scholarly journals Dynamical Mechanisms for Gene Regulation Mediated by Two Noncoding RNAs in Long-Term Memory Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lijie Hao ◽  
Zhuoqin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Network Motif ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Motif Model

Noncoding RNAs such as miRNAs and piRNAs have long-lasting effects on the regulation of gene expression involved in long-term synaptic changes. To characterize gene regulation mediated by small noncoding RNAs associated with long-term memory in Aplysia, we consider two noncoding RNAs stimulated by 5-HT into a gene regulatory network motif model, including miR-124 that binds to and inhibits the mRNA of CREB1 and piR-F that facilitates serotonin-dependent DNA methylation to lead to repression of CREB2. Codimension-1 and -2 bifurcation analyses of 5-HT regulating both miR-124 and piR-F and a negative feedback strength for oscillation reveal rich dynamical properties of bistability and oscillations robust to variations in all other parameters. More importantly, we verify three stimulus protocols of 5-HT in experiments by our model and find that application of five pulses of 5-HT leads to a transient decrease of miR-124 but increase of piR-F concentrations, which matters sustained high level of CREB1 concentration associated with long-term memory. Furthermore, we perform bifurcation analyses for the concentrations of miR-124 and piR-F as two parameters to explore dynamical mechanisms underlying the epigenetic regulation in long-term memory formation. This study provides insights into revealing regulatory roles of epigenetic changes in gene expression involving noncoding RNAs associated with synaptic plasticity.

scholarly journals Integration of Long-Term-Memory-Related Synaptic Plasticity Involves Bidirectional Regulation of Gene Expression and Chromatin Structure

Cell ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghui Guan ◽  
Maurizio Giustetto ◽  
Stavros Lomvardas ◽  
Joung-Hun Kim ◽  
Maria Concetta Miniaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Bidirectional Regulation

scholarly journals The role of microRNAs in learning and long-term memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 885-896
Author(s):  
L. N. Grinkevich
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Microrna Biogenesis ◽  
The Brain

The mechanisms of long-term memory formation and ways to improve it (in the case of its impairment) remain an extremely difficult problem yet to be solved. Over the recent years, much attention has been paid to microRNAs in this regard. MicroRNAs are unique endogenous non-coding RNAs about 22 nucleotides in length; each can regulate translation of hundreds of messenger RNA targets, thereby controlling entire gene networks. MicroRNAs are widely represented in the central nervous system. A large number of studies are currently being conducted to investigate the role of microRNAs in the brain functioning. A number of microRNAs have been shown to be involved in the process of synaptic plasticity, as well as in the long-term memory formation. Disruption of microRNA biogenesis leads to significant cognitive dysfunctions. Moreover, impaired microRNA biogenesis is one of the causes of the pathogenesis of mental disorders, neurodegenerative illnesses and senile dementia, which are often accompanied by deterioration in the learning ability and by memory impairment. Optimistic predictions are made that microRNAs can be used as targets for therapeutic treatment and for diagnosing the above pathologies. The importance of applications related to microRNAs significantly raises interest in studying their functions in the brain. Thus, this review is focused on the role of microRNAs in cognitive processes. It describes microRNA biogenesis and the role of miRNAs in the regulation of gene expression, as well as the latest achievements in studying the functional role of microRNAs in learning and in long-term memory formation, depending on the activation or inhibition of their expression. The review presents summarized data on the effect of impaired microRNA biogenesis on long-term memory formation, including those associated with sleep deprivation. In addition, analysis is provided of the current literature related to the prospects of improving cognitive processes by influencing microRNA biogenesis via the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies and active mental and physical exercises.

scholarly journals Mg2+ Block of Drosophila NMDA Receptors Is Required for Long-Term Memory Formation and CREB-Dependent Gene Expression

Neuron ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Miyashita ◽  
Yoshiaki Oda ◽  
Junjiro Horiuchi ◽  
Jerry C.P. Yin ◽  
Takako Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Learning-induced gene expression in the heads of two Nasonia species that differ in long-term memory formation

BMC Genomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja M Hoedjes ◽  
Hans M Smid ◽  
Elio GWM Schijlen ◽  
Louise EM Vet ◽  
Joke JFA van Vugt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Transcription Factors in Long-Term Memory and Synaptic Plasticity

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina M. Alberini
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Molecular Neuroscience ◽  
And Function ◽  
Expression Evidence

Transcription is a molecular requisite for long-term synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation. Thus, in the last several years, one main interest of molecular neuroscience has been the identification of families of transcription factors that are involved in both of these processes. Transcription is a highly regulated process that involves the combined interaction and function of chromatin and many other proteins, some of which are essential for the basal process of transcription, while others control the selective activation or repression of specific genes. These regulated interactions ultimately allow a sophisticated response to multiple environmental conditions, as well as control of spatial and temporal differences in gene expression. Evidence based on correlative changes in expression, genetic mutations, and targeted molecular inhibition of gene expression have shed light on the function of transcription in both synaptic plasticity and memory formation. This review provides a brief overview of experimental work showing that several families of transcription factors, including CREB, C/EBP, Egr, AP-1, and Rel, have essential functions in both processes. The results of this work suggest that patterns of transcription regulation represent the molecular signatures of long-term synaptic changes and memory formation.

Noncoding RNAs in Long-Term Memory Formation

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim R. Mercer ◽  
Marcel E. Dinger ◽  
Jean Mariani ◽  
Kenneth S. Kosik ◽  
Mark F. Mehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Mushroom body-specific profiling of gene expression identifies regulators of long-term memory in Drosophila

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves F Widmer ◽  
Adem Bilican ◽  
Rémy Bruggmann ◽  
Simon G Sprecher
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Transcriptional Program ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Memory Traces

AbstractMemory formation is achieved by genetically tightly controlled molecular pathways that result in a change of synaptic strength and synapse organization. While for short-term memory traces rapidly acting biochemical pathways are in place, the formation of long-lasting memories requires changes in the transcriptional program of a cell. Although many genes involved in learning and memory formation have been identified, little is known about the genetic mechanisms required for changing the transcriptional program during different phases of long-term memory formation. With Drosophila melanogaster as a model system we profiled transcriptomic changes in the mushroom body, a memory center in the fly brain, at distinct time intervals during long-term memory formation using the targeted DamID technique. We describe the gene expression profiles during these phases and tested 33 selected candidate genes for deficits in long-term memory formation using RNAi knockdown. We identified 10 genes that enhance or decrease memory when knocked-down in the mushroom body. For vajk-1 and hacd1, the two strongest hits, we gained further support for their crucial role in learning and forgetting. These findings show that profiling gene expression changes in specific cell-types harboring memory traces provides a powerful entry point to identify new genes involved in learning and memory. The presented transcriptomic data may further be used as resource to study genes acting at different memory phases.

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