scholarly journals Carbon Stock and Soil Characteristics under Expansive Shrubs in the Dry Afromontane Forest in Northern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mebrahtu Haile ◽  
Emiru Birhane ◽  
Meley Mekonen Rannestad ◽  
Muyiwa S. Adaramola
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Condition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

Increased presence of expansive plant species could bring about various ecological influences on biomass carbon, soil organic carbon, and the physical and chemical properties of the soils. However, their impacts on these ecological parameters could differ due to a wide range of life forms, plant communities of the invaded ecosystems, and abiotic conditions. This work was conducted to examine the impacts of Cadia purpurea and Tarchonanthus camphoratus cover on carbon stock in vegetation and soil and soil physicochemical properties in Desa’a forest, northern Ethiopia. Vegetation and soil data were collected from a total of 150 sampling plots (size 20 m × 20 m) from uninvaded and invaded vegetation conditions. The soil samples were collected from topsoil (0–15 and 15–30 cm) of the uninvaded and invaded vegetation conditions. The statistical difference in carbon stock and soil characteristics P < 0.05 of both invaded and uninvaded vegetation conditions were tested using an independent t-test using an R-software. The mean above- and below-ground biomass carbon stocks of the uninvaded vegetation condition (17.62 Mg·C/ha and 4.14 Mg·C/ha, respectively) were found to be significantly higher than those of the invaded vegetation condition (4.73 Mg·C/ha and 1.11 Mg·C/ha, respectively). The mean soil organic carbons (SOC) were significantly higher P < 0.01 in the uninvaded (122.83 Mg·C/ha) than in the invaded (90.13 Mg·C/ha) vegetation condition. The total carbon stock estimates were significantly higher P < 0.01 in the uninvaded vegetation condition (144.59 Mg·C/ha) than in the invaded vegetation condition (95.97 Mg·C/ha). Furthermore, the result revealed that most of the soil characteristics were significantly lower P < 0.05 under the expansive shrubs invaded vegetation conditions except for significantly high sand content P < 0.05 . Silt, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, copper, and zinc did not significantly change with the cover of the expansive shrubs. Our results suggest that increased presence of the expansive species decreased carbon trapping and affected most of the soil nutrients within the forest. Hence, to enhance the carbon storage potential and to maintain the soil nutrient status of the forest, proper conservation, monitoring, and management of the existing PNV and controlling a further expansion of the expansive shrubs are required. Further studies will be required on the factors responsible for the difference in carbon stocks and soil nutrients in each vegetation condition in addition to the impacts of the expansive shrubs expansion.

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration and Soil Restoration Potential of Grazing Lands under Exclosure Management in a Semi-Arid Environment of Northern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegay Gebregergs ◽  
Zewdu K. Tessema ◽  
Negasi Solomon ◽  
Emiru Birhane
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total N ◽  
Vegetation Biomass ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
The Impact

Exclosures are used to regenerate native vegetation as a way to reduce soil erosion, increase rain water infiltration and provide fodder and woody biomass in degraded grazing lands. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of grazing exclosure on vegetation biomass, carbon sequestration and soil nutrients under five and ten years of grazing exclosures and freely grazed areas in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Vegetation biomass, carbon stocks and soil nutrients increased with increasing grazing exclusion. However, open grazing lands and five years of grazing exclosure did not differ in aboveground biomass, above-and-belowground carbon stocks. Moreover, ten years of grazing exclosure had a higher (P&lt;0.01) grass, herb and litter carbon stocks compared to five years exclosure and open grazing lands. The total carbon stock was higher for ten years exclosure (193.3 t C ha-1) than the five years exclosure (154.0 t C ha-1) and in open grazing areas (146.6 t C ha-1). Grazing lands closed for ten years had a higher SOC, organic matter, total N, available P, and exchangeable K+ and Na+ compared to five year&rsquo;s exclosure and open grazing lands. Therefore, establishment of grazing exclosures had a positive effect in restoring degraded grazing lands, thus improving vegetation biomass, carbon sequestration potentials and soil nutrients under the changing climate and global warming.

