scholarly journals A Data-Driven Urban Metro Management Approach for Crowd Density Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Zhihao Zheng ◽  
Xuekai Cen ◽  
Zhiren Huang ◽  
Pu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Density Control ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Pedestrian Network ◽  
Southern City

Large crowding events in big cities pose great challenges to local governments since crowd disasters may occur when crowd density exceeds the safety threshold. We develop an optimization model to generate the emergent train stop-skipping schemes during large crowding events, which can postpone the arrival of crowds. A two-layer transportation network, which includes a pedestrian network and the urban metro network, is proposed to better simulate the crowd gathering process. Urban smartcard data is used to obtain actual passenger travel demand. The objective function of the developed model minimizes the passengers’ total waiting time cost and travel time cost under the pedestrian density constraint and the crowd density constraint. The developed model is tested in an actual case of large crowding events occurred in Shenzhen, a major southern city of China. The obtained train stop-skipping schemes can effectively maintain crowd density in its safety range.

scholarly journals Breaking the Bottleneck: Conflicts Metamorphosis of Chure Landscape Management in Federal Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Bhola Bhattarai ◽  
Dipak Bishwokarma ◽  
Mathilde Legras
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Community Conflict ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area

Chure forests, which is one of the youngest and most fragile landscapes of Nepal, continue to be degraded due to resource exploitation and conflict over its management. This region is considered to be the lifeline to down-stream communities - mainly for water - while inhabiting millions of poor and rural people that depend on natural resources - especially forests commons. Government initiatives to manage Chure have escalated contestations in the recent years. Its decision to declare Chure landscape as ‘Environmental Protection Area’ manifests a protection-centric management approach. This research scrutinises the genesis of contestation on Chure management utilising three–elements of conflicts described by Brown et al. (2017). It analyses power–relation to demonstrate potential implications on Chure landscape management as well as conflict resolution options, in the changed political context of federal Nepal. Our research reveals that all stakeholders are well aware of the continuous degradation of Chure landscape and have agreed on discovering the common locus of sustainable management. However, the state-community contestation still persists due to divergent understandings of degradation. Despite multiple strands of management options, contextualised community-based approach still appears to be an appropriate option to solve this persistent contestation, building on the practices of community forestry and historic failures of top-down, protection-centric management practice. The newly elected provincial and local governments could further facilitate a more effective management of Chure landscape through resolving the contentious state-community conflict.

scholarly journals Can We Map-Match Individual Cellular Network Signaling Trajectories in Urban Environments? Data-Driven Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (7) ◽  
pp. 74-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Bonnetain ◽  
Angelo Furno ◽  
Jean Krug ◽  
Nour-Eddin El Faouzi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Spatiotemporal Scales ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

Mobile phone data collected by network operators can provide fundamental insights into individual and aggregate mobility of people, at unprecedented spatiotemporal scales. However, traditional call detail records (CDR) have fundamental issues because of low accuracy in both spatial and temporal dimensions, which limits their applicability for detailed studies on mobility, especially in urban scenarios. This paper focuses on a new generation of mobile phone passive data, individual cellular network signaling data, characterized by higher spatiotemporal resolutions than traditional CDR. A framework based on unsupervised hidden Markov model is designed for map-matching such data on a multimodal transportation network, aimed at accurately inferring the complex multimodal travel itineraries and popular paths people follow in their urban daily mobility. This information, especially if computed at large spatiotemporal scales, can represent a solid basis for studying actual and dynamic travel demand, to properly dimension multimodal transport systems and even perform anomaly detection and adaptive network control. The approach is evaluated in a case study based on real cellular traces collected by a major French operator in the city of Lyon, and a validation study at both microscopic and macroscopic levels proposed. The results show that this approach can properly handle sparse and noisy cell phone trajectories in complex urban environments. Moreover, the results are promising concerning popular paths detection and reconstruction of origin–destination matrices.

scholarly journals Ridesourcing and Travel Demand: Potential Effects of Transportation Network Companies in Bogotá

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Oviedo ◽  
Isabel Granada ◽  
Daniel Perez-Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Transportation Network Companies

