scholarly journals A Novel Improved Reversible Visible Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Grad-CAM and JND

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jiasheng Qu ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Xiangchun Liu ◽  
Lizhi Zhao ◽  
Xiaobing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Visible Image ◽  
Content Protection ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Visible Watermarking ◽  
Integrity Protection ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

With the rapid access convenience of content brought by 5G technology, the integrity protection of content becomes more important. The reversible visible watermarking algorithm has attracted more attention due to its effective content protection. In this paper, a novel improved reversible visible image watermarking scheme based on gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) and the just noticeable difference (JND) model has been presented. The proposed region of interest (ROI) selection strategy is used to locate the main protected body of images for watermark embedding. Divide the watermark and ROI into nonoverlapping blocks in the same way and then embed the classified two types of watermark blocks into corresponding ROI blocks with the JND model. The optimal bit positions for watermark embedding can be selected adaptively with JND threshold and achieve the tradeoff between the watermark visibility and watermarked image quality. For lossless image recovery and watermark extraction, the recovery information is reversibly hidden into watermarked image. In the experiments, the same process of grayscale images is used to each channel separately for color images watermarking. Besides, there are six aspects in this paper to estimate the proposed scheme; with the comparison to other reversible visible watermarking schemes, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

scholarly journals An entropy-based image watermarking scheme by improving robustness in shearlet and wavelet domain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujian Zhuang ◽  
Xiaoyi Zhou ◽  
Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Singular Value ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Wavelet Domain ◽  
Geometric Attacks ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Adaptive Adjustment ◽  
Fixed Embedding ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

Abstract The existing robust digital watermarking schemes mainly embed information in the fixed positions or with fixed embedding strength, while seldom considering adaptive adjustment based on the characteristics of the cover image, thus it reduces the imperceptibility and the robustness of watermarking. Aiming at these issues, we propose a scheme which can be able to dynamically adjust the watermark embedding position and strength. Therefore, it guarantees the trade-off between robustness and imperceptibility. The appropriate embedding positions are dynamically selected for the watermark by comparing the image entropy, and the embedding strength of the image blocks are adaptively adjusted according to the entropy and the Just Noticeable Difference (JND) model in the Human Visual System (HVS)-based wavelet domain. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is performed on the image blocks to ensure the resistant ability of geometric attacks. The experimental results show that the scheme has good imperceptibility as well as strong robustness against various attacks. The robustness in common attacks is improved by at least 1% compared with similar watermarking schemes.

scholarly journals Reversible Watermarking in Medical Image Using RDWT and Sub-Sample

Cryptography ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 480-497
Author(s):  
Lin Gao ◽  
Tiegang Gao ◽  
Jie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Medical Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Reversible Watermarking ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Watermarking Scheme ◽  
Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform ◽  
Image Encryption Algorithm

This paper proposed a reversible medical image watermarking scheme using Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT) and sub-sample. To meet the highly demand of the perceptional quality, the proposed scheme embedding the watermark by modifying the RDWT coefficients. The sub-sample scheme is introduced to the proposed scheme for the enhancement of the embedding capacity. Moreover, to meet the need of security, a PWLCM based image encryption algorithm is introduced for encrypting the image after the watermark embedding. The experimental results suggests that the proposed scheme not only meet the highly demand of the perceptional quality, but also have better embedding capacity than former DWT based scheme. Also the encryption scheme could protect the image contents efficiently.

scholarly journals Spatial-Perceptual Embedding with Robust Just Noticeable Difference Model for Color Image Watermarking

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Yunming Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yantong Zhan ◽  
Wenbo Wan
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Quantization Step ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Robust Image ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics

In the robust image watermarking framework, watermarks are usually embedded in the direct current (DC) coefficients in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain, since the DC coefficients have a larger perceptual capacity than any alternating current (AC) coefficients. However, DC coefficients are also excluded from watermark embedding with the consideration of avoiding block artifacts in watermarked images. Studies on human vision suggest that perceptual characteristics can achieve better image fidelity. With this perspective, we propose a novel spatial–perceptual embedding for a color image watermarking algorithm that includes the robust just-noticeable difference (JND) guidance. The logarithmic transform function is used for quantization embedding. Meanwhile, an adaptive quantization step is modeled by incorporating the partial AC coefficients. The novelty and effectiveness of the proposed framework are supported by JND perceptual guidance for spatial pixels. Experiments validate that the proposed watermarking algorithm produces a significantly better performance.

scholarly journals An Adaptive and Secure Holographic Image Watermarking Scheme

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuying Yu ◽  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Xinan Chen ◽  
Jianzhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Logistic Map ◽  
Suggested Method ◽  
Contourlet Transform ◽  
Schur Decomposition ◽  
Holographic Image ◽  
Computer Generated Hologram ◽  
Key Space ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

A novel adaptive secure holographic image watermarking method in the sharp frequency localized contourlet transform (SFLCT) domain is presented. Based upon the sine logistic modulation map and the logistic map, we develop an encrypted binary computer-generated hologram technique to fabricate a hologram of a watermark first. Owing to the enormous key space of the encrypted hologram, the security of the image watermarking system is increased. Then the hologram watermark is embedded into the SFLCT coefficients with Schur decomposition. To obtain better imperceptibility and robustness, the entropy and the edge entropy are utilized to select the suitable watermark embedding positions adaptively. Compared with other watermarking schemes, the suggested method provides a better performance with respect to both imperceptibility and robustness. Experiments show that our watermarking scheme for images is not only is secure and invisible, but also has a stronger robustness against different kinds of attack.