scholarly journals Carbon Stock of Seagrass Community in Barranglompo Island, Makassar (Stok Karbon pada Komunitas Lamun di Pulau Barranglompo, Makassar)

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriadi Supriadi ◽  
Richardus F Kaswadji ◽  
Dietrich G Bengen ◽  
Malikusworo Hutomo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Seagrass Community ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Depth Relationship ◽  
Seagrass Density

Konsep blue carbon yang diperkenalkan oleh UNEP, FAO dan UNESCO pada tahun 2009 memasukkan padang lamun sebagai salah satu ekosistem yang mempunyai peran dalam penyerapan karbon global. Karbon yang diserap disimpan dan dialirkan dalam beberapa kompartemen, antara lain di sedimen, herbivora, kolom air, ekosistem lain dan dalam bentuk biomassa. Penelitian dilakukan di Pulau Barranglompo, Makassar, untuk melihat potensi stok karbon yang tersimpan dalam biomassa lamun. Kepadatan lamun diukur dengan melakukan sampling menggunakan metode transek kuadrat dengan ukuran 50cm x 50cm. Sedangkan untuk biomassa dilakukan dengan transek 20cm x 20cm. Hubungan antara kepadatan, biomassa dan kandungan karbon dari lamun digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah stok karbon. Kepadatan lamun disurvei pada 236 titik, sedangkan untuk pengambilan sampel biomassa dilakukan pada 30 titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas lamun mempunyai total stok karbon sebesar 73,86 ton dari total luas padang lamun 64,3 ha. Karbon di bawah substrat sebesar 56,55 ton (76,3%), lebih tinggi dibanding karbon di atas substrat yang hanya 17,57 ton (23,7%). Jenis lamun Enhalus acoroides menyumbang lebih dari 70% terhadap total stok karbon. Berdasarkan kelas karbon, kontribusi terbesar ditemukan pada kelas 100-200 gC.m-2 sebesar 29,41 ton (39,7%). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem lamun berperan sangat penting dalam menjaga stok karbon di laut sehingga perlu mendapatkan perhatian untuk konservasinya. Kata kunci: konsep blue karbon, lamun, Barranglompo   Blue carbon concept as introduced by UNEP, FAO and UNESCO in 2009 included seagrass beds as one ecosystem having a significant role in global carbon absorption. Absorbed carbon was stored and distributed in various compartments such as in sediments, herbivores, water column, other ecosystems and in form of biomass. The research was conducted in Barranglompo Island, Makassar City to analyze the potency of carbon stock that stored within seagrass biomass. Seagrass density was sampled using quadrat transect method with size of 50cm x 50cm. While for biomass was done by harvesting seagrass at transect of 20cm x 20cm in root penetration depth. Relationship between density, biomass and carbon content of seagrass were used to determine total carbon stock. Seagrass density was surveyed at 236 points, while for biomass sampling was conducted in 30 points. The results showed that seagrass community had total carbon stocks as much as 73.86 tonnes from overall 64.3 ha of seagrass bed areas.  Below ground carbon had 56.55 tonnes (76.3%), higher compared to that aboveground which only 17.57 tonnes (23.7%). Seagrass species Enhalus acoroides contributed more than 70% to the total carbon stocks, whereas, based on the carbon classes, the highest contribution was found at class 100-200 gC.m-2 i.e. 29.41 tonnes (39.7%). These results suggest that seagrass ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining the carbon stock in the ocean and should receive good attention for its conservation. Keywords: blue carbon concept, seagrass, Barranglompo

scholarly journals Estimation on the Change of Above-Ground Carbon Stock in Arboretum University of Lampung

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kristian Gomos Banjarnahor ◽  
Agus Setiawan ◽  
Arief Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Earth Temperature

