scholarly journals Growth and Productivity Assessment of Short-Duration Rice (Oryza sativa L. and Upland NERICA) Genotypes in Semiarid North-Central Namibia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Simon K. Awala ◽  
Kudakwashe Hove ◽  
Vistorina Shivute ◽  
Johanna S. Valombola ◽  
Pamwenafye I. Nanhapo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Cloudy Weather ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

In semiarid regions, drought is the major threat to crop production, but climate change and variability often bring floods to the regions, forming seasonal wetlands causing damage to local, drought-adapted staple grains and, hence, low yields and food deficit. Introduction of the semiaquatic crop rice (Oryza spp.) to these semiarid wetlands could complement the dryland crop low yields and overcome the food shortage problem. A field experiment was carried out at the University of Namibia-Ogongo Campus during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 cropping seasons to assess the growth and yield of rice genotypes. Twelve short-duration rice genotypes, nine from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and three locally grown upland NERICA genotypes, were used. Parametric analysis of variance was performed to test their effects on crop growth and yield characters. The results showed significant genotype by year interaction for days to heading, plant height, the number of tillers per m2, shoot biomass, the number of panicles per m2, 1000-grain weight, harvest index, and grain yield. The IRRI genotypes produced a higher number of tillers, shoot biomass, and grain yield than the NERICA ones, which were early maturing, were taller, and had higher 1000-grain weight across the years. Generally, most of the genotypes had lower grain yield and higher shoot biomass in the first year, due to the prevailing cool, rainy, and seemingly cloudy weather conditions associated with lower temperature and lower solar radiation. Grain yield was positively correlated with most characters but negatively correlated with the 1000-grain weight. These results demonstrate the yield superiority of IRRI genotypes over their early-maturing NERICA counterparts. However, further studies on morphological characters and drought tolerance of the IRRI genotypes are warranted to ascertain production sustainability under semiarid environments.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
S. P. Chakma ◽  
H. Huq ◽  
F. Mahmud ◽  
A. Husna
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The experiment was conducted under the agro-ecological zone of Modhupur Tract (AEZ-28) to determine the genetic diversity among 39 rice genotypes, collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Lal Teer Seed Ltd. and Chittagong Hill Tracts. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters based on Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics and Canonical Variate Analysis. Cluster I consisted with the highest number of (11) genotypes from different origin, whereas cluster IV consisted with the lowest number of (3) genotypes. Cluster III consisted of BRRI dhan 28, BRRI dhan 45, Gold, Tia, Dowel and Moyna showed maximum mean yield. Maximum inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster II and cluster III. The highest inter genotypic distance was observed between Tharak dhan and BRRI dhan 45. Cluster III had the highest mean values for grain yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight and number of effective tillers per hill and cluster V for number of primary branches per panicle and cluster VI for number of filled grains per panicle that had significant positive correlation with grain yield. Number of unfilled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield showed maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The genotypes from these clusters with desirable characters may be used as potential donor for future hybridization program to develop high yielders.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v25i1.17010

scholarly journals Comparative study of different organic mulches for increased wheat productivity district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Raza ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad U. Chattha ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad B. Chattha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Sorghum Straw

