scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Rats (Rattus rattus) in Northern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽  
Saeid Abediankenari ◽  
Afsaneh Amouei ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Host Reservoir

Rodents are considered as reservoir hosts for various pathogens (such as Toxoplasma gondii) and have been revealed to play an important role in the spread of several infectious diseases to humans and other animals. The aim of this investigation was to survey the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in wild rats in Northern Iran. One hundred rats were caught using rat traps set in different areas in Northern Iran (September 2017). The thoracic cavity of each rat was opened, and then the blood sample was collected from the heart. IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were detected using the modified agglutination test (MAT) with a cutoff value equal to 1 : 40. Overall, 56% of rats were infected by T. gondii. Considering the sex of rats, 45% of male and 55% of female rats were seropositive, but the differences were not statistically significant. There was a significant difference between seropositivity and habitat types and age of rodents. Our findings have public health implications and confirm the high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in northern Iran. The study established that wild rats represent an important and persistent wildlife intermediate host reservoir for T. gondii.

Variation in Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence: effects of site, sex, species and behaviour between insular and mainland macropods

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Taggart ◽  
Bronwyn A. Fancourt ◽  
David Peacock ◽  
Charles G. B. Caraguel ◽  
Milton M. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Latent Disease ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Context Feral cats threaten wildlife conservation through a range of direct and indirect effects. However, most studies that have evaluated the impacts of feral cats on species of conservation significance have focussed on direct impacts such as predation; few studies have considered the indirect impacts of cat-borne disease. Toxoplasma gondii, a cat-borne parasite, causes both acute and latent disease in a range of wildlife species, and macropods are particularly susceptible. Kangaroo Island is Australia’s third largest island and supports a high density of feral cats and high seroprevalence of T. gondii in multiple species, relative to the mainland. This suggests that Kangaroo Island has a high environmental contamination with the parasite and a high risk of infection for other species. Aims We aimed to describe T. gondii seroprevalence in culled and road-killed macropods, so as to assess the effects of island versus mainland location, sex, species and behaviour. Methods Macropod sera were tested for T. gondii IgG antibodies using a commercially available modified agglutination test. Key results The seroprevalence of T. gondii in culled western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) was significantly higher on the island (20%, 11/54 positive) than on the mainland (0%, 0/61 positive). There was no difference in T. gondii seroprevalence between culled and road-killed (21%, 21/102 positive) kangaroos from the island. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was significantly higher in female (32%, 12/38 positive) than in male (13%, 8/60 positive) kangaroos, but we observed no sex effect in tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii), and no effect of species. Conclusions The higher T. gondii seroprevalence in insular macropods supports previous reports of higher T. gondii exposure in other Kangaroo Island fauna. The lack of difference in T. gondii seroprevalence between culled and road-killed kangaroos suggests that T. gondii-positive animals are not more vulnerable to road mortality, in contrast to that suggested previously. Implications Our findings suggest greater potential adverse conservation impacts owing to toxoplasmosis on the island than on the mainland. In light of a recent study demonstrating higher cat abundance on the island than on the mainland, the higher observed T. gondii seroprevalence in insular macropods is likely to be a consequence of higher cat density.

Toxoplasmosis in rats (Rattus norvegicus): congenital transmission to first and second generation offspring and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from seronegative rats

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. DUBEY ◽  
S. K. SHEN ◽  
O. C. H. KWOK ◽  
P. THULLIEZ
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Congenital Transmission ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Generation Offspring

To study congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii during acute and chronic infections, 4 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were each fed 10000 oocysts of the VEG strain. Toxoplasma gondii was recovered from 33, 55, 83 and 57% of rats (F1) when dams were inoculated at 6, 9, 12 or 15 days of gestation, respectively. Progeny of 15 congenitally infected female rats were examined for T. gondii. Toxoplasma gondii was recovered from tissues of 1 of 155 rats (F2) born to congenitally infected dams. A total of 4 (F2) females were mated; 0 of 40 (F3) rats born to them were infected. None of the acutely infected 4 dams that had given birth to congenitally infected litters produced congenitally infected offspring during the second pregnancy. Thus, unlike mice, evidence for repeated congenital transmission of T. gondii in the rat was found in <1% of cases. Of the 16 congenitally T. gondii infected pups with demonstrable tissue cysts, 5 were seronegative (<1[ratio ]4) in the Sabin-Feldman dye test and 5 were seronegative (<1[ratio ]20) in the modified agglutination test by the use of whole formalinized tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol.

