scholarly journals Positive Effect of Electroacupuncture Treatment on Gut Motility in Constipated Mice Is Related to Rebalancing the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mingmin Xu ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorder ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Electroacupuncture Treatment

Functional constipation (FC) is a common and often recurrent functional bowel disorder that seriously affects the quality of life of affected individuals and incurs a significant economic burden on both the individual and society. There is accumulating evidence that intestinal dysbiosis contributes to constipation and that rebalancing the gut microbiota may be a novel therapeutic modality for FC. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to restore the gut microbiota to normal levels in a variety of diseases. Additionally, several high-quality clinical studies have confirmed that EA is an effective, sustained, and safe treatment for FC. However, whether the effects of EA are secondary to changes in the gut microbiota and how EA modulates intestinal dysbiosis induced by constipation are unknown. Therefore, here, we focused on the potential regulatory mechanisms of EA on diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice by analyzing structural changes in the gut microbiota. Our results showed that EA treatment effectively rebalanced the gut microbiota of constipated mice, mainly by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which may represent one way in which EA promotes gastrointestinal motility and alleviates constipation. Our findings lay the foundation for further mechanistic and clinical research into the application of EA in patients with FC.

scholarly journals Dysbiosis, Host Metabolism, and Non-communicable Diseases: Trialogue in the Inborn Errors of Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Montanari ◽  
Sara Parolisi ◽  
Elisa Borghi ◽  
Lorenza Putignani ◽  
Giulia Bassanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
The Individual

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) represent a complex system model, in need of a shift of approach exploring the main factors mediating the regulation of the system, internal or external and overcoming the traditional concept of biochemical and genetic defects. In this context, among the established factors influencing the metabolic flux, i.e., diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, xenobiotics, infectious agents, also the individual gut microbiota should be considered. A healthy gut microbiota contributes in maintaining human health by providing unique metabolic functions to the human host. Many patients with IEMs are on special diets, the main treatment for these diseases. Hence, IEMs represent a good model to evaluate how specific dietary patterns, in terms of macronutrients composition and quality of nutrients, can be related to a characteristic microbiota associated with a specific clinical phenotype (“enterophenotype”). In the present review, we aim at reporting the possible links existing between dysbiosis, a condition reported in IEMs patients, and a pro-inflammatory status, through an altered “gut-liver” cross-talk network and a major oxidative stress, with a repercussion on the health status of the patient, increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). On this basis, more attention should be paid to the nutritional status assessment and the clinical and biochemical signs of possible onset of comorbidities, with the goal of improving the long-term wellbeing in IEMs. A balanced intestinal ecosystem has been shown to positively contribute to patient health and its perturbation may influence the clinical spectrum of individuals with IEMs. For this, reaching eubiosis through the improvement of the quality of dietary products and mixtures, the use of pre-, pro- and postbiotics, could represent both a preventive and therapeutic strategy in these complex diseases.

scholarly journals The contribution of tourism to the Croatian Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neven Ivandić ◽  
Ivan Šutalo
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Multiplicative Effects ◽  
Positive Effect

In order to understand the contribution of tourism to the economy and the effects of possible structural changes during the tourism boom that Croatia is currently facing, the article focuses on the place and role of tourism in the Croatian economy and its impact on the output of the most relevant industries. The aim of the paper is to estimate the contribution of tourism to the gross domestic product of Croatia and to measure the multiplicative effects of tourism consumption on the different industries of the economy during a nine year period, based on a specific methodological framework, which integrates tourism satellite and input-output models in three different years. The analysis has provided an approximation of the total tourist industry contribution to the national economy, ranging from 14.2 to 16.3 percent of the gross value added of the whole of the economy. It concludes that tourism consumption has a positive effect on both tourism and non-tourism products and activities. Improvement of the quality of the research within the input-output framework requires the process of the fractionalization of input-output tables but also a more precise extraction of activities characteristic of tourism than there has previously been.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MUTU PELAYANAN PERPAJAKAN DAN KEPUASAN WAJIB PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAKPADA SISTEM E-FILING PERPAJAKAN DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanes Mardinata Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Filing System ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Effect

