scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Relationship among mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs of Slow Transit Constipation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shuai Yan ◽  
Yinzi Yue ◽  
Mingming Sun ◽  
Yinghui Chen ◽  
Xiaopeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Slow Transit Constipation ◽  
Target Mrnas ◽  
Slow Transit ◽  
Transit Constipation

Background. Slow transit constipation (STC) is characterized by persistent, infrequent, or incomplete defecation. Systematic analyses of mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA expression profiling in STC provide insights to understand the molecular mechanisms of STC pathogenesis. The present study is aimed at observing the interaction of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs by RNA sequencing in vivo of STC. Methods. A rat model of STC was induced by loperamide. The expression profiles of both mRNAs and miRNAs were performed by RNA sequencing. Enrichment analyses of anomalous expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs were performed in order to identify the related biological functions and pathologic pathways through the Gene Ontology (GO) database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Results. In total, 26435 mRNAs, 5703 lncRNAs, and 7708 circRNAs differentially expressed were identified between the two groups. The analyses of GO and KEGG show that (1) upregulated genes were enriched in a positive regulation of GTPase activity, cell migration, and protein binding and lipid binding and (2) GO annotations revealed that most trans-target mRNAs are involved in the regulation process of immune signal together with the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells. Additionally, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs was constructed. Interestingly, all of the core lncRNAs and their coexpression mRNAs in this network are downregulated. Moreover, downregulated circRNAs have a set of target mRNAs related to immunoreaction, which was consistent with the overall tendency. Conclusion. Our investigation enriches the STC transcriptome database and provides a preliminary exploration of novel candidate genes and avenues expression profiles in vivo. The dysregulation of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs might contribute to the pathological processes during STC.

Characterization of motor patterns in isolated human colon: are there differences in patients with slow-transit constipation?

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. G34-G43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick J. Spencer ◽  
Melinda Kyloh ◽  
David A. Wattchow ◽  
Anthony Thomas ◽  
Tiong Cheng Sia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Slow Transit Constipation ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Slow Transit ◽  
Descending Colon ◽  
Transit Constipation

The patterns of motor activity that exist in isolated full-length human colon have not been described. Our aim was to characterize the spontaneous motor patterns in isolated human colon and determine whether these patterns are different in whole colons obtained from patients with slow-transit constipation (STC). The entire colon (excluding the anus), was removed from patients with confirmed STC and mounted longitudinally in an organ bath ∼120 cm in length, containing oxygenated Krebs' solution at 36°C. Changes in circular muscle tension were recorded from multiple sites simultaneously along the length of colon, by use of isometric force transducers. Recordings from isolated colons from non-STC patients revealed cyclical colonic motor complexes (CMCs) in 11 of 17 colons, with a mean interval and half-duration of contractions of 4.0 ± 0.6 min and 51.5 ± 15 s, respectively. In the remaining six colons, spontaneous irregular phasic contractions occurred without CMCs. Interestingly, in STC patients robust CMCs were still recorded, although their CMC pacemaker frequencies were slower. Intraluminal balloon distension of the ascending or descending colon evoked an ascending excitatory reflex contraction, or evoked CMC, in 8 of 30 trials from non-STC (control) colons, but not from colons obtained from STC patients. In many control segments of descending colon, spontaneous CMCs consisted of simultaneous ascending excitatory and descending inhibitory phases. In summary, CMCs can be recorded from isolated human colon, in vitro, but their intrinsic pacemaker frequency is considerably faster in vitro compared with previous human recordings of CMCs in vivo. The observation that CMCs occur in whole colons removed from STC patients suggests that the intrinsic pacemaker mechanisms underlying their generation and propagation are preserved in vitro, despite impaired transit along these same regions in vivo.

966 High-Resolution Colonic Motility Recordings In Vivo Compared With Ex Vivo Recordings After Colectomy, in Patients With Slow Transit Constipation

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. S193
Author(s):  
Philip Dinning ◽  
Tiong Cheng Sia ◽  
Reizal Rosli ◽  
Raghu Kumar ◽  
Lukasz Wiklendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Slow Transit Constipation ◽  
Slow Transit ◽  
Transit Constipation

scholarly journals Insights from a novel model of slow-transit constipation generated by partial outlet obstruction in the murine large intestine

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (9) ◽  
pp. G1004-G1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante J. Heredia ◽  
Nathan Grainger ◽  
Conor J. McCann ◽  
Terence K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Slow Transit Constipation ◽  
Purse String ◽  
Slow Transit ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Transit Constipation ◽  
Novel Model