Weeds are major threat to global wheat production and cause serious threat to food security. Likewise, water scarcity is also a major threat to food production and its intensity is continuously soaring up across the globe. Organic mulches have potential to reduce weeds growth and conserve the soil moisture thus ensures the better crop growth and yield. Therefore, present study was conducted to compare the performance of different organic mulches in improving wheat growth and productivity. The study was comprised of different organic mulches; M1= No mulch (control) M2= maize straw mulch, M3= wheat straw mulch, M4= sorghum straw mulch and M5= rice straw mulch and three nitrogen levels N1 = 90 kg, N2 = 120 kg and N3= 150 kg/ha. The results indicated that both organic mulches and N rates had significant impact on growth, and yield traits. The maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), productive tillers (307 m-2), grains/spike (46.22), 1000 grain weight (42.33 g) biological yield (13.76 t/ha) and grain yield 4.75 t/ha was obtained with sorghum straw mulch and minimum productive tillers (255.33 m-2), grains/spike (36.22), biological yield (11.46 t/ha) and grain yield (3.59 t/ha) was recorded in no mulch (control). Among nitrogen levels maximum productive tillers (290.6 m-2), grains/spike (42.80), 1000 grain weight (40.65 g), biological yield (13.44 t/ha) and grain yield (4.32 t/ha) was obtained with 150 kg/ha N and minimum productive tillers (274 m-2), grains/spike (38.13), 1000 grain weight (36.94 g) biological yield (11.98 t/ha) and grain yield (3.90 t/ha) was obtained with 90 N kg/ha. Thus, farmers can use sorghum straw mulch and N (150 kg ha-1) to improve the wheat productivity. However, farmers must be educated by government institute and adoptive research farms in order to understand and adaption of this approach.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence analysis in basmati rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) for agro-morphological and quality traits using multivariate approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Dhirendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Genetic diversity of 30 basmati rice genotypes was analysed based on nine agro-morphological and six quality traits. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the first six principal components explained 89.16% of the total variation in the experimental material. These 30 basmati genotypes were grouped into six clusters which indicated the presence of sufficient diversity among the tested genotypes. Cluster I and cluster III was found to be the largest comprising of 10 genotypes each followed by cluster II having seven genotypes. The highest average intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster III. Highest inter-cluster distance (D2) was observed between clusters III and VI followed by clusters III and V, III and IV & clusters II and III. Cluster II showed high mean value for grain yield per plant, 1000 grain weight, and grain length. The characters viz., amylose content, grain length after cooking, spikelet per panicle, grain width, grain length and 1000 grain weight contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence, suggest their suitability of selection.

scholarly journals CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN F4 GENERATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Rai ◽  
U. K. Sarker ◽  
P. C. Roy ◽  
A. K. M. S. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Hill Number

Twenty five rice genotypes were used to study the genetic components, correlation and path coefficients during Aman season of 2011. Thirteen characters were studied to find out the suitable traits for the improvement of rice yield. Among these characters considerable correlation were observed. Correlation values of grain yield per square meter with plant height, number of tillers per hill, number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of primary branches, number of filled grain per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), 1000 grain weight and days to flowering revealed that selection based on this traits could significantly be improved the grain yield of rice. Number of tillers per hill, number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight exhibited high direct effect coupled with significant positive correlation on grain yield indicating selection on the basis of these traits would enhanced yield potentiality of rice. The residual effect was found 0.179 which indicated that 82.10% of the variability was accounted for 13 yield and yield contributing traits included in the present study. Rest 17.90% variability might be controlled by other yield contributed traits that was not included in the present investigation. So direct selection based on these traits would be effective for improvement of these F4 materials

Estimation of Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path analysis in short duration Rice Genotypes of Manipur

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUDHIR KUMAR ◽  
S. BHUVANESWARI ◽  
E. LAMALAKSHMI DEVI ◽  
S. K. SHARMA ◽  
M. A. ANSARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Correlation And Path Analysis ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

High significant variations were observed for all the traits studied under present investigation. Considering parameters, high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for the number of effective tillers per plant, grain yield per plant, plant height followed by days to 50% flowering. Heritability in broad sense was higher in all of the characters studied under present investigation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed in plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of spikelets per panicle and number of grains per panicle, indicated that these characters under additive gene control and selection for improvement might be effective. Both at the phenotypic and genotypic level, grain yield per plant had significant and positive association with plant height, panicle length,number of filled grains per panicle and number of spikelets per panicle but had significant negative association with number of effective tillers per plant and 1000- grain weight. Number of spikelets per panicle had the maximum positive and direct effect followed by days to maturity, plant height, spikelet fertility and 1000- grain weight. Based on mean performance and various genetic parameters attributes, advance line namely, MC-34-1-10-6-1-26 was observed to be promising because it is of short duration, and yielded significantly higher than the short duration check RCM-8. Promising culture would be recommended for double cropping in the valley region of the state.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS IN AROMATIC RICE (Oryza sativa L)

