scholarly journals Biaxial Equatorial Solar Tracker with High Precision and Low Consumption: Modelling and Realization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Hicham Bouzakri ◽  
Ahmed Abbou ◽  
Khalil Tijani ◽  
Zakaria Abousserhane
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Normal Surface ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
Solar Tracker

The solar tracker is a mechanism that helps the photovoltaic panel to maximize its performance, while keeping it oriented towards direct solar radiation. In order to specify tracking, most solar trackers use two axes, one horizontal and the other vertical, which implies an increase of the consumed energy and a decrease in precision, since we have to make both motors operate simultaneously. This paper is a modelling of a biaxial solar tracker, with the principle of an equatorial mount, allowing it to precisely follow the sun via a single axis (equatorial axis), while the second axis (tilt axis) makes a small daily correction of few seconds at sunrise. In this way, our model keeps precision to the maximum, with minimum energy consumption. A detailed simulation clearly shows that the proposed model receives the maximum solar irradiation that a normal surface to solar radiation can receive and may in a certain period of the year receive a gain in the amount of solar irradiation; we have up to 63.47% compared to a fixed installation. The study details the different tracking methods, in order to adapt the concept model to the type of solar panel used. We closed finish the study with the realization of the prototype with a detailed explanation of the concept movement. To validate the simulation, we have made an experience that gives us the same results as given by simulation.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Experimentally Measured and Calculated Solar Radiations for Two Sites in Algeria

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7441
Author(s):  
Bouazza Fekkak ◽  
Mustapha Merzouk ◽  
Abdallah Kouzou ◽  
Ralph Kennel ◽  
Mohamed Abdelrahem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Global Solar Irradiation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Different Seasons

This paper presents a comparison study between the measured solar radiations on site and the calculated solar radiation based on the most theoretical models presented in the literature up to date. Indeed, for such purposes, this paper focusses on the analysis of the data of the measured solar radiation collected on two sites in Algeria such as Tlemcen (34°52′58″ N 01°19′00″ W, elevation 842 m) and Senia (35°39′ N 0°38′ W, elevation: 77 m). In order to check the accuracy of the proposed model, the experimental collected data of the solar radiation obtained from the existing radiometric stations installed at the two locations under investigation, are compared with the estimated or predicted solar radiations obtained from the Capderou and R.Sun models, where four days under clear skies are selected from different seasons to achieve this comparison. Second, the daily averages of the experimental global solar irradiation are compared to those predicted by Mefti model for both the sites. Finally, a validation is carried out based on the obtained experimental monthly global irradiations and with those estimated by Coppolino and Sivkov models. A relative difference is used in this case to judge the reliability and the accuracy of each model for both sites.

scholarly journals Regression models tolerant to massively missing data: a case study in solar radiation nowcasting

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 7137-7174 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Žliobaitė ◽  
J. Hollmén ◽  
H. Junninen
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Data Streaming ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Physical Sensors

Abstract. Statistical models for environmental monitoring strongly rely on automatic data acquisition systems, using various physical sensors. Often, sensor readings are missing for extended periods of time while model outputs need to be continuously available in real time. With a case study in solar radiation nowcasting, we investigate how to deal with massively missing data (around 50% of the time some data are unavailable) in such situations. Our goal is to analyze the characteristics of missing data and recommend a strategy for deploying regression models, which would be robust to missing data in situations, where data are massively missing. We are after one model that performs well at all times, with and without data gaps. Due to the need to provide instantaneous outputs with minimum energy consumption for computing in the data streaming setting, we dismiss computationally demanding data imputation methods, and resort to a simple mean replacement. We use an established strategy for comparing different regression models, with the possibility of determining how many missing sensor readings can be tolerated before model outputs become obsolete. We experimentally analyze accuracies and robustness to missing data of seven linear regression models and recommend using regularized PCA regression. We recommend using our established guideline in training regression models, which themselves are robust to missing data.

scholarly journals Regression models tolerant to massively missing data: a case study in solar-radiation nowcasting

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4387-4399 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Žliobaitė ◽  
J. Hollmén ◽  
H. Junninen
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Data Streaming ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption

Abstract. Statistical models for environmental monitoring strongly rely on automatic data acquisition systems that use various physical sensors. Often, sensor readings are missing for extended periods of time, while model outputs need to be continuously available in real time. With a case study in solar-radiation nowcasting, we investigate how to deal with massively missing data (around 50% of the time some data are unavailable) in such situations. Our goal is to analyze characteristics of missing data and recommend a strategy for deploying regression models which would be robust to missing data in situations where data are massively missing. We are after one model that performs well at all times, with and without data gaps. Due to the need to provide instantaneous outputs with minimum energy consumption for computing in the data streaming setting, we dismiss computationally demanding data imputation methods and resort to a mean replacement, accompanied with a robust regression model. We use an established strategy for assessing different regression models and for determining how many missing sensor readings can be tolerated before model outputs become obsolete. We experimentally analyze the accuracies and robustness to missing data of seven linear regression models. We recommend using the regularized PCA regression with our established guideline in training regression models, which themselves are robust to missing data.