The mechanisms underlying slow-transit constipation (STC) are unclear. In 50% of patients with STC, some form of outlet obstruction has been reported; also an elongated colon has been linked to patients with STC. Our aims were 1) to develop a murine model of STC induced by partial outlet obstruction and 2) to determine whether this leads to colonic elongation and, consequently, activation of the inhibitory “occult reflex,” which may contribute to STC in humans. Using a purse-string suture, we physically reduced the maximal anal sphincter opening in C57BL/6 mice. After 4 days, the mice were euthanized (acutely obstructed), the suture was removed (relieved), or the suture was removed and replaced repeatedly (chronically obstructed, over 24–31 days). In partially obstructed mice, we observed increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 levels in muscularis and mucosa, an elongated impacted large bowel, slowed transit, nonpropagating colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs), a lack of mucosal reflexes, a depolarized circular muscle with slow-wave activity due to a lack of spontaneous inhibitory junction potentials, muscle hypertrophy, and CMMCs in mucosa-free preparations. Elongation of the empty obstructed colon produced a pronounced occult reflex. Removal of the obstruction or addition of a COX-2 antagonist (in vitro and in vivo) restored membrane potential, spontaneous inhibitory junction potentials, CMMC propagation, and mucosal reflexes. We conclude that partial outlet obstruction increases COX-2 leading to a hyperexcitable colon. This hyperexcitability is largely due to suppression of only descending inhibitory nerve pathways by prostaglandins. The upregulation of motility is suppressed by the occult reflex activated by colonic elongation.

scholarly journals A combined microRNA and transcriptome analysis illuminates the resistance response of rice against brown planthopper

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoyan Tan ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Jianping Guo ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Lili Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Resistance Response

Abstract Background : The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is a kind of phloem-feeding pest that adversely affects rice yield. Recently, the BPH-resistance gene, BPH6 , was cloned and applied in rice breeding to effectively control BPH. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BPH6 are poorly understood. Results: Here, an integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiling analysis was performed on BPH6 -transgenic (BPH6G) and Nipponbare (wild type, WT) plants after BPH infestation, and a total of 217 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 7,874 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) were identified. 29 miRNAs, including members of miR160, miR166 and miR169 family were opposite expressed during early or late feeding stages between the two varieties, whilst 9 miRNAs were specifically expressed in BPH6G plants, suggesting involvement of these miRNAs in BPH6 -mediated resistance to BPH. In the transcriptome analysis, 949 DEGs were opposite expressed during early or late feeding stages of the two genotypes, which were enriched in metabolic processes, cellular development, cell wall organization, cellular component movement and hormone transport, and certain primary and secondary metabolite synthesis. 24 genes were further selected as candidates for BPH resistance. Integrated analysis of the DEMs and DEGs showed that 34 miRNAs corresponding to 42 target genes were candidate miRNA-mRNA pairs for BPH resistance, 18 pairs were verified by qRT-PCR, and two pairs were confirmed by in vivo analysis. Conclusions: For the first time, we reported integrated small RNA and transcriptome sequencing to illustrate resistance mechanisms against BPH in rice. Our results provide a valuable resource to ascertain changes in BPH-induced miRNA and mRNA expression profiles and enable to comprehend plant-insect interactions and find a way for efficient insect control.

scholarly journals A combined microRNA and transcriptome analysis illuminates the resistance response of rice against brown planthopper

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoyan Tan ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Jianping Guo ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Lili Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Resistance Response

Abstract Background: The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is a kind of phloem-feeding pest that adversely affects rice yield. Recently, the BPH-resistance gene, BPH6, was cloned and applied in rice breeding to effectively control BPH. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BPH6 are poorly understood. Results: Here, an integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiling analysis was performed on BPH6-transgenic (BPH6G) and Nipponbare (wild type, WT) plants after BPH infestation, and a total of 217 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 7,874 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) were identified. 29 miRNAs, including members of miR160, miR166 and miR169 family were opposite expressed during early or late feeding stages between the two varieties, whilst 9 miRNAs were specifically expressed in BPH6G plants, suggesting involvement of these miRNAs in BPH6-mediated resistance to BPH. In the transcriptome analysis, 949 DEGs were opposite expressed during early or late feeding stages of the two genotypes, which were enriched in metabolic processes, cellular development, cell wall organization, cellular component movement and hormone transport, and certain primary and secondary metabolite synthesis. 24 genes were further selected as candidates for BPH resistance. Integrated analysis of the DEMs and DEGs showed that 34 miRNAs corresponding to 42 target genes were candidate miRNA-mRNA pairs for BPH resistance, 18 pairs were verified by qRT-PCR, and two pairs were confirmed by in vivo analysis. Conclusions: For the first time, we reported integrated small RNA and transcriptome sequencing to illustrate resistance mechanisms against BPH in rice. Our results provide a valuable resource to ascertain changes in BPH-induced miRNA and mRNA expression profiles and enables the analysis of the comprehensive plant-insect interactions required for efficient insect control.