<p><em>This study is intended to determine the effect of the tax service quality and satisfaction of taxpayers on tax compliance within the individual educational foundation noble mother.</em><em> This study uses quantitative analytical research method, where the data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to individual taxpayers in the environment of Bunda Mulia education foundation in Jakarta. Data obtained then processed by using software SPSS 23. The results of this study indicate the existence of: (a) positive and significant relationship between the qualities of tax service tax officer (tax) to the taxpayer compliance of individuals; (b) a positive and significant relationship between the satisfactions of individual taxpayers on individual taxpayer compliance.The results represent that the quality of tax services provided by tax officials (tax authorities) have a positive effect on taxpayer compliance of individuals on the system of e-filing taxation in Indonesia. In addition, the level of personal taxpayer satisfaction in the noble education foundation also has a positive and significant impact on the taxpayer compliance of individuals on the tax e-filing system in Indonesia. This research has contributed in assisting and supporting the implementation of e-filing system organized by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, especially the Directorate General of Taxation.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><em> quality of tax service, taxpayers satisfaction, taxpayer compliance, personal taxpayers,e-filing system of Indonesian taxation.</em></p>

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL STIMULATION OF THE CHOROID PLEXUS AND EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS

1918 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Flexner ◽  
Harold L. Amoss ◽  
Frederick Eberson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intravenous Inoculation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The experiments recorded in this paper serve, in the first place, to confirm the experiments of Dixon and Halliburton on the stimulating effect of intravenous injections of extracts of choroid plexus in the secretion of the cerebrospinal fluid, and extend their observations to monkeys. They bring out also the variable effects of the virus of poliomyelitis, variations affected by the quality of the virus and also by the individual powers of resistance to infection possessed by individual monkeys. These factors of variation must be taken into account in performing and interpreting experiments on infection and particularly those on immunity and specific therapy in relation to poliomyelitis. In general it may be said that experimental infection by way of the blood is not easy to produce in monkeys unless some contributing factor, such as the existence of a coincident aseptic meningitis, operates at the same time. And yet Experiments 1 and 2 show that when the strength of the virus is great the injection of relatively considerable quantities suffices to induce infection and paralysis, but not in all instances. The chief outcome of the experiments has been to determine the fact that when the intravenous inoculation of the virus does not in itself suffice to induce infection and paralysis, the intravenous injection of extracts of the choroid plexus, which in themselves excite the secretory functions which preside over the formation of the cerebrospinal fluid, is powerless to modify this result. This fact would seem to be of interest and importance, since it has already been shown that very slight structural changes in the meningeal-choroidal complex suffice to make possible or certain infection under these circumstances. Apparently mere augmentation, from time to time, of the secretory functions of the choroid plexus, through intravenous injection of an extract of the choroid plexus and while the virus is still circulating, is insufficient to insure passage of the virus from the blood into the nervous tissues, upon which infection depends. Neither does the augmentation exercise a restraining influence on the development of infection otherwise capable of taking place.

scholarly journals Assessment of health-related quality of life of patients with chronic arthritis

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 684-689
Author(s):  
Dusan Mustur ◽  
Vladislava Vesovic-Potic ◽  
Tatjana Ille ◽  
Dejana Stanisavljevic ◽  
Mihailo Ille
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Disease Specific

The assessment of the quality of life as a subjective measure of therapeutic intervention outcome appears to be increasingly adopted by different fields of medicine. In contrast to conventional indicators of condition, which are recognized as objective outcomes, the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) focuses on the patient himself. HRQoL has been determined as the perception of the individual of his or her situation in the current culture and value system; it includes wishes, expectations and emotional responses of the individual related to his or her health. Chronic arthritis leads to irreversible structural changes in joints and consequently to impaired physical function and reduced HRQoL. Today there are validated disease specific ('target') questionnaires to assess HRQoL in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, but not yet in patients with psoriatic arthritis. A disease specific questionnaire makes easier approach to patients suffering from a specific rheumatic condition; it enables the comparison of HRQoL among patients suffering from the different types of chronic arthritis. The most frequently used questionnaire in the assessment of the HRQoL of patients suffering from chronic arthritis is the generic MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) which is considered as the 'gold standard'. It is a generic questionnaire for the assessment of HRQoL in patients with chronic arthritis. To our knowledge, there are only a few studies focused on the HRQoL of patients suffering from chronic arthritis in Serbia and Montenegro.