Seroprevalence and correlates of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cattle in northwest China

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Dong Tan ◽  
Xiao-Yu Yang ◽  
Ming-Yang Yin ◽  
Ling-Ying Hu ◽  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

AbstractPrevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors with infection were assessed in dairy cattle from Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NXHAR), northwest China. In total, 1657 serum samples were collected and assayed by the modified agglutination test. The overall seroprevalence was 4.83% at a 1:100 cut-off, with titers of 1:100 in 72, 1:200 in 4, 1:400 in 4. Among the risk factors examined, no statistically significant difference was observed between T. gondii seroprevalence and regions or age of dairy cattle in the logistic regression analysis (P>0.05) and left out of the final model. However, numbers of pregnancies of dairy cattle was considered as main risk factor associated with T. gondii infection. Dairy cattle in nulliparity group (8.89%) had 6 times (OR=6.31, 95% CI, 2.69-14.83, P<0.001) higher risk of being seropositive compared to dairy cattle in 3 or above 3 pregnancies group (1.52%), followed by 1 pregnancy group (4.27%) had nearly 3 times (OR=2.89, 95% CI, 1.11-7.52, P = 0.03) higher risk of being seropositive compared to dairy cattle in 3 or above 3 pregnancies group, although no statistical difference was found between 2 pregnancies group and 3 or above 3 pregnancies group (P = 0.70). The results of this survey indicated the presence of T. gondii infection in dairy cattle in Gansu Province and NXHAR, which enriches the epidemiological data of T. gondii infection in dairy cattle in China, and is helpful to strengthen prevention and control of T. gondii infection in dairy cattle in these two regions.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-living European mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon) hunted in central Germany

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Heddergott ◽  
Natalia Osten-Sacken ◽  
Peter Steinbach ◽  
Alain C. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Despite increasing consumption of mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon) meat in Germany, there is currently no surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii infection in populations of these animals and generally little knowledge about the prevalence of this protozoan in German wild ungulates. Between 2011 and 2015, we collected 138 blood samples from a free-living mouflon population in central German and tested sera for the presence of T. gondii antibodies using a modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off 1:20). Antibodies were detected in 31 of the 138 samples (22.46%). There was a significant difference in seroprevalence between the different age classes, with antibodies to T. gondii more frequent in adults. In contrast, there was no significant difference in seroprevalence depending on sex and year of sample collection. Game meat is frequently consumed as raw or undercooked meat and may therefore represent a potential source of human infection with T. gondii.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in commensal rodents sampled across Senegal, West Africa

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Brouat ◽  
Christophe Amidi Diagne ◽  
Khadija Ismaïl ◽  
Abdelkrim Aroussi ◽  
Ambroise Dalecky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Rodent Community

Risks related to Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans remain poorly known in Senegal. Although rodent surveys could help to assess the circulation of T. gondii, they have seldom been set up in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to examine Toxoplasma seroprevalence in rodents from villages and towns across Senegal. Rodents were sampled in 40 localities using a standardised trapping protocol. Detection of T. gondii antibodies was performed on 1205 rodents, using a modified agglutination test (MAT) technique. Seroprevalence data were analysed depending on geography, the local rodent community, and individual characteristics of the rodent hosts. We found 44 seropositive rodents from four different species (Mastomys erythroleucus, Mastomys natalensis, Mus musculus domesticus, Rattus rattus). Toxoplasma seroprevalence was low, averaging 4% in the localities. Higher Toxoplasma seroprevalence (up to 24%) was found in northern Senegal, a region known to be the heart of pastoral herding in the country.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Domestic and Migrating Birds from Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Amouei ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Azadeh Mizani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Migrating Birds

Toxoplasma gondii is widely prevalent in most warm-blooded animals worldwide. This protozoan is transmitted to intermediate hosts through a variety of modes. Humans are mainly infected by eating undercooked or raw meat of birds or livestock and eating food or drinking water contaminated with oocysts. Our aim was to assess T. gondii antibodies in birds. Samples were collected from 335 free-range birds and 50 migrating birds from September 2014 to December 2015. T. gondii antibodies were assayed using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Seroprevalence were verified in 51.4% of 385 birds (MAT titer ≥ 1:20 was seen in 51.3% and 52% of domestic and migrating birds, respectively). Statistically significant differences were not observed among species of birds. Free-range chickens of the central region showed a higher positive level than those of the other regions. However, the study results showed that more than half of the birds in this area are infected with T. gondii and therefore, could be considered as one of the most important hosts and a potential threat for consumers.

