included in this review, of which 74 were cross-sectional, 2 were longitudinal and one was a case-control study. The studies included a total of 94,491 participants in 14 countries across the MENA region. A majority used the World Health Organization scoring system to assess dental caries. The caries prevalence ranged between 17.2–88.8%, early childhood caries between 3–57% and decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) varied between 0.6–8.5 across the various age groups. Increased age, low maternal education, low overall socioeconomic status, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, low parental involvement, poor oral habits, infant feeding practices and sugar were among the most prevalent determinants for increased risk of caries in the reviewed studies. Conclusions Dental caries was found to be high among children in many of the studies published from MENA. The key determinants of dental caries were found to include factors related to child characteristics, family background, oral hygiene and infant feeding and eating habits. The high dental caries prevalence emphasises the need to address the prevailing modifiable sociobehavioural and socioeconomic determinants by translating them into effective oral health prevention policies and programmes.

scholarly journals Initiation and completion rates for latent tuberculosis infection treatment: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Sandgren ◽  
Marije Vonk Noordegraaf-Schouten ◽  
Femke van Kessel ◽  
Anke Stuurman ◽  
Anouk Oordt-Speets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Infection Treatment

scholarly journals The epidemiology of Norovirus in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Kreidieh ◽  
Rana Charide ◽  
Ghassan Dbaibo ◽  
Nada M. Melhem
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Mena Region
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