scholarly journals Tree Diversity and Damage by Cypress Aphid, Cinara cupressi, on Juniperus procera in Gulele Botanical Garden and Entoto

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sitotaw Kebede ◽  
Tewodros Mulugeta
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Mixed Plantation ◽  
Juniperus Procera ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Cypress Aphid ◽  
The Impact

Juniperus procera is an important tree species in Ethiopia. Increasing demand for fuelwood and construction material has also created markets for J. procera products. The impact of cypress aphid, Cinara cupressi, on J. procera is becoming catastrophic in the country. However, the level of cypress aphid damage on J. procera has never been studied in Entoto Mountain forest and Gullele Botanical Garden (GBG) in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess the cypress aphid densities and extent of damage caused by the cypress aphid on solely and mixed planted J. procera in Entoto Mountain forest and GBG in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, by evaluating aphid adult and nymph densities and damage to J. procera trees. Eight plots of 50 m ∗ 50 m planted with pure J. procera and mixed J. procerawere selected at each site. Five 5 m ∗ 5 m subplots were formed. To assess aphid density hthree tree twigs per whorl were sampled from each tree in the subplots randomly. The collected samples were examined in the laboratory for the presence of nymph and adult cypress aphid. Tree damage was assessed by visually observing the percentage of infestation in the tree crown and was scored on a 1–5 scale. The results showed significant differences in aphid densities between the sites. The highest aphid count was observed at Entoto Mountain. Besides, the solely planted J. procera trees had higher cypress aphid numbers than the mixed plantation. The mean percentage of aphid-infested trees in Entoto and GBG was 53.6 and 46.4, respectively. Tree mortality was extremely low in both sites and planting systems. The level of aphid damage was also significantly different between the planting systems, where mixed plantations had a lower aphid infestation level. Tree damage was directly correlated with the density of aphids collected. In conclusion, cypress aphid was apparent in both sites, and most of the trees were infested by this pest. However, the extent of damage varied with the planting system. Therefore, it is recommended to consider a mixed plantation of trees as one of cypress aphid management tools in J. procera.

scholarly journals Aphids Facing Their Parasitoids: A First Look at How Chemical Signals May Make Higher Densities of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Less Attractive to the Parasitoid Aphidius ervi

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Mohannad Ismail ◽  
Penelope Zanolli ◽  
Frédéric Muratori ◽  
Thierry Hance
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Induced Volatiles ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Infestation Density ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Impact

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles constitute the first indicators of insect host presence, and these can affect the foraging behavior of their natural enemies. The density of insect hosts may affect the nature and concentration of these plant-induced volatiles. We tested the impact of infestation density (low, intermediate, and high) of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae), feeding on the broad bean Vicia faba, on the attractiveness of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), using a Y-tube olfactometer (infested vs. non-infested plants). The emitted volatile compounds from both infested and non-infested plants were collected and identified. In addition, two series of experiments were carried out to test the impact of the presence of a conspecific female parasitoid within the aphid/plant complex on the attractiveness to other females. Parasitoids were significantly more attracted to the plants with low and intermediate aphid infestation levels. The volatile blend composition of the infested plants changed in relation to aphid density and may explain the low attraction of parasitoids toward high aphid density. The presence of conspecific females on the aphid patch had no apparent impact on the behavioral choices of other parasitoid females. Our study adds a new aspect to understanding plant–aphid–parasitoid interactions, including the possibility that aphids may manipulate chemical cues of host plants affecting the orientation of parasitoids.

scholarly journals Rapid Assessment of Tree Damage Resulting from a 2020 Windstorm in Iowa, USA

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Goff ◽  
Mark D. Nelson ◽  
Greg C. Liknes ◽  
Tivon E. Feeley ◽  
Scott A. Pugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Forest Inventory Data ◽  
Damage Susceptibility ◽  
The Impact