This paper proposes a modal-shift analysis methodology based on a mix of small-scale primary data and big data sources to estimate the total amount of trips that are reallocated to transportation network companies (TNCs) services in Bogotá, Colombia. The analysis is focused on the following four modes: public transportation, private vehicles, conventional taxis, and TNC services. Based on a stated preferences survey and secondary databases of travel times and costs, the paper proposes a methodology to estimate the reallocation of travel demand once TNCs start operating. Results suggests that approximately one third of public transportation trips are potentially transferred to TNCs. Moreover, potential taxi and private vehicle–transferred trips account for almost 30% of the new TNC demand. Additionally, approximately half of the trips that are reallocated from public transport demand can be considered as complementary, while the remaining share can be considered as potential replacing trips of public transportation. The paper also estimates the potential increase in Vehicle-km travelled in each of the modes before and after substitution as a proxy to the effects of demand reallocation on sustainability, finding increases between 1.3 and 14.5 times the number of Vehicle-km depending on the mode. The paper highlights the role of open data and critical perspectives on available information to analyze potential scenarios of the introduction of disruptive technologies and their spatial, social, and economic implications.

Identification of Spatiotemporal Relationships in Travel Speeds along Individual Roadways using Probe Vehicle Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (11) ◽  
pp. 546-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reihaneh Kouhi Esfahani ◽  
Vikash V. Gayah
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Probe Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Data ◽  
Link Performance ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Demand Patterns

The existence of spatiotemporal correlations in traffic behavior on links in a transportation network is potentially very useful. However, traffic metrics are often strongly correlated simply because of natural variations in travel demand patterns and these temporal trends might obstruct more meaningful relationships caused by the physics of traffic. To overcome this challenge, the present paper proposes a non-parametric, moving average detrending method that can be used to remove these background trends, even during non-stationary periods in which traffic states are changing with time. Cross-correlations performed on the detrended data are then used to identify more meaningful trends. The proposed method can also incorporate temporal lags in correlations between individual links, which accounts for the time it takes for information to travel between them. Links that exhibit strong correlations after detrending can then be grouped into communities which behave together using graph theory methods, and this community structure can be leveraged to improve prediction of link performance when information is missing. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study network using real-time link travel speeds obtained from probe vehicles. The results reveal that the 40 links in the network can be grouped into between eight and 12 communities, depending on the day of the week. This suggests that only a handful of links may need to be monitored to estimate travel speeds across the entire network. Furthermore, the significant overlap in the community structure across these days reveals that the network structure plays a large role in spatiotemporal correlations in link travel speeds in a network.

scholarly journals Calibration of MATSim in the context of natural hazards in Belgium

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cools ◽  
Ismaïl Saadi ◽  
Ahmed Mustafa ◽  
Jacques Teller
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Traffic Pattern ◽  
Synthetic Population ◽  
River Floods

In Belgium, river floods are among the most frequent natural disasters and they may cause important changes on travel demand. In this regard, we propose to set up a large scale scenario using MATSim for guarantying an accurate assessment of the river floods impact on the transportation systems. In terms of inputs, agent-based models require a base year population. In this context, a synthetic population with a respective set of attributes is generated as a key input. Afterwards, agents are assigned activity chains through an activity-based generation process. Finally, the synthetic population and the transportation network are integrated into the dynamic traffic assignment simulator, i.e. MATSim. With respect to data, households travel surveys are the main inputs for synthesizing the populations. Besides, a steady-state inundation map is integrated within MATSim for simulating river floods. To our knowledge, very few studies have focused on how river floods affect transportation systems. In this regard, this research will undoubtedly provide new insights in term of methodology and traffic pattern analysis under disruptions, especially with regard to spatial scale effects. The results indicate that at the municipality level, it is possible to capture the effects of disruptions on travel behavior. In this context, further disaggregation is needed in future studies for identifying to what extent results are sensitive to disaggregation. In addition, results also suggest that the target sub-population exposed to flood risk should be isolated from the rest of the travel demand to reach have more sensitive effects.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4098

scholarly journals Megaregional Passenger Transportation Hub Location Problem Considering Congestion Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-563
Author(s):  
Huang Yan ◽  
Xiaoning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Location Problem ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Hub Location ◽  
Hub Location Problem ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Congestion Effects