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
M. G. Rasul ◽  
M. A. K. Mian ◽  
M. M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Gel Consistency ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Forty five aromatic rice genotypes were evaluated to assess the genetic variability and diversity on the basis of nine characters. Significant variations were observed among the genotypes for all the characters (grain breadth (mm), grain length (mm), grain L/B ratio, gelatinization temperature (score), gel consistency (mm), amylose content (%), protein content (%), 1000 grain weight (g) and grain yield per plant (g)) studied. High GCV, PCV, heritability and GA as observed in amylose content, grain length average and L/B ratio suggested that these three characters could be transmitted to the progeny. Multivariate analysis revealed that 45 genotypes were grouped into six clusters. There were marked variations in intra-cluster distances, which ranged from 0.482 to 7.851. The highest intra cluster mean for five traits (amylose content, width average, L/B ratio, length average, 1000 grain weight) was obtained from cluster I constituted 10 genotypes. Thousand grain weight and amylose content have been found to contribute maximum towards genetic diversity in 45 genotypes of aromatic rice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v24i2.17002

scholarly journals Selection Criteria for Identification of High Yielding Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes under Aerobic Cultivation

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Ramya Rathod ◽  
B. Soundharya ◽  
Firdoz Shahana ◽  
P. Jalender Naik ◽  
Y. Swathi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Correlation And Path Analysis ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Ten rice genotypes were evaluated to study the genetic variability, correlation and path analysis under aerobic conditions for selection of high yielding genotypes. The experiment is carried out in RCBD with 3 replications and the data is analysed in SPAR 2.0, Past 4.01 and OPSTAT for variability, correlation and path analysis respectively. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were high for the number of productive tillers per plant, the number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield indicating the possibility of genetic improvement through direct selection for these traits. The magnitude of difference between PCV and GCV was less for the traits indicating little influence of environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for the number of productive tillers per plant, the number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, spikelet fertility, biological yield and grain yield indicating a preponderance of additive gene action, which provide excellent scope for further improvement by selection. Significant positive association of grain yield with number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, spikelet fertility and biological yield was observed. Path analysis revealed the traits, number of filled grains per panicle exerted highest positive direct effect on grain yield followed by 1000-gain weight and number of productive tillers per plant. Thus, these traits which contribute to the grain yield under aerobic condition could be exploited for further breeding programme.

scholarly journals Influence of date of transplanting on the growth and yield performance of high yielding varieties of Boro rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Tapas Kumar Roy ◽  
Swapan Kumar Paul ◽  
Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Boro Rice

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, date of transplanting and its interaction on the growth and yield performance of high yielding Boro rice. The experiment comprised five varieties viz., BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan67, BRRI dhan69, BRRI dhan74 and five dates of transplanting viz., 15 December, 30 December, 15 January, 30 January and 15 February. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that growth parameters, crop characters, yield components and yield were significantly influenced by variety, date of transplanting and their interactions. The leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter production hill-1 were highest in BRRI dhan69 when transplanted on 15 January whereas the lowest value was found in BRRI dhan28 when transplanted on 15 February. The number of effective tillers hill-1 (11.80), number of grains panicle-1 (130.90), 1000-grain weight (22.07 g), grain yield (4.96 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.64 t ha-1) were highest in BRRI dhan69 whereas corresponding lowest values were recorded in BRRI dhan28. The crop transplanted on 15 January produced the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (12.81), highest number of grains panicle-1 (131.20), heaviest 1000-grain weight (21.93 g), highest grain yield (5.36 t ha-1) and highest straw yield (7.71 t ha-1). In case of interaction, the highest grain (5.90 t ha-1) and straw yields (7.87 t ha-1) were recorded in BRRI dhan69 transplanted on 15 January whereas the lowest grain and straw yields were recorded in BRRI dhan28 transplanted on 15 February. Therefore, it can be concluded that BRRI dhan69 along with 15 January transplanting appears as the promising combination in terms of grain and straw yields. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 301–308, 2019