A need to quantify the impact of a particular wind disturbance on forest resources may require rapid yet reliable estimates of damage. We present an approach for combining pre-disturbance forest inventory data with post-disturbance aerial survey data to produce design-based estimates of affected forest area and number and volume of trees damaged or killed. The approach borrows strength from an indirect estimator to adjust estimates from a direct estimator when post-disturbance remeasurement data are unavailable. We demonstrate this approach with an example application from a recent windstorm, known as the 2020 Midwest Derecho, which struck Iowa, USA, and adjacent states on 10–11 August 2020, delivering catastrophic damage to structures, crops, and trees. We estimate that 2.67 million trees and 1.67 million m3 of sound bole volume were damaged or killed on 23 thousand ha of Iowa forest land affected by the 2020 derecho. Damage rates for volume were slightly higher than for number of trees, and damage on live trees due to stem breakage was more prevalent than branch breakage, both likely due to higher damage probability in the dominant canopy of larger trees. The absence of post-storm observations in the damage zone limited direct estimation of storm impacts. Further analysis of forest inventory data will improve understanding of tree damage susceptibility under varying levels of storm severity. We recommend approaches for improving estimates, including increasing spatial or temporal extents of reference data used for indirect estimation, and incorporating ancillary satellite image-based products.

scholarly journals Morphological features of Hylotelephium triphillum (Haw.) Holub (Crassulaceae DC.) under different light conditions when introduced into the steppe zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Lidiya Vasilyevna Privalko
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
The Impact

In recent decades floral devices in a natural style has been becoming more common in gardening. In this connection there was a need for the introduction and study of the natural flora of plants in order to attract them to simulate the decorative and resistant plants. The article presents the results of studies of the effect of different light conditions on the habitat features and decorative biomorphological Hylotelephium triphyllum (Haw.) Holub (Crassulaceae DC.) when introduced in SE Donetsk Botanical Garden. This species is found naturally in the flora of Donbass, a decorative, but, according to the results of our analysis, is rarely used in green construction. Bioecological certification of this type has been done. It has been determined that the impact of site lighting conditions on the growth and development of H. triphyllum expressed in significantly smaller numbers of vegetative and generative shoots in the shaded areas. However, since the diameter of the plants does not change, more thickened planting in these areas is not recommended. The author found the dependence of the variation of the biometric data on the lighting conditions. In the study of seasonal dynamics of H. triphyllum the author revealed that the development of above-ground organs of his passes with a positive amount of average daily air temperatures. The growing season lasts an average of 225 days. Start of spring regrowth is observed in the second half of March - early April, flowering - in August - September, fruits - in September - October. Vegetation stops when temperature goes below zero. Illumination of this type of habitat affect the time of vegetation beginning, budding, flowering, fruit set and fruit-bearing. On the shaded areas due to the later start of budding and flowering the most decorative period of H. triphyllum is shorter by an average of 10 days. This type is recommended for creation of group planting, stony hills, dry streams, rock gardens, rockeries, mixborders, curbs, ornamental compositions in the coastal zone of ornamental ponds and fountains in the steppe zone in areas with different light conditions, taking into account the above factors.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Efficiency of Vermicompost Derived from Different Biowastes on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant Growth and Soil Health

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Aslam ◽  
Safdar Bashir ◽  
Waseem Hassan ◽  
Korkmaz Bellitürk ◽  
Niaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
The Impact

The present study was conducted to explore the role of different types of vermicomposts (VCs) prepared from different substrates to improve soil health (physical and chemical properties) and wheat plant growth under field conditions. Different combinations of vermicompost prepared from different substrates (cow dung, paper waste, and rice straw) and inorganic fertilizers were applied in soil using wheat as a test plant. The impact of three different VCs on physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient availability in soil was evaluated to examine their efficacy in combination with chemical fertilizers. Temporal trends in vermicomposting treatments at various stages showed significant improvement in physico-chemical attributes of the VCs substrates. All the plant physiological attributes showed significant response where N:P:K 100:50:50 kg ha−1 + 10 t ha−1 cow dung vermicompost was applied. In addition, post-harvest analysis of soil not only revealed that different combinations of the vermicomposting treatments improved the soil health by improving the physico-chemical attributes of the soil. Conclusively, application of cow dung vermicompost along with recommended NPK not only improved crop yield, soil health, reduced insect (aphid) infestation but also fortified grains with Zn and Fe.

