scholarly journals Small-Scale 5G Testbeds for Network Slicing Deployment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Ali Esmaeily ◽  
Katina Kralevska
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Functional Blocks ◽  
Cost Efficient

Developing specialized cloud-based and open-source testbeds is a practical approach to investigate network slicing functionalities in the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. This paper provides a comprehensive review of most of the existing cost-efficient and small-scale testbeds that partially or fully deploy network slicing. First, we present relevant software packages for the three main functional blocks of the ETSI NFV MANO framework and for emulating the access and core network domains. Second, we define primary and secondary design criteria for deploying network slicing testbeds. These design criteria are later used for comparison between the testbeds. Third, we present the state-of-the-art testbeds, including their design objectives, key technologies, network slicing deployment, and experiments. Next, we evaluate the testbeds according to the defined design criteria and present an in-depth summary table. This assessment concludes with the superiority of some of them over the rest and the most dominant software packages satisfying the ETSI NFV MANO framework. Finally, challenges, potential solutions, and future works of network slicing testbeds are discussed.

Caching Resource Sharing for Network Slicing in 5G Core Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingmin Jia ◽  
RenChao Xie ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
Yunjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Iteration Algorithm ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Good Convergence ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Convergence Performance ◽  
Multiple Network ◽  
The One

Network slicing has been considered a promising technology in next generation mobile networks (5G), which can create virtual networks and provide customized service on demand. Most existing works on network slicing mainly focus on virtualization technology, and have not considered in-network caching well. However, in-network caching, as the one of the key technologies for information-centric networking (ICN), has been considered as a significant approach in 5G network to cope with the traffic explosion and network challenges. In this article, the authors jointly consider in-network caching combining with network slicing. They propose an efficient caching resource sharing scheme for network slicing in 5G core network, aiming at solving the problem of how to efficiently share the limited physical caching resource of Infrastructure Provider (InP) among multiple network slices. In addition, from the perspective of network slicing, the authors formulate caching resource sharing problem as a non-cooperative game, and propose an iteration algorithm based on caching resource updating to obtain the Nash Equilibrium solution. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has good convergence performance, and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Caching Resource Sharing for Network Slicing in 5G Core Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 627-646
Author(s):  
Qingmin Jia ◽  
RenChao Xie ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
Yunjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Iteration Algorithm ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Good Convergence ◽  
Next Generation Mobile Networks ◽  
Convergence Performance ◽  
Multiple Network ◽  
The One

Network slicing has been considered a promising technology in next generation mobile networks (5G), which can create virtual networks and provide customized service on demand. Most existing works on network slicing mainly focus on virtualization technology, and have not considered in-network caching well. However, in-network caching, as the one of the key technologies for information-centric networking (ICN), has been considered as a significant approach in 5G network to cope with the traffic explosion and network challenges. In this article, the authors jointly consider in-network caching combining with network slicing. They propose an efficient caching resource sharing scheme for network slicing in 5G core network, aiming at solving the problem of how to efficiently share the limited physical caching resource of Infrastructure Provider (InP) among multiple network slices. In addition, from the perspective of network slicing, the authors formulate caching resource sharing problem as a non-cooperative game, and propose an iteration algorithm based on caching resource updating to obtain the Nash Equilibrium solution. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has good convergence performance, and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

scholarly journals Enabling the Orchestration of IoT Slices through Edge and Cloud Microservice Platforms

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernandez ◽  
Vidal ◽  
Valera
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Functional Prototype ◽  
Practical Feasibility

This article addresses one of the main challenges related to the practical deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions: the coordinated operation of entities at different infrastructures to support the automated orchestration of end-to-end Internet of Things services. This idea is referred to as “Internet of Things slicing” and is based on the network slicing concept already defined for the Fifth Generation (5G) of mobile networks. In this context, we present the architectural design of a slice orchestrator addressing the aforementioned challenge, based on well-known standard technologies and protocols. The proposed solution is able to integrate existing technologies, like cloud computing, with other more recent technologies like edge computing and network slicing. In addition, a functional prototype of the proposed orchestrator has been implemented, using open-source software and microservice platforms. As a first step to prove the practical feasibility of our solution, the implementation of the orchestrator considers cloud and edge domains. The validation results obtained from the prototype prove the feasibility of the solution from a functional perspective, verifying its capacity to deploy Internet of Things related functions even on resource constrained platforms. This approach enables new application models where these Internet of Things related functions can be onboarded on small unmanned aerial vehicles, offering a flexible and cost-effective solution to deploy these functions at the network edge. In addition, this proposal can also be used on commercial cloud platforms, like the Google Compute Engine, showing that it can take advantage of the benefits of edge and cloud computing respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison of LPWAN Technologies: Cost Structure and Scalability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Istiak Hossain ◽  
Jan I. Markendahl
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Generic Framework ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

AbstractSmall-scale commercial rollouts of Cellular-IoT (C-IoT) networks have started globally since last year. However, among the plethora of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, the cost-effectiveness of C-IoT is not certain for IoT service providers, small and greenfield operators. Today, there is no known public framework for the feasibility analysis of IoT communication technologies. Hence, this paper first presents a generic framework to assess the cost structure of cellular and non-cellular LPWAN technologies. Then, we applied the framework in eight deployment scenarios to analyze the prospect of LPWAN technologies like Sigfox, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, LTE-M, and EC-GSM. We consider the inter-technology interference impact on LoRaWAN and Sigfox scalability. Our results validate that a large rollout with a single technology is not cost-efficient. Also, our analysis suggests the rollout possibility of an IoT communication Technology may not be linear to cost-efficiency.

