scholarly journals Analyzing and Evaluating Smart Cities for IoT Based on Use Cases Using the Analytic Network Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Chao Huang ◽  
Shah Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
World Population ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Control

With the passage of time, the world population is growing. Proper utilization of resources and other devices is tremendously playing an important role to easily examine, manage, and control the resources of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the smart city. Research in the field of IoT has revolutionized the services mostly in smart cities. In the smart city, the applications of IoT are utilized without human involvement. Diverse IoT devices are connected with each other and communicate for different tasks. With the existence of a huge number of IoT devices in the forthcoming years, the chances of privacy breach and information leakage are increasing. Billions of devices connected on IoT producing huge volume of data bound to cloud for processing, management, and storage. Sending of whole data to the cloud might create risk of security and privacy. Various needs of the smart city should be considered for both urgent and effective solutions to support requirements of the growing population. On the other side of rising technology, the IoT evolution has massively produced diverse research directions for the smart city. Keeping in view the use cases of the smart city, the proposed study presents the analytic network process (ANP) for evaluating smart cities. The approach of ANP works well in the situation of complexity, and vagueness exists among the available alternatives. The experimental results of the planned approach show that the approach is effective for evaluating the smart cities for IoT based on the use cases.

scholarly journals Determining the Degree of Characteristics for Internet of Healthcare Devices Using Fuzzy ANP

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lin Wen
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Fuzzy Anp ◽  
Heterogeneous Devices ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Control

With the revolution in Internet and digital technology, every organization is adopting digital things to carry out their day-to-day activities. Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept that is used to connect various devices over the Internet to increase the production and quality of service, deliver a huge amount of data in seconds, and automate the processes. IoT implementation in the health sector has changed the typical setup into smart and intelligent setup. With the “smart” and “Intelligent” abilities of IoT devices such as sensors and with the collaboration of humans and computers, physical processes can be monitored and, based on the received data, optimal decisions can ultimately be taken. IoT applications in healthcare will increase flexibility, patient’s care, quality of health, and control of diseases. As the IoT combines various heterogeneous devices and the inappropriate determination of the degree of characteristics for Internet of healthcare (IoH) devices may affect the efficiency of services, this research is carried out with the use of decision support system and application of fuzzy analytic network process (fuzzy ANP) was used for optimal determination of the degree of characteristics for IoH devices based on unique properties which would greatly increase the efficiency of industry. The experimental results are efficient and show the usefulness of the approach.

scholarly journals Improving Sustainability of Smart Cities through Visualization Techniques for Big Data from IoT Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lavalle ◽  
Miguel A. Teruel ◽  
Alejandro Maté ◽  
Juan Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Heterogeneous Data Sources ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Fostering sustainability is paramount for Smart Cities development. Lately, Smart Cities are benefiting from the rising of Big Data coming from IoT devices, leading to improvements on monitoring and prevention. However, monitoring and prevention processes require visualization techniques as a key component. Indeed, in order to prevent possible hazards (such as fires, leaks, etc.) and optimize their resources, Smart Cities require adequate visualizations that provide insights to decision makers. Nevertheless, visualization of Big Data has always been a challenging issue, especially when such data are originated in real-time. This problem becomes even bigger in Smart City environments since we have to deal with many different groups of users and multiple heterogeneous data sources. Without a proper visualization methodology, complex dashboards including data from different nature are difficult to understand. In order to tackle this issue, we propose a methodology based on visualization techniques for Big Data, aimed at improving the evidence-gathering process by assisting users in the decision making in the context of Smart Cities. Moreover, in order to assess the impact of our proposal, a case study based on service calls for a fire department is presented. In this sense, our findings will be applied to data coming from citizen calls. Thus, the results of this work will contribute to the optimization of resources, namely fire extinguishing battalions, helping to improve their effectiveness and, as a result, the sustainability of a Smart City, operating better with less resources. Finally, in order to evaluate the impact of our proposal, we have performed an experiment, with non-expert users in data visualization.

scholarly journals Sustainable Virtual Reality Patient Rehabilitation Systems with IoT Sensors Using Virtual Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4716
Author(s):  
Moustafa M. Nasralla
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Simulation Scenario ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Iot Devices

To develop sustainable rehabilitation systems, these should consider common problems on IoT devices such as low battery, connection issues and hardware damages. These should be able to rapidly detect any kind of problem incorporating the capacity of warning users about failures without interrupting rehabilitation services. A novel methodology is presented to guide the design and development of sustainable rehabilitation systems focusing on communication and networking among IoT devices in rehabilitation systems with virtual smart cities by using time series analysis for identifying malfunctioning IoT devices. This work is illustrated in a realistic rehabilitation simulation scenario in a virtual smart city using machine learning on time series for identifying and anticipating failures for supporting sustainability.

scholarly journals A Unified Smart City Model (USCM) for Smart City Conceptualization and Benchmarking