scholarly journals INTRASPECIFIC POLYMORPHISM OF PLANTS IN THE СENTRAL RUSSIAN FOREST-STEPPE

Ekosistemy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol - (21) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Z. P. Mukovnina ◽  
A. A. Voronin
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
State University ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Long Time ◽  
External Causes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Russian Forest

Research of the flora of some areas of the Central Russian forest-steppe shows that a number of plants has deviations from the main species characteristics. The fact that there is a continuous series of variations from individual to species level in nature has long been known for a long time (Darwin, 1991). The reasons and results of this are very different and unpredictable. The ability of plants to change their phenotype is genetically determined. The scope of intraspecific differentiation depends on many external causes. The intraspecific potential of plants reveals itself when ecological situation and geographical fragmentation modify. In result, populations which significantly differ from the main genotype are formed. The impact of new environmental conditions is shown in the examples of Genista tinctoria L., Achillea millefolium L., Salvia pratensis L. The Trifolium lupinaster or Lupinaster pentaphyllus is an example of the introduction of geographically distant genetically stable races. Some species can be represented by different morphobiotypes. For example, erect (haying) and lying (pasture) forms of Lotus corniculatus, Medicago falcata, Astragalus onobrychis. There are some transitional forms. Populations of tall and low growing Anemone sylvestris were observed. A pronounced manifestation of intraspecific diversity is the polychrome of flowers. It was found in рlants from different families: species of iris, Schrenka tulip (Tulipa suaveolens), lily of the Saranka (Lilium pilosiusculum) and others. The collection of the botanical garden for over 20 years contains garden forms of plants of natural flora, which appeared due to spontaneous new formations. These are variegated forms of Aegopodium podagraria and Galeobdolon luteum. The results of the introduction of species and intraspecific diversity of rare and economically valuable plants in the Botanical garden of the Voronezh state University are presented.

scholarly journals Impact of Human Activities on the Distribution of Termite Communities in Teak Plantations (Tectona grandis L. F., Verbenaceae) in the Korhogo Communal Area (North Côte d'Ivoire)

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Tenon Coulibaly ◽  
Franceline Doh ◽  
Ekien Alloua A. Bertille Kadio ◽  
Kindo Yves-Joël Boko ◽  
Alexandre Moïse Akpa Akpesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Teak Plantation ◽  
Communal Area ◽  
Teak Plantations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of human activities on termites in teak plantations in the Korhogo communal area. Methodology: Termites were sampled from October to November 2020 using the transect method recommended by Jones and Eggleton (2000). The study was carried out in three teak plantations undergoing different levels of human activities, with a forest fragment as reference area. Five types of human activity were assessed and the overall proportion of human pressure on each habitat was calculated. The species richness (S), Shannon index (H'), Evenness (E) and the relative abundance were calculated of termites for each habitat type. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the species richness and abundance of termites. Results: The results showed that the village plantation of teak (PVT) had the highest degree of human pressure (50.94%), followed by the teak plantation of the forest of Mount Korhogo (TFMK) (29.24%). The teak plantation of Botanical Garden (TJB) was under low pressure (6.60%). A total of 30 species grouped in 19 genera and 8 sub-families of termites were identified in all plots. Termite diversity was high in the forest fragment (19.67 ± 1.15) and in the teak plantation of Botanical Garden (21.33 ± 2.08), but low in the village teak plantation (11 ± 1). The abundance of termites evolves in the same direction as the species richness. Conclusion: Anthropogenic activities affect the trophic composition of termites, particularly the humivore group. Reconstruction of the fauna and flora of the teak forests would be beneficial for the conservation of termite species. In this region, teak forests would thus play a role as a refuge for termite communities, which are recognised as the main soil fertilising organisms in the tropics.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Developing Nations: Emerging Mental Health Challenges and Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
Flavia Noronha ◽  
Sanju Pant ◽  
Renjulal Yesodharan ◽  
Asha Nayak ◽  
Rochelle Dsa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Mental Health Challenges ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
The Impact