Prevalence and transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in wild brown rats, Rattus norvegicus

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Wild Rat ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Host Reservoir

SUMMARYPrevalence of Toxoplasma gondii within 6 UK farmstead wild rat populations, and 1 population maintained within a captivecat-free environment for 2·5 years, was examined. The mean prevalence found was 35% (n = 235), which is more than 3 times as high as all other wild rat prevalence levels previously reported in the UK. There were no significant age, sexor site differences in prevalence between or within populations irrespective of habitat type or presence of cats. Toxoplasma was also maintained within the captive rat population in the absence of cats at a prevalence, intensity, age and sexdistribution similar to that of the farmstead rat populations. These results suggest, firstly, that Toxoplasma can beperpetuated within wild rat populations without the sympatric presence of cats and secondly, that the congenital route isthe predominant route of transmission in wild rats. This study concludes that wild rats represent a significant and persistent wildlife intermediate host reservoir for toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in stray cats in Algiers urban area, Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
A. MOHAMED-CHERIF ◽  
K. BENFODIL ◽  
S. ANSEL ◽  
K.H. AIT-OUDHIA
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Human infections are common and generally asymptomatic, but they can become very dangerous in immunosuppressed and HIV-positive patients. The infection can also be serious if it is transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. Infection in untreated mothers can lead to abortion, birth defects and blindness of the fetus. The aim of this study is to determinethe seroprevalence of Toxoplasma IgT antibodies in cats in the urban area of Algiers. From December 2017 to August 2018, blood samples from 184 stray cats were collected and analyzed for IgG antibodies against T. gondii using an ELISA method. Overall, the prevalence of T. gondii infection in stray cats was 58.15% (107/184). There was no statistically significant difference between male and female cats. The rate of seropositivity of T. gondii increased with age (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the different regions from which the samples were taken. The results of the present study showed the high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Algiers rather than in other countries. Due to the high seroprevalence of Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in cats, it is recommended to include in the prenatal evaluation, together with the adoption of a screening test and the determination of the IgG antibody titer in the high-risk populations (young girls, pregnant women) public information programs on the disease and measures that can contribute to prevention

Infectivity in rodents of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae of human and murine origin

1980 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Combes ◽  
D. Imbert-Establet
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wild Rats

ABSTRACTExperimental infections of white laboratory mice and wild rats (Rattus rattus) with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni of different descent, whether murine or human, demonstrate that there is no significant difference in the probability of maturation of these cercariae into adult schistosomes.These results enable us to hypothesise that the reverse would be true, i.e. that cercariae of murine or human descent would be capable of infecting man with the same success rate.Circulation of the parasite from man to the rat and from the rat to man may therefore occur in natural habitats, which does not mean that rodents can maintain indefinitely and independently Schistosoma mansoni, nor does it mean that murine strains may not evolve locally.

MODULATION OF TRIGLYCERIDES IN FEMALE RATTUS RATTUS WITH STEROID CONTRACEPTIVE ALGESTONE ACETOPHENIDE (DHPA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHOK KUMAR ◽  
ALPANA PARMAR ◽  
ANAND KUMAR BAJPEYEE
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Steroid Contraceptive

Young female Black rat (Rattus rattus), were administered monthly long acting steroid contraceptive to induce hypertriglyceridemia. It was observed that by 3 weeks of the second injection of estrogen containing mixed type of contraceptive, female rats developed consistent and frank hyperglyceridemia . TG in the treated rats was 195.8 ± 7.44 mg /100 ml as compared to 91.5 ± 6.27 mg/100ml in plasma of the control group.

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