A Distribution Method of Driving Torque for A Novel 3UPS-RR Redundant Solar Tracker

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hengchun Cui ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Qi Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Singular Configuration ◽  
Driving Torque

Abstract This paper proposes a novel two-axis solar tracker with redundant parallel mechanism and investigates the distribution method of driving torque. In view of the difference between the singular configuration of the redundant parallel mechanisms and that of the corresponding non-redundant ones, an index related to the minimum singular value of Jacobian matrix is used to indicate the position of the singular configuration relative to the boundaries of the required workspace. The driving torque and energy consumption can be optimized with this index. Based on the fact that the direction of driving torque is opposite to that of rotor in most of the running processes, a distribution method of driving torque with the minimum energy consumption for redundant parallel solar tracker is proposed. The distribution method is compared with the minimum norm solution which is adopted by the conventional redundant parallel mechanism. And the energy consumption can be significantly reduced by adopting this method. In addition, the workspace and energy consumption of the redundant solar tracker and its non-redundant counterpart are compared. The results show that the redundant solar tracker has larger workspace and lower energy consumption.

EUCOR: An Efficient Unequal Clustering and Optimal Routing in wireless sensor networks for energy conservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
C. Jothikumar ◽  
Revathi Venkataraman ◽  
T. Sai Raj ◽  
J. Selvin Paul Peter ◽  
T.Y.J. Nagamalleswari
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Unequal Clustering ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Variable Cluster

Wireless sensor network is a wide network that works as a cutting edge model in industrial applications. The sensor application is mostly used for high security systems that provide safety support to the environment. The sensor system senses the physical phenomenon, processes the input signal and communicates with the base station through its neighbors. Energy is the most important criterion to support a live network for long hours. In the proposed system, the EUCOR (Efficient Unequal Clustering and Optimized Routing) protocol uses the objective function to identify the efficient cluster head with variable cluster size. The computation of the objective function deals with the ant colony approach for minimum energy consumption and the varying size of the cluster in each cycle is calculated based on the competition radius. The system prolongs the lifespan of the nodes by minimizing the utilization of energy in the transmission of packets in the networks when compared with the existing system.

scholarly journals Influence of Tool Geometry and Process Parameters on the Properties of Friction Stir Spot Welded Multiple (AA 5754 H111) Aluminium Sheets

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Danka Labus Zlatanovic ◽  
Sebastian Balos ◽  
Jean Pierre Bergmann ◽  
Stefan Rasche ◽  
Milan Pecanac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Punch Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lap Welding

Friction stir spot welding is an emerging spot-welding technology that offers opportunities for joining a wide range of materials with minimum energy consumption. To increase productivity, the present work addresses production challenges and aims to find solutions for the lap-welding of multiple ultrathin sheets with maximum productivity. Two convex tools with different edge radii were used to weld four ultrathin sheets of AA5754-H111 alloy each with 0.3 mm thickness. To understand the influence of tool geometries and process parameters, coefficient of friction (CoF), microstructure and mechanical properties obtained with the Vickers microhardness test and the small punch test were analysed. A scanning acoustic microscope was used to assess weld quality. It was found that the increase of tool radius from 15 to 22.5 mm reduced the dwell time by a factor of three. Samples welded with a specific tool were seen to have no delamination and improved mechanical properties due to longer stirring time. The rotational speed was found to be the most influential parameter in governing the weld shape, CoF, microstructure, microhardness and weld efficiency. Low rotational speeds caused a 14.4% and 12.8% improvement in joint efficiency compared to high rotational speeds for both tools used in this investigation.

scholarly journals Calibration and Validation of ArcGIS Solar Radiation Tool for Photovoltaic Potential Determination in the Netherlands

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1865
Author(s):  
Bala Bhavya Kausika ◽  
Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Solar Radiation Model

Geographic information system (GIS) based tools have become popular for solar photovoltaic (PV) potential estimations, especially in urban areas. There are readily available tools for the mapping and estimation of solar irradiation that give results with the click of a button. Although these tools capture the complexities of the urban environment, they often miss the more important atmospheric parameters that determine the irradiation and potential estimations. Therefore, validation of these models is necessary for accurate potential energy yield and capacity estimations. This paper demonstrates the calibration and validation of the solar radiation model developed by Fu and Rich, employed within ArcGIS, with a focus on the input atmospheric parameters, diffusivity and transmissivity for the Netherlands. In addition, factors affecting the model’s performance with respect to the resolution of the input data were studied. Data were calibrated using ground measurements from Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) stations in the Netherlands and validated with the station data from Cabauw. The results show that the default model values of diffusivity and transmissivity lead to substantial underestimation or overestimation of solar insolation. In addition, this paper also shows that calibration can be performed at different time scales depending on the purpose and spatial resolution of the input data.

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