The need to make effective plans for locating transportation hubs is of increasing importance in the megaregional area, as recent research suggests that the growing intercity travel demand affects the efficiency of a megaregional transportation system. This paper investigates a hierarchical facility location problem in a megaregional passenger transportation network. The aim of the study is to determine the locations of hub facilities at different hierarchical levels and distribute the demands to these facilities with minimum total cost, including investment, transportation, and congestion costs. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model considering the service availability structure and hub congestion effects. A case study is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in the Wuhan metropolitan area. The results show that the congestion effects can be addressed by reallocating the demand to balance the hub utilisation or constructing new hubs to increase the network capacity. The methods of appropriately locating hubs and distributing traffic flows are proposed to optimise the megaregional passenger transportation networks, which has important implications for decision makers.

scholarly journals Construction of the Optimization Model of Cargo Transport Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Yanyan Kong ◽  
Benfang Tian ◽  
Qingyang Wang ◽  
Donghui Liu ◽  
Yunfei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Consumption Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
In Transit

The transportation is gradually integrated into the circulation system of bulk goods, and developing and growing. Transportation has the advantages of high efficiency, high quality and green environment, In time, efficiency and cost than the traditional bulk transport has certain advantages. This paper analyzes the cost of logistics transportation network, which mainly includes transportation cost in transit, transit cost, time cost of cargo transportation and special cost. This paper discusses in detail the transportation cost, transit cost, time cost and carbon consumption cost of different transportation modes in the process of “scattered transformation”, and constructs the optimization model of” scattered transformation “transportation network with the least comprehensive transportation cost including the above costs.

Mitigating the vulnerability of an air-high-speed railway transportation network: From the perspective of predisruption response

2020 ◽  
pp. 1748006X2096609
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng ◽  
Shiwei He ◽  
Xuchao Chen ◽  
Guangye Li
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
High Speed Railway

Both the high-speed railway and air transportation network are the backbone of the interregional transport network and cover important cities in a country. Taking cities as nodes, a comprehensive interregional transportation network consisting of high-speed railways and civil aviation can be constructed. This network undertakes a huge passenger transportation task, so the failure of this network will cause serious economic losses and even casualties. In the Air-High-Speed Railway Transportation Network (A-HSRTN), the two transport modes can operate independently and can be alternatives. The analysis of the A-HSRTN helps planners to have a more comprehensive understanding of the vulnerability of the interregional passenger transport system. Mechanical failure, extreme weather and even man-made sabotage can threaten the operation of airports and stations. Optimizing the deployment of prevention resources can avoid or reduce the loss caused by those failure events in the A-HSRTN. This paper establishes a tri-level model to optimize the deployment of prevention resource from the perspective of predisruption response. This model takes the high-speed railway and air transportation system as an integrated transportation network to assign the limited prevention resources. The model aims to minimize the travel demand that cannot be satisfied in the worst failure scenario. Taking the A-HSRTN in mainland China as an example, this paper analyzes the model performance and the defense strategy obtained by this model. These case studies demonstrate that the method and model proposed in this paper can mitigate the vulnerability of the A-HSRTN.

scholarly journals A Goal-driven Risk management approach for Distributed Agile Development Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suprika Vasudeva Shrivastava ◽  
Urvashi Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Agile Development ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Management Architecture

Software companies are now using Distributed Agile Development (DAD) in order to create high quality solutions, which aligns with the business priorities of lesser time and cost. Although, DAD is beneficial, there are significant risks involved in such projects. In order to minimize the adverse effect of risks on DAD projects, it is imperative to understand, how the risks impact the project performance goals including ‘Time’, ‘Cost’ and ‘Quality’. In this paper we present a goal driven approach for managing risks in DAD projects. This approach of risk management will enable project managers to identify the most important risks with respect to the goal to be achieved and focus on managing those risks first. The study shows that if ‘Time’ is a considered goal for a DAD project, the most important risks that would need consideration are related to requirement management, architecture changes and coordination issues between stakeholders. Similarly, if ‘Quality’ is the primary performance goal in a DAD project, it would be necessary to first deal with risks related to internal and external communication in the organization, team collaboration and requirement documentation availability. The awareness of top ranking risk factors that impact a particular project goal will assist the projects managers to control the risks in a way that the desired project goals can be achieved.

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