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas Anthopoulos ◽  
Marijn Janssen ◽  
Vishanth Weerakkody
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Architecture ◽  
The World ◽  
City Model ◽  
And Control ◽  
Urban Characteristics

Smart cities have attracted an extensive and emerging interest from both science and industry with an increasing number of international examples emerging from all over the world. However, despite the significant role that smart cities can play to deal with recent urban challenges, the concept has been being criticized for not being able to realize its potential and for being a vendor hype. This paper reviews different conceptualization, benchmarks and evaluations of the smart city concept. Eight different classes of smart city conceptualization models have been discovered, which structure the unified conceptualization model and concern smart city facilities (i.e., energy, water, IoT etc.), services (i.e., health, education etc.), governance, planning and management, architecture, data and people. Benchmarking though is still ambiguous and different perspectives are followed by the researchers that measure -and recently monitor- various factors, which somehow exceed typical technological or urban characteristics. This can be attributed to the broadness of the smart city concept. This paper sheds light to parameters that can be measured and controlled in an attempt to improve smart city potential and leaves space for corresponding future research. More specifically, smart city progress, local capacity, vulnerabilities for resilience and policy impact are only some of the variants that scholars pay attention to measure and control.

scholarly journals Toronto’s Not-So-“Smart” City: Dismantling the Tech Utopia & Building Stronger Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Raza
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
State Elite ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
And Control

This thesis critically analyzes the dominant discourse, actors, and technologies associated with the Sidewalk Toronto smart city project to uncover and resist the potential dangers of the unregulated smart city. Drawing from gray and scholarly literature alongside four semistructured interviews and three action research methods, this research shows that smart cities and technologies are the latest iteration of corporate power, exploitation, and control. Imbued with neoliberal, colonial, and positivistic logics, the smart city risks further eroding democracy, privacy, and equity in favour of promoting privatization, surveillance, and an increased concentration of power and wealth among corporate and state elite. While the publicized promise of the smart city may continuously shift to reflect and co-opt oppositional narratives, its logics remain static, and its beneficiaries remain few. Applying a social justice-oriented lens which connects critical theory, postmodernism, poststructuralism, intersectional feminism, and anticolonial methodologies is crucial in reconceptualizing “smartness” and prioritizing public good.

scholarly journals A Parallel Meta-Heuristic Approach to Reduce Vehicle Travel Time in Smart Cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Rico-Garcia ◽  
Jose-Luis Sanchez-Romero ◽  
Antonio Jimeno-Morenilla ◽  
Hector Migallon-Gomis
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Departure Point ◽  
Classic Problem ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Vehicle Travel Time ◽  
Gpu Architecture

The development of the smart city concept and the inhabitants’ need to reduce travel time, as well as society’s awareness of the reduction of fuel consumption and respect for the environment, lead to a new approach to the classic problem of the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) applied to urban environments. This problem can be formulated as “Given a list of geographic points and the distances between each pair of points, what is the shortest possible route that visits each point and returns to the departure point?” Nowadays, with the development of IoT devices and the high sensoring capabilities, a large amount of data and measurements are available, allowing researchers to model accurately the routes to choose. In this work, the purpose is to give solution to the TSP in smart city environments using a modified version of the metaheuristic optimization algorithm TLBO (Teacher Learner Based Optimization). In addition, to improve performance, the solution is implemented using a parallel GPU architecture, specifically a CUDA implementation.

Systematic literature review on the security challenges of blockchain in IoT-based smart cities

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Yu ◽  
Liang Song ◽  
Linhua Jiang ◽  
Omid Khold Sharafi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Security Challenges