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that could increase earth temperature. Through the photosynthesis process, plants absorb CO2 then convert it into carbohydrates, then sequester it in the body of plants. The purpose of the study is to estimate the changes in the carbon stock at the Arboretum University of Lampung. The methods used were stock difference by counting the carbon changes or difference between carbon stored in 2010 and 2016. While the stand biomass estimation measured by trees general allometric equations with non-destructive sampling. The results showed that the total carbon was 46% of the total biomass. Carbon stock in 2016 were about 226.75 ton/ha, showing an increase of 59.72% or 84.78 ton/ha compared to in 2010’s. The increase was due to additional growth of 804 trees as a result of plantation activity and natural regeneration. Keywords: Arboretum, biomass, carbon, necromass, University of Lampung.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF ABOVEGROUND CARBON STOCK USING SAR SENTINEL-1 IMAGERY IN SAMARINDA CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Bayu Elwanto Bagus Dewanto ◽  
Retnadi Heru Jatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Empirical Modelling ◽  
Aboveground Carbon ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Estimated Error ◽  
Total Carbon Stock

Estimation of aboveground carbon stock on stands vegetation, especially in green open space, has become an urgent issue in the effort to calculate, monitor, manage, and evaluate carbon stocks, especially in a massive urban area such as Samarinda City, Kalimantan Timur Province, Indonesia. The use of Sentinel-1 imagery was maximised to accommodate the weaknesses in its optical imagery, and combined with its ability to produce cloud-free imagery and minimal atmospheric influence. The study aims to test the accuracy of the estimated model of above-ground carbon stocks, to ascertain the total carbon stock, and to map the spatial distribution of carbon stocks on stands vegetation in Samarinda City. The methods used included empirical modelling of carbon stocks and statistical analysis comparing backscatter values and actual carbon stocks in the field using VV and VH polarisation. Model accuracy tests were performed using the standard error of estimate in independent accuracy test samples. The results show that Samarinda Utara subdistrict had the highest carbon stock of 3,765,255.9 tons in the VH exponential model. Total carbon stocks in the exponential VH models were 6,489,478.1 tons, with the highest maximum accuracy of 87.6 %, and an estimated error of 0.57 tons/pixel.

scholarly journals Carbon storage along altitudes in agrisilviculture system- Case study of Devprayag Block, Tehri District, Uttarakhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
K.K. Vikrant ◽  
D.S. Chauhan ◽  
R.H. Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon Stock ◽  
Crop Biomass

Climate change is one of the impending problems that have affected the productivity of agroecosystems which calls for urgent action. Carbon sequestration through agroforestry along altitude in mountainous regions is one of the options to contribute to global climate change mitigation. Three altitudes viz. lower (286-1200m), middle (1200-2000m), and upper (2000-2800m) have been selected in Tehri district. Ten Quadrates (10m × 10 m) were randomly selected from each altitude in agrisilviculture system. At every sampling point, one composite soil sample was taken at 30 cm soil depth for soil organic carbon analysis. For the purpose of woody biomass, Non destructive method and for crop biomass assessment destructive method was employed. Finally, aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass carbon (BGB), Total tree Biomass (TTB), Crop biomass (CB), Total Biomass (TB), Total biomass carbon (TBC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and total carbon stock (TC) status were estimated and variables were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).The result indicated that AGB, BGB, TTB, CB , TB, TBC, SOC, and TC varied significantly (p < 0.05) across the altitudes. Results showed that total carbon stock followed the order upper altitude ˃ middle altitudes ˃ lower altitude. The upper altitude (2000-2800 m) AGB, BGB,TTB, TBC,SOC, and TC stock was estimated as 2.11 Mg ha-1 , 0.52 Mg ha-1, 2.63 Mg ha-1, 2.633 Mg ha-1, 1.18 Mg ha-1 , 26.53 Mg ha-1, 38.48 Mg ha-1 respectively, and significantly higher than the other altitudes. It was concluded that agrisilviculture system hold a high potential for carbon storage at temperate zones. Quercus lucotrichophora, Grewia oppositifolia and Melia azadirach contributed maximum carbon storage which may greatly contribute to the climate resilient green economy strategy and their conservation should be promoted.