Reversible Watermarking in Medical Image Using RDWT and Sub-Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Gao ◽  
Tiegang Gao ◽  
Jie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Medical Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Reversible Watermarking ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Watermarking Scheme ◽  
Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform ◽  
Image Encryption Algorithm

This paper proposed a reversible medical image watermarking scheme using Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT) and sub-sample. To meet the highly demand of the perceptional quality, the proposed scheme embedding the watermark by modifying the RDWT coefficients. The sub-sample scheme is introduced to the proposed scheme for the enhancement of the embedding capacity. Moreover, to meet the need of security, a PWLCM based image encryption algorithm is introduced for encrypting the image after the watermark embedding. The experimental results suggests that the proposed scheme not only meet the highly demand of the perceptional quality, but also have better embedding capacity than former DWT based scheme. Also the encryption scheme could protect the image contents efficiently.

Multiresolution SVD Based Image Watermarking Scheme Using Noise Visibility Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swanirbhar Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Singular Value Decomposition ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Singular Value ◽  
Visibility Function ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Eigen Values ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Watermarking Scheme ◽  
First Time

This paper presents a robust and imperceptible methodology of watermark embedding. It uses two vital techniques, firstly the Multi-Resolution Singular Value Decomposition (MR-SVD) and an image adaptive algorithm on the lines of the human visual system (HVS), called Noise Visibility Function (NVF). This is a special type of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) with cell based operation for multi-resolution behavior like wavelets. So, by embedding the watermark in the Eigen values the robustness of the scheme is enhanced. While for the imperceptibility the NVF has been employed here. The optimal areas for embedding the watermark are characterized by it based on the local smooth or rough textures detected on the MR-SVD image based on the wavelet strength at sub bands. For imperceptibility, the algorithm has been tested on standard test images and different types of attacks for robustness to obtain encouraging results. This incorporates MR-SVD for the first time with HVS based NVF function. Together they produce better results.

An Imperceptible Watermarking Scheme for Medical Images Tamper Detection

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Secure Communication ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Digital Image Watermarking ◽  
Watermark Image ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

One of the important issues in telemedicine field refers to an advanced secure communication. Digital image watermarking is an ideal solution since it protects the electronic patient information’s from unauthorized access. This paper presents a novel blind fragile-based image watermarking scheme in spatial domain that merges Speed Up Robust Features (SURF) descriptor with the well-known Weber Descriptors (WDs) and Arnold algorithm. It provides a good way for enhancing the image quality and time complexity for medical data integrity. Firstly, the watermark image is shuffled using Arnold chaotic map. Secondly, the SURF technique is practiced to Region of Interest (ROI) of the medical image and then the blocks around the SURF points are selected to insert the watermark. Finally, the watermark is encrusted and extracted using WDs. Experimental results show good image fidelity with the shortest execution time to ensure medical images integrity.

Difference-expansion based reversible and visible image watermarking scheme

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 8497-8516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Chang Chen ◽  
Yao-Hong Tsai ◽  
Hsin-Cheng Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Difference Expansion ◽  
Visible Image ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

A Blind Image Watermarking Scheme Utilizing BTC Bitplanes

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ning Yang ◽  
Zhe-Ming Lu
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Image Block ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Watermarking Scheme ◽  
Blind Image

This paper presents a novel image watermarking scheme utilizing Block Truncation Coding (BTC). This scheme uses BTC to guide the watermark embedding and extraction processes. During the embedding process, the original cover image is first partitioned into non-overlapping 4×4 blocks. Then, BTC is performed on each block to obtain its BTC bitplane, and the number of ‘1’s in the bitplane is counted. If the watermark bit to be embedded is ‘1’ and the number of ‘1’s is odd, or the watermark bit to be embedded is ‘0’ and the number of ‘1’s is even, then no change is made. Otherwise, by changing at most three pixels in the original image block, the number of ‘1’s (or ‘0’s) in the renewed bitplane are forced to be odd for the watermark bit ‘1’ or to be even for the watermark bit ‘0’. During the extraction process, BTC is first performed on each block to obtain its bitplane. If the number of ‘1’s in the bitplane is odd, then the embedded watermark bit is ‘1’. Otherwise, the embedded watermark bit is ‘0’. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking method is semi-fragile except for the changes in brightness and contrast; therefore, the proposed method can be used for image authentication.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Visible Watermark Embedding Method based on Region Selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wenfa Qi ◽  
Yuxin Liu ◽  
Sirui Guo ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Zongming Guo
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Image Texture ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Watermark Image ◽  
Embedding Method ◽  
Host Image ◽  
Region Selection ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Visible Watermarking ◽  
Visible Watermark

Aiming at the problem that the robustness, visibility, and transparency of the existing visible watermarking technologies are difficult to achieve a balance, this paper proposes an adaptive embedding method for visible watermarking. Firstly, the salient region of the host image is detected based on superpixel detection. Secondly, the flat region with relatively low complexity is selected as the embedding region in the nonsalient region of the host image. Then, the watermarking strength is adaptively calculated by considering the gray distribution and image texture complexity of the embedding region. Finally, the visible watermark image is adaptively embedded into the host image with slight adjustment by just noticeable difference (JND) coefficient. The experimental results show that our proposed method improves the robustness of visible watermarking technology and greatly reduces the risk of malicious removal of visible watermark image. Meanwhile, a good balance between the visibility and transparency of the visible watermark image is achieved, which has the advantages of high security and ideal visual effect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document