Effect of age of seedlings at staggered transplanting and weed management on the growth and yield of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Tama Sinha ◽  
Swapan Kumar Paul ◽  
Abdur Rahman Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Boro Rice

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during December 2015 to May 2016 to study the effect of age of seedlings at staggered transplanting and weed management on the growth and yield of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50). The experiment comprised four seedling ages at staggered transplanting viz. 30, 45, 60 and 75-day old seedlings with five different weed management treatments viz. unweeded controls, two hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAT (days after transplanting), pre-emergence herbicide  (Pendimethaiin, Panida 33EC) applied at 3 DAT  + one hand weeding at 35 DAT, post-emergence herbicide (Penoxsulam, Granite 240 SC) applied at 12 DAT  + one hand weeding at 35 DAT, pre-emergence herbicide (Panida 33 EC) applied at 3 DAT + post-emergence herbicide (Granite 240 SC) applied at 12 DAT. It was observed that the experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest plant height and total dry matter hill–1 were recorded in 30-day old seedlings with pre-emergence herbicide (Panida 33EC) applied at 3 DAT + post-emergence herbicide (Granite 240 SC) applied at 12 DAT. Younger seedlings (30-days old) produced the highest number of total tillers hill–1 (11.08), effective tillers hill–1 (8.47), grains panicle–1 (80.76) and grain yield (3.94 t ha–1) compared to aged seedlings at staggered transplanting. In case of weed management, pre-emergence herbicide (Panida 33EC) applied at 3 DAT + post-emergence herbicide (Granite 240 SC) applied at 12 DAT produced the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (8.89), grains panicle–1 (81.66), 1000-grain weight (18.44 g), grain yield (4.47 t ha–1) and straw yield (5.13 t ha–1). Grain yield was reduced by 59.82% in unweeded control compared to pre-emergence herbicide (Panida 33EC) applied at 3 DAT + post-emergence herbicide (Granite 240 SC) applied at 12 DAT. In interaction, 30-day old seedlings combined with pre-emergence herbicide (Panida 33 EC) applied at 3 DAT + post-emergence herbicide (Granite 240 SC) applied at 12 DAT produced the highest effective tillers hill–1 (9.58), grains panicle-1 (89.47), 1000-grain weight (18.93g), grain yield (5.31 t ha–1) and straw yield (5.75 t ha–1). Therefore, 60-day old seedlings at staggered transplanting with pre-emergence herbicide (Panida 33EC) applied at 3DAT + post-emergence herbicide (Granite 240 SC) applied at 12 DAT appears as the promising technique for aromatic Boro rice cultivation.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 5-11, April 2018

Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield components in transplant aman rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Ripon Kumar Roy ◽  
Ratna Rani Majumder ◽  
Shahanaz Sultana ◽  
ME Hoque ◽  
MS Ali
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. Flag leaf area (0.643**), productive tillers per plant (0.450**), 1000-grain weight (0.785**) and harvest index (0.920**) showed positive and strong significant association with grain yield per plant at genotypic level whereas plant height (–0.418*) and per cent spikelet sterility (–0.489**) possessed significant negative correlation with grain yield per plant. Flag leaf area (0.157) productive tillers per plant (0.481), 1000-grain weight (0.228), growth duration (0.080) and harvest index (0.544) exhibited direct effect on grain yield. Considering the correlation and path analysis flag leaf area, productive tiller per plant, 1000-grain weight and harvest index are important characters to be considered for yield improvement.

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