Autoimmune encephalitis and gastrointestinal dysmotility: achalasia, gastroparesis, and slow transit constipation

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 975-981
Author(s):  
Thomas Frieling ◽  
Christian Kreysel ◽  
Michael Blank ◽  
Dorothee Müller ◽  
Ilka Melchior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Slow Transit Constipation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysmotility ◽  
Slow Transit ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Interdigestive Motility ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Transit Constipation

Abstract Background Neurological autoimmune disorders (NAD) are caused by autoimmune inflammation triggered by specific antibody subtypes. NAD may disturb the gut-brain axis at several levels including brain, spinal cord, peripheral, or enteric nervous system. Case report We present a case with antinuclear neuronal Hu (ANNA-1)- and antiglial nuclear (SOX-1) autoimmune antibody-positive limbic encephalitis and significant gastrointestinal dysmotility consisting of achalasia type II, gastroparesis, altered small intestinal interdigestive motility, and severe slow transit constipation. The autoantibodies of the patient’s serum labeled enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal but no other cells in the gut wall. Achalasia was treated successfully by pneumatic cardia dilation and gastrointestinal dysmotility successfully with prucalopride. Conclusion NAD may disturb gastrointestinal motility by altering various levels of the gut-brain axis.

scholarly journals In-depth transcriptomic analysis of human retina reveals molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolja Becker ◽  
Holger Klein ◽  
Eric Simon ◽  
Coralie Viollet ◽  
Christian Haslinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractDiabetic Retinopathy (DR) is among the major global causes for vision loss. With the rise in diabetes prevalence, an increase in DR incidence is expected. Current understanding of both the molecular etiology and pathways involved in the initiation and progression of DR is limited. Via RNA-Sequencing, we analyzed mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of 80 human post-mortem retinal samples from 43 patients diagnosed with various stages of DR. We found differentially expressed transcripts to be predominantly associated with late stage DR and pathways such as hippo and gap junction signaling. A multivariate regression model identified transcripts with progressive changes throughout disease stages, which in turn displayed significant overlap with sphingolipid and cGMP–PKG signaling. Combined analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression further uncovered disease-relevant miRNA/mRNA associations as potential mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation. Finally, integrating human retinal single cell RNA-Sequencing data revealed a continuous loss of retinal ganglion cells, and Müller cell mediated changes in histidine and β-alanine signaling. While previously considered primarily a vascular disease, attention in DR has shifted to additional mechanisms and cell-types. Our findings offer an unprecedented and unbiased insight into molecular pathways and cell-specific changes in the development of DR, and provide potential avenues for future therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Integrated analysis of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA profiles reveals potential lncRNA functions during early HIV infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianwei Ma ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Minghui An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Target Mrnas ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mirna Sequencing ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate gene expression in a cis-regulatory fashion or as “microRNA sponges”. However, the expression and functions of lncRNAs during early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (EHI) remain unclear. Methods 3 HAART-naive EHI patients and 3 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study to perform RNA sequencing and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. The expression profiles of lncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs were obtained, and the potential roles of lncRNAs were analysed based on discovering lncRNA cis-regulatory target mRNAs and constructing lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on 175 lncRNA-associated differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs to investigate the potential functions of DE lncRNAs in ceRNA networks. Results A total of 242 lncRNAs, 1240 mRNAs and 21 mature known miRNAs were determined as differentially expressed genes in HAART-naive EHI patients compared to HCs. Among DE lncRNAs, 44 lncRNAs were predicted to overlap with 41 target mRNAs, and 107 lncRNAs might regulate their nearby DE mRNAs. Two DE lncRNAs might regulate their cis-regulatory target mRNAs BTLA and ZAP70, respectively, which were associated with immune activation. In addition, the ceRNA networks comprised 160 DE lncRNAs, 21 DE miRNAs and 175 DE mRNAs. Seventeen DE lncRNAs were predicted to regulate HIF1A and TCF7L2, which are involved in the process of HIV-1 replication. Twenty DE lncRNAs might share miRNA response elements (MREs) with FOS, FOSB and JUN, which are associated with both immune activation and HIV-1 replication. Conclusions This study revealed that lncRNAs might play a critical role in HIV-1 replication and immune activation during EHI. These novel findings are helpful for understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV infection and provide new insights into antiviral therapy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Dyssynergic Defecation and Slow Transit Constipation in Patients with Chronic Constipation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Samuel Tanner ◽  
Ahson Chaudhry ◽  
Navneet Goraya ◽  
Rohan Badlani ◽  
Asad Jehangir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Anorectal Function ◽  
Slow Transit Constipation ◽  
Dyssynergic Defecation ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Balloon Expulsion ◽  
Slow Transit ◽  
Transit Constipation

Patients with chronic constipation who do not respond to initial treatments often need further evaluation for dyssynergic defecation (DD) and slow transit constipation (STC). The aims of this study are to characterize the prevalence of DD and STC in patients referred to a motility center with chronic constipation and correlate diagnoses of DD and STC to patient demographics, medical history, and symptoms. High-resolution ARM (HR-ARM), balloon expulsion testing (BET) and whole gut transit scintigraphy (WGTS) of consecutive patients with chronic constipation were reviewed. Patients completed questionnaires describing their medical history and symptoms at the time of testing. A total of 230 patients completed HR-ARM, BET, and WGTS. Fifty (22%) patients had DD, and 127 (55%) patients had STC. Thirty patients (13%) had both DD and STC. There were no symptoms that were suggestive of STC vs. DD; however, patients with STC and DD reported more severe constipation than patients with normal transit and anorectal function. Patients with chronic constipation often need evaluation for both DD and STC to better understand their pathophysiology of symptoms and help direct treatment.

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