scholarly journals Study on Carbon Stock of Leasehold Forests of Katakuti VDC, Dolakha District

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Tshering Dolma Lama ◽  
Ram Asheshwar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Total Carbon Stock

A study was carried on ten leasehold forests of Katakuti VDC, Dolakha district to estimate the carbon stock. Random sampling was used to collect the biophysical data of trees/ poles, sapling, root and leaf litter, herb and grass. Then, the biomass was calculated using the respective equation and the calculated biomass stock was converted into carbon stock multiplying with 0.47. Similarly, the soil samples were collectewd from different depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm to determine the soil organic carbon. Lastly, all analyzed data were compiled to get total carbon stocks. The result showed that the estimated total carbon stock per ha was found to be highest in Srijana leasehold forest with 125.493 t C/ha. The estimated total carbon stock of 10 leasehold forest was found to be 1439.033 tons. Here, Leasehold forests have been an emerging and successful example in conserving forests in epal. So, it is recommended to extend such studies in other parts of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10255   The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 63-67

scholarly journals The Hydro, Wind and Solar Hybrid Power Generation and Balancing Energy Supply-Demand for Seyemtribua Rural Village in Northern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Tesfaye Gezahegn ◽  
Samuel Dagalo Hatiye ◽  
Melkamu Teshome Ayana ◽  
Abebe Temesgen Ayalew ◽  
Thomas Torora Minda
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Village

Abstract Background:Ethiopia has a wide range of renewable energy resources for the electrification of rural areas which are often disconnected from the national grid. However, these have not yet been utilized for supplying energy to the rural community. Methods:The techno-economic viability of the hydro, wind, and solar hybrid power potential of Seyemtribua village in the Geba Catchment, Northern Ethiopia was evaluated using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software package. The hydrologic, meteorological, and demographic data collected from different sources were contemplated to analyze the power output and demand of the village. The simulation and optimization techniques in HOMER were employed for the possible configuration of micro-hydro, wind, and solar power hybrid systems. Besides the standalone, two and more systems were also combined to evaluate the technical capability of the hybrid system. The hourly and daily electrical load of the community was obtained using survey data from selected households.Results:The mean annual power output that can be harnessed from the micro-hydro, solar, and wind is 272.4 kilowat, 161.8 kilowat, and 96.8 kilowat, respectively. The combination of these energy sources is sufficient to satisfy the power demand of the village. However, the mean hourly variation of power output from the hybrid system demonstrated shortage during peak load times which can be assisted by a generator output. The economic analysis revealed that the hybrid system is feasible and cheaper than other sources of energy besides its environmental benefit.Conclusions: The potential of energy production from hybrid systems (solar, wind and micro-hydro power systems) and its economic feasibility for remotely located villages in Ethiopian condition is promising. We suggest decision-makers, governmental and non-governmental agencies, power authorities, and investors consider such hybrid systems for rural electrification in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals A comparative study on carbon stock in Sal (Shorea robusta) forest in two different ecological regions of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Pandey ◽  
M. Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
Carbon Stock Density ◽  
The Hill

Estimation of total biomass and carbon sequestration in any forest is crucial as it gives ecological and economic benefits through various environmental services. With an aim to quantify the carbon stock densities in the two different ecological regions–the Hills and the Terai, two Community Forests (CFs) having the dominance of Shorea robusta were selected from Gorkha (in the Hills) and Chitwan (in the Terai) districts for the purpose of the study. Systematic random sampling with 1% sampling intensity was used to collect necessary data. The total carbon stock in the CFs of the Hills and the Terai were found to be 234.54 t ha-1 and 479.29 t ha-1, respectively. The biomass carbon stock density in the CF of the Terai was found to be higher (384.20 t ha-1) than the one in the Hills (123.15 t ha-1). Carbon densities of different carbon pools such as tree; sapling; leaf litter, grass and herbs were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the Terai than in the Hill forest whereas dead wood and stumps and the soil organic carbon density were found to be not significantly different in these regions. Similarly, the highest amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) was found in the uppermost soil horizon in the forests of both the regions. These results revealed that the biomass carbon stock density was higher in the Terai S. robusta forest than in the Hill S. robusta forest. However, the SOC obtained was in inverse relation to that of the biomass carbon stock in both the ecological regions. It would not be biased if different ecological regions with similar forest types are intervened with different management strategies for having more carbon stocks and for the conservation of biodiversity in the days to come.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page: 24-31, 2016