Purpose Security is the most important issue in Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart cities and blockchain (BC). So, the present paper aims to detect and organize the literature regarding security in the IoT-based smart cities and BC context. It also proposes an agenda for future research. Therefore, the authors did a statistical review of security in IoT and BC in smart cities. The present investigation aims to determine the principal challenges and disturbances in IoT because of the BC adoption, the central BC applications in IoT-based smart cities and the BC future in IoT-based smart cities. Design/methodology/approach IoT) has a notable influence on modernizing and transforming the society and industry for knowledge digitizing. Therefore, it may be perceived and operated in real time. The IoT is undergoing exponential development in industry and investigation. Still, it contains some security and privacy susceptibilities. Naturally, the research community pays attention to the security and privacy of the IoT. Also, the academic community has put a significant focus on BC as a new security project. In the present paper, the significant mechanisms and investigations in BC ground have been checked out systematically because of the significance of security in the IoT and BC in smart cities. Electronic databases were used to search for keywords. Totally, based on different filters, 131 papers have been gained, and 17 related articles have been obtained and analyzed. The security mechanisms of BC in IoT-based smart cities have been ranked into three main categories as follows, smart health care, smart home and smart agriculture. Findings The findings showed that BC’s distinctive technical aspects might impressively find a solution for privacy and security problems encountering the IoT-based smart cities development. They also supply distributed storage, transparency, trust and other IoT support to form a valid, impressive and secure distributed IoT network and provide a beneficial guarantee for IoT-based smart city users’ security and privacy. Research limitations/implications The present investigation aims to be comprehensive, but some restrictions were also observed. Owing to the use of some filters for selecting the original papers, some complete works may be excluded. Besides, inspecting the total investigations on the security topic in BC and the IoT-based smart cities is infeasible. Albeit, the authors attempt to introduce a complete inspection of the security challenges in BC and the IoT-based smart cities. BC includes significant progress and innovation in the IoT-based smart cities’ security domain as new technology. Still, it contains some deficiencies as well. Investigators actively encounter the challenges and bring up persistent innovation and inspection of related technologies in the vision of the issues available in diverse application scenarios. Practical implications The use of BC technology in finding a solution for the security issues of the IoT-based smart cities is a research hotspot. There is numerable literature with data and theoretical support despite the suggestion of numerous relevant opinions. Therefore, this paper offers insights into how findings may guide practitioners and researchers in developing appropriate security systems dependent upon the features of IoT-based smart city systems and BC. This paper may also stimulate further investigation on the challenge of security in BC and IoT-based smart cities. The outcomes will be of great value for scholars and may supply sights into future investigation grounds in the present field. Originality/value As the authors state according to their knowledge, it is the first work using security challenges on BC and IoT-based smart cities. The literature review shows that few papers discuss how solving security issues in the IoT-based smart cities can benefit from the BC. The investigation suggests a literature review on the topic, recommending some thoughts on using security tools in the IoT-based smart cities. The present investigation helps organizations plan to integrate IoT and BC to detect the areas to focus. It also assists in better resource planning for the successful execution of smart technologies in their supply chains.

Efficient Cyber Security Framework for Smart Cities

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amtul Waheed ◽  
Jana Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Security Issues

Smart cities are established on some smart components such as smart governances, smart economy, science and technology, smart politics, smart transportation, and smart life. Each and every smart object is interconnected through the internet, challenging the security and privacy of citizen's sensitive information. A secure framework for smart cities is the only solution for better and smart living. This can be achieved through IoT infrastructure and cloud computing. The combination of IoT and Cloud also increases the storage capacity and computational power and make services pervasive, cost-effective, and accessed from anywhere and any device. This chapter will discuss security issues and challenges of smart city along with cyber security framework and architecture of smart cities for smart infrastructures and smart applications. It also presents a general study about security mechanism for smart city applications and security protection methodology using IOT service to stand against cyber-attacks.

The Role of AI-Based Integrated Physical Security Governance for Optimizing IoT Devices Connectivity in Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-309
Author(s):  
Rajan R. ◽  
Venkata Subramanian Dayanandan ◽  
Shankar P. ◽  
Ranganath Tngk
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Physical Security ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
World Class ◽  
Iot Devices

A smart city aims at developing an ecosystem wherein the citizens will have instant access to amenities required for a healthy and safe living. Since the mission of smart city is to develop and integrate many facilities, it is envisaged that there is a need for making the information available instantly for right use of such infrastructure. So, there exists a need to design and implement a world-class physical security measures which acts as a bellwether to protect people life from physical security threats. It is a myth that if placing adequate number of cameras alone would enhance physical security controls in smart cities. There is a need for designing and building comprehensive physical security controls, based on the principles of “layered defense-in-depth,” which integrates all aspects of physical security controls. This chapter will review presence of existing physical security technology controls for smart cities in line with the known security threats and propose the need for an AI-enabled physical security premise.

scholarly journals Towards Secure and Privacy-Preserving IoT Enabled Smart Home: Architecture and Experimental Study

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6131
Author(s):  
Mamun Abu-Tair ◽  
Soufiene Djahel ◽  
Philip Perry ◽  
Bryan Scotney ◽  
Unsub Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Hardware Implementations ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms ◽  
Iot Devices

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is increasingly pervasive in all aspects of our life and its usage is anticipated to significantly increase in future Smart Cities to support their myriad of revolutionary applications. This paper introduces a new architecture that can support several IoT-enabled smart home use cases, with a specified level of security and privacy preservation. The security threats that may target such an architecture are highlighted along with the cryptographic algorithms that can prevent them. An experimental study is performed to provide more insights about the suitability of several lightweight cryptographic algorithms for use in securing the constrained IoT devices used in the proposed architecture. The obtained results showed that many modern lightweight symmetric cryptography algorithms, as CLEFIA and TRIVIUM, are optimized for hardware implementations and can consume up to 10 times more energy than the legacy techniques when they are implemented in software. Moreover, the experiments results highlight that CLEFIA significantly outperforms TRIVIUM under all of the investigated test cases, and the latter performs 100 times worse than the legacy cryptographic algorithms tested.

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