scholarly journals An experimental publish-subscribe monitoring assessment to Beyond 5G networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Perez ◽  
Jaime Garcia-Reinoso ◽  
Aitor Zabala ◽  
Pablo Serrano ◽  
Albert Banchs
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Distributed Monitoring ◽  
Distributed Environment ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Cloud Computing System ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

AbstractThe fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks is designed to accommodate different types of use cases, each of them with different and stringent requirements and key performance indicators (KPIs). To support the optimization of the network performance and validation of the KPIs, there exist the necessity of a flexible and efficient monitoring system and capable of realizing multi-site and multi-stakeholder scenarios. Nevertheless, for the evolution from 5G to 6G, the network is envisioned as a user-driven, distributed Cloud computing system where the resource pool is foreseen to integrate the participating users. In this paper, we present a distributed monitoring architecture for Beyond 5G multi-site platforms, where different stakeholders share the resource pool in a distributed environment. Taking advantage of the usage of publish-subscribe mechanisms adapted to the Edge, the developed lightweight monitoring solution can manage large amounts of real-time traffic generated by the applications located in the resource pool. We assess the performance of the implemented paradigm, revealing some interesting insights about the platform, such as the effect caused by the throughput of monitoring data in performance parameters such as the latency and packet loss, or the presence of a saturation effect due to software limitations that impacts in the performance of the system under specific conditions. In the end, the performance evaluation process has confirmed that the monitoring platform suits the requirements of the proposed scenarios, being capable of handling similar workloads in real 5G and Beyond 5G scenarios, then discussing how the architecture could be mapped to these real scenarios.

scholarly journals Measuring Key Quality Indicators in Cloud Gaming: Framework and Assessment Over Wireless Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Sebastian Peñaherrera-Pulla ◽  
Carlos Baena ◽  
Sergio Fortes ◽  
Eduardo Baena ◽  
Raquel Barco
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Know How ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Graphics Rendering ◽  
The Impact

Cloud Gaming is a cutting-edge paradigm in the video game provision where the graphics rendering and logic are computed in the cloud. This allows a user’s thin client systems with much more limited capabilities to offer a comparable experience with traditional local and online gaming but using reduced hardware requirements. In contrast, this approach stresses the communication networks between the client and the cloud. In this context, it is necessary to know how to configure the network in order to provide service with the best quality. To that end, the present work defines a novel framework for Cloud Gaming performance evaluation. This system is implemented in a real testbed and evaluates the Cloud Gaming approach for different transport networks (Ethernet, WiFi, and LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and scenarios, automating the acquisition of the gaming metrics. From this, the impact on the overall gaming experience is analyzed identifying the main parameters involved in its performance. Hence, the future lines for Cloud Gaming QoE-based (Quality of Experience) optimization are established, this way being of configuration, a trendy paradigm in the new-generation networks, such as 4G and 5G (Fourth and Fifth Generation of Mobile Networks).

scholarly journals A two-dimensional glacier–fjord coupled model applied to estimate submarine melt rates and front position changes of Hansbreen, Svalbard

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (247) ◽  
pp. 745-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. DE ANDRÉS ◽  
J. OTERO ◽  
F. NAVARRO ◽  
A. PROMIŃSKA ◽  
J. LAPAZARAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coupled Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Front Position ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Glacier Front ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Frontal Ablation

ABSTRACTWe have developed a two-dimensional coupled glacier–fjord model, which runs automatically using Elmer/Ice and MITgcm software packages, to investigate the magnitude of submarine melting along a vertical glacier front and its potential influence on glacier calving and front position changes. We apply this model to simulate the Hansbreen glacier–Hansbukta proglacial–fjord system, Southwestern Svalbard, during the summer of 2010. The limited size of this system allows us to resolve some of the small-scale processes occurring at the ice–ocean interface in the fjord model, using a 0.5 s time step and a 1 m grid resolution near the glacier front. We use a rich set of field data spanning the period April–August 2010 to constrain, calibrate and validate the model. We adjust circulation patterns in the fjord by tuning subglacial discharge inputs that best match observed temperature while maintaining a compromise with observed salinity, suggesting a convectively driven circulation in Hansbukta. The results of our model simulations suggest that both submarine melting and crevasse hydrofracturing exert important controls on seasonal frontal ablation, with submarine melting alone not being sufficient for reproducing the observed patterns of seasonal retreat. Both submarine melt and calving rates accumulated along the entire simulation period are of the same order of magnitude, ~100 m. The model results also indicate that changes in submarine melting lag meltwater production by 4–5 weeks, which suggests that it may take up to a month for meltwater to traverse the englacial and subglacial drainage network.

scholarly journals End-to-end Network Slicing for 5G Mobile Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Nakao ◽  
Ping Du ◽  
Yoshiaki Kiriha ◽  
Fabrizio Granelli ◽  
Anteneh Atumo Gebremariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
End To End ◽  
5G Mobile Networks

scholarly journals Efficient caching resource allocation for network slicing in 5G core network

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 2792-2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingmin Jia ◽  
Renchao Xie ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
Yunjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Slicing
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