Quality of Government and Social Trust

2021 ◽  
pp. 538-558
Author(s):  
Peter Thisted Dinesen ◽  
Kim Mannemar Sønderskov
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Output Side ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

In this chapter we review the literature on the relationship between quality of government—conceptualized as quality of institutions at the output side of government—and generalized social trust (trust in strangers). After reviewing the theoretical mechanisms—in both directions—proposed to link social trust and quality of government, we review the empirical evidence. We report considerable evidence for a positive relationship between trust and various manifestations of quality of government at both the societal level (macro) and the individual level (micro). Most studies have limited causal leverage, but a few studies—primarily at the individual level—employ designs better suited for causal statements. These studies suggest a positive effect of institutional quality on generalized social trust. We conclude the review by discussing path for further research.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Yulana Wicaksari ◽  
Sartika Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of taxpayer awareness, quality of tax services, tax sanctions, tax knowledge0and tax amnesty on individual taxpayer compliance. Sample in this study were 100 individual taxpayers at the Tax Service Office (KPP) in the city of Semarang. Data used in this study is primary data by distributing questionnaires to0respondents using google form. Sample selection in this study used accidental sampling using the Slovin formula. After fulfilling0the classical assumption test, then the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Results showed that taxpayer awareness, tax sanctions, tax knowledge and tax amnesty had a positive effect on individual taxpayer compliance. While the quality of tax services does not affect the compliance of individual taxpayers. Value of the coefficient0of determination test with the individual taxpayer compliance value of 41.90 percent can be explained by the research variables. The result of this study can be input for the government what should be done to improve taxpayer compliance.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effect of Continuous Care Model and Partnership Care Model on the Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Somayeh Meshkani ◽  
Sana Shahrabady ◽  
Milad Borji ◽  
Shahla Fakhreazizi
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Continuous Care ◽  
The Status ◽  
Individual Health Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: Sleep quality is one of the important variables that effectson the individual health status. For this reason, the present study aims to investigate the effect of CCM and PCM on the patients’sleepquality. Methods: All interventional articles about the effect of CCM and PCM on sleep quality status were searched with the keywords of CCM, PCM, partnership care model, continuous care model and sleep quality at the Iranian scientific databases such as SID, Magiran, IranMedex and ISC, and the international databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science. Then, after reviewing the entry and exit criteria and qualitative evaluation of the articles, Excel software was used to analyze the data. Results: In this study, all published article about CCM, PCM and Sleep quality were reviewed.  All of the articles were conducted as clinical trial and the diagnostic tool of them were Pittsburg, in this instrument lower rate indicate less sleep disorder. The sample size of the study was 540 patients. According to the findings, the implementation of both models of CCM and PCM improved the sleep quality of patients. Conclusion: Considering the more positive effect of CCM and PCM in improving the status of sleep quality in patients, so the implementation of this model is recommended to improve the patients’ sleep quality.

scholarly journals Assessing the Individual Interviewer Rapport-Building and Supportive Techniques of the R-NICHD Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anett Tamm ◽  
Jana Otzipka ◽  
Renate Volbert
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vignette Study ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Rapport Building ◽  
Experienced Child ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Perceived Pressure ◽  
Positive Effect

The use of the rapport-building and supportive techniques formulated by the R-NICHD protocol is intended to support children and increase the quality of their statements as well as disclosures without possessing suggestive potential. While the effectiveness of the entire R-NICHD protocol for children who have actually experienced child sexual abuse (CSA) has been supported by research, to date no study assessed the effect of each individual socio-emotional interview technique in both interviewees with and without CSA experiences. The current study aimed to address this gap in research by means of an online vignette-study, asking participants to rate the identified rapport-building and supportive techniques on the scales well-being, willingness to talk, and perceived pressure. A total of 187 participants were randomly assigned to either a hypothetical “abused” or a hypothetical “not abused” group by means of a vignette-manipulation. The results suggest that many socio-emotional interview techniques were perceived as supportive and non-suggestive, while a number of techniques were perceived as not supportive but suggestive. Few differences emerged between the hypothetical “abused” group and the hypothetical “not abused” control group. To conclude, most but not all rapport-building and supportive techniques proposed by the R-NICHD protocol had a positive effect on interviewees.

scholarly journals Diet as a Modulator of Intestinal Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Dourado ◽  
Margarida Ferro ◽  
Catarina Sousa Guerreiro ◽  
João Eurico Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-driven inflammatory disease characterised by synovial inflammation, leading to progressive cartilage and bone destruction, impacting patients’ functional capacity and quality of life. Patients with RA have significant differences in gut microbiota composition when compared to controls. Intestinal dysbiosis influences the intestinal barrier strength, integrity and function, and diet is considered the main environmental factor impacting gut microbiota. Over the last few years, researchers have focused on the influence of single components of the diet in the modulation of intestinal microbiota in RA rather than whole dietary patterns. In this review, we focus on how the Mediterranean diet (MD), a whole dietary pattern, could possibly act as an adjuvant therapeutic approach, modulating intestinal microbiota and intestinal barrier function in order to improve RA-related outcomes. We also review the potential effects of particular components of the MD, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols and fibre.

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