The world is facing an unprecedented challenge of the 21st century in the form of COVID-19 outbreak. People across the culture, race, ethnicity, socio-economic background are being affected by the rippling effects of this pandemic. The aim of this narrative review is to briefly describe the impact of the pandemic on mental health, the vicious cycle of social issues and psychological health caused and aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic. We also aim to highlight certain interventions to overcome the mental health challenges posed by the pandemic. For this purpose, a thorough search of all databases was done to gather articles relevant to the objective of this narrative review. Keywords were used in combination and separately to identify the articles on the various psychosocial issues caused by the pandemic. Published articles in various databases like Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed etc., related to psychosocial effects due to COVID-19 were searched and summarized to justify and support the objective of this paper. The coming months will reveal the extent of damage this pandemic has caused to the socio-economic and health sectors across the globe. It is crucial to recognize the psychosocial impact of this pandemic and necessitate the measures to overcome them by mobilizing the resources we have at hand.

scholarly journals Ground Pressure Changes Caused by MHT 8002HV Crawler Harvester Chassis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kormanek ◽  
Jiří Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Active Length ◽  
Ground Pressure ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contact Pressures ◽  
Made In

Ground contact pressures exerted by elements of the machine chassis on the ground in the forest are associated with the machine impact on the soil during its operation. In the case of a crawler system, determining the ground contact pressure appears simple, which is not entirely true. The aim of the study was to analyze the loads on the ground (forest soil) exerted by the MHT 8002HV crawler harvester chassis. The measurements were made in Forest School Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými Lesy, Central Bohemia Region in the Czech Republic, on brown soil made of clay on stony formations, fresh mixed mountain forest (FMMF), with the use of a hydraulic scale when extending the harvester crane forward along and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine. The calculations were carried out with a simulated load of the crane on the tree in question, assuming that the impact on the ground of the crawler system is heterogeneous and that the point impact comes from the crawler support wheels. As it was shown, the average ground contact pressures under the crawler track of the analyzed harvester generally do not exceed 70 kPa. The crane extension with a simulated load, which would have caused the crawler track to act on the ground with an average pressure exceeding 70 kPa, was limited by machine stability. On the other hand, high ground contact pressures may occur under a more loaded section of the crawler track if the active length of the crawler track is shortened. As it was shown in the case of a weak track tension, the course of ground contact pressures exerted on the soil deviates from the assumed usually homogeneous impact over the entire length of the crawler.

scholarly journals Study of Site Selection for Mountain Forest Wellness Based on GIS and Environmental Health Factors: A Case of Shilongxia Scenic Spot in Tianjin

2018 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 05025
Author(s):  
Chaochen Xue ◽  
Yonggang An ◽  
Siming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Scenic Spot ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, with the rapid development of forest health care industry in China, the demand for forest health care base, especially the construction of mountain forest health care base, has become increasingly urgent. Based on the spatial analysis function of GIS software and the impact of mountain forest environmental factors on human health, this paper briefly introduces the main site selection requirements and application of mountain forest recreation base, taking Jixian County as an example.

scholarly journals Attitudes toward Plants: Comparing the Impact of Instruction through Writing & through a Botanical Garden Trip

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Funda Gül İri ◽  
Emine Çil
Keyword(s):  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Support Students

We designed and implemented two instructional approaches to plant education, with the intention of supporting positive attitudes toward plants among sixth-grade students (11–13 years old). In one instructional approach, students prepared a book about plants that have interesting characteristics. In the other approach, students visited a botanical garden. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of these approaches on students' attitudes toward plants. A matched-pairs experimental design was used in the research. A total of 56 students (28 in each group) participated in the study. Data were gathered by using the Plant Attitude Questionnaire. This instrument consisted of 28 items using a five-point Likert scale and included four dimensions of attitudes toward plants: importance, urban trees, interest, and utilization. Our results indicate that instruction via writing a book about plants with interesting characteristics is a good way to support students' positive attitudes toward plants; this approach was especially effective in the dimensions of interest and utilization. The botanical garden trip was also effective, though in a more limited way, in supporting students' positive attitudes toward plants; this approach was most effective in the dimension of urban trees.

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