scholarly journals Biomass, Carbon Stock and Sequestration Potential of Oxytenanthera abyssinica forests in Lower Beles River Basin, Northwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiferaw Abebe ◽  
Amare Sewnet Minale ◽  
Demel Teketay ◽  
Durai Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Oxytenanthera Abyssinica ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract Background: Ethiopia is endowed with abundant bamboo resources. However, little is known about biomass, carbon sequestration and storage potential of bamboos. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the carbon sequestration and storage potential of Oxytenanthera abyssinica forests in Lower Beles River Basin, Northwestern Ethiopia. To this end, A total of 54 circular plots of 100 m2, with plots having a radius of 5.64, were established to conduct the inventory in Assitsa and Eddida bamboo forests, the typical bamboo sites in Lower Beles River Basin. Biomass accumulation of bamboo was estimated using an allometric equation based on diameter at breast height (DBH) and age. Soil samples were taken from two different soil depths (0 – 15 and 15 – 30 cm) to determine soil organic carbon.Results: Results indicate that a total of 1,620 bamboo culms were measured in the bamboo forests. The mean biomass of the bamboo forests in the study area accounted for about 140.11 ± 2.55 Mg ha-1. The mean biomass carbon and soil organic carbon stock of the bamboo forests were 65. 85 ± 1.19 and 69.70 ± 1.83 Mg C ha-1, respectively. Therefore, the mean carbon stock of the O. abyssinica bamboo forests was 135.63 ± 2.33 Mg C ha-1 with 497.8 ± 8.55 CO2 equivalents. Conclusion: Generally, the O. abyssinica bamboo forests of the study area have significant role in climate change mitigation. Therefore, sustainable management of these crucial vegetation resources will enhance their role in carbon sequestration and thereby, climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Stand density management and blue carbon stock of monospecific mangrove plantation in Bohol, Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Dixon T. Gevaña ◽  
Leni D. Camacho ◽  
Sofronio C. Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractBlue carbon pertains to carbon stock that is stored by marine ecosystems including mangrove forest. Density and blue carbon stock assessment was conducted covering matureRhizophora stylosaGriff. plantations in Bohol, Philippines. Three stand types were assessed: thinned mature stand (0.34 tree m−2at 55 years old; 35 ha); non-thinned mature stand (1.2 tree m−2at 55 years old; 20 ha) and young stand (2.6 tree m−2at 20 years old; 150 ha). These plantations were initially established with a plant spacing of 0.5 m × 0.5 m. Non-destructive plot sampling technique was used to account biomass and carbon stocks of trees and sediments. Five (5) sample plots measuring 200 m2were allocated for each stand type. Results showed that the total carbon stock of plantations amassed to 64.5 ktC or 236.6 ktCO2e. More than half (at least 54%) of this stock is imbedded in sediment. Individual accounts showed that carbon stock was largest in non-thinned stand with 435.2 tC ha−1, followed by thinned stand (408.5 tC ha−1) and young stand (276.8 tC ha−1). There was no significant difference between thinned and non-thinned mature stands carbon stocks. Such finding suggested the potential of having thinning intervention. Following the self-thinning rule of 1.1 to 1.3 tree m−2, the local community can harvest as much as 423 trees ha−1yr−1for 35 years starting at the plantation age of 20 years. Further, the additional carbon stock between the ages 20 to 55 years could reach about 580 tCO2e ha−1with an economic value of USD 2,962 ha−1. With this potential benefits, it is recommended that Banacon Island should pursue a carbon offset project for its plantations.

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