scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence, Prehospital Evaluation, and Presentation of Ischemic Stroke at a Nonurban Comprehensive Stroke Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Cesar Velasco ◽  
Brandon Wattai ◽  
Scott Buchle ◽  
Alicia Richardson ◽  
Varun Padmanaban ◽  
...  

Introduction. Many reports have described a decrease in the numbers of patients seeking medical attention for typical emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic. These reports primarily relate to urban areas with widespread community transmission. The impact of COVID-19 on nonurban areas with minimal community transmission is less well understood. Methods. Using a prospectively maintained prehospital quality improvement database, we reviewed our hospital EMS transports with a diagnosis of stroke from January to April 2019 (baseline) and January to April 2020 (pandemic). We compared the volume of patients, transport/presentation times, severity of presenting symptoms, and final diagnosis. Results. In January, February, March, and April 2019, 10, 11, 17, and 19 patients, respectively, were transported in comparison to 19, 14, 10, and 8 during the same months in 2020. From January through April 2019, there was a 53% increase in transports, compared to a 42% decrease during the same months in 2020, constituting significantly different trend-line slopes (3.30; 95% CI 0.48–6.12 versus -3.70; 95% CI -5.76–-1.64, p = 0.001 ). Patient demographics, comorbidities, and symptom severity were mostly similar over the two time periods, and the number of patients with a final diagnosis of stroke was also similar. However, the median interval from EMS dispatch to ED arrival for patients with a final diagnosis of stroke was significantly longer in January to April 2020 ( 50 ± 11.7   min ) compared to the same time period in 2019 ( 42 ± 8.2   min , p = 0.01 ). Discussion/Conclusion. Our data indicate a decrease in patient transport volumes and longer intervals to EMS activation for suspected stroke care. These results suggest that even in a nonurban location without widespread community transmission, patients may be delaying or avoiding care for severe illnesses such as stroke. Clinicians and public health officials should not ignore the potential impact of pandemic-like illnesses even in areas of relatively low disease prevalence.

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Velasco ◽  
Alicia M Richardson ◽  
Varun Padmanaban ◽  
Raymond K Reichwein ◽  
Ephraim Church ◽  
...  

Introduction: Many reports have described a decrease in the numbers of patients seeking medical attention for typical emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic. These reports primarily relate to urban areas with widespread community transmission. The impact of COVID-19 on non-urban areas with minimal community transmission is less well understood. Methods: Using a prospectively maintained pre-hospital quality improvement database, we reviewed our hospital EMS transports with a diagnosis of stroke from January to April 2019 (baseline) and January to April 2020 (pandemic). We compared the volume of patients, transport/presentation times, severity of presenting symptoms, and final diagnosis. Results: In January, February, March, and April 2019 10, 11, 17 and 19 patients, respectively were transported in comparison to 19, 14, 10 and 8 during the same months in 2020. From January through April 2019 there was a 53% increase in transports, compared to a 42% decrease during the same months in 2020. The slopes of these trend lines are significantly different (3.30; 95%CI 0.48 - 6.12 versus -3.70; 95%CI -5.76 - -1.64, P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in demographics, comorbidities, symptom severity, or stroke discharge diagnoses between the two time periods. However, the median interval from LKW to time of EMS dispatch was significantly longer in January to April 2020 (12 + 273 min) compared to the same time period of January through April in 2019 (7 + 115 min). Conclusion: Our data indicate not only a decrease in patient transport volumes but more alarmingly, significantly longer intervals to EMS activation for suspected stroke care. These results suggest that even in a non-urban location without widespread community transmission patients were delaying or avoiding care for severe illness such as stroke.


Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine V Lapsys ◽  
Jasmine Rochelle B Belmonte ◽  
Nathalie De La Pena-Gamboa ◽  
Raeesa Dhanji ◽  
Regina I Cuenca ◽  
...  

Introduction: Stroke Champions (SC) are AHA recommended designated inpatient nurses that serve as expert resources for their units to ensure that evidence-based practices for stroke care are implemented. Inpatient Code Strokes (ICS) are difficult to recognize which results in delayed treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine if there was an improvement in inpatient acute stroke metrics with the addition of SC in the hospital. Methods: Over a 12-month period at a Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC), 12 nurses in the inpatient stroke units were trained as SC. This training consisted of advanced education in CSC metrics, guidelines and required documentation. SC provided peer-to-peer education, served as expert resources, conducted comprehensive chart reviews, shift huddles, and “on the spot” feedback to nurses and physicians. The metrics were examined pre and post intervention and included: Symptom Recognition Time (SRT) to CT interpretation, SRT to tPA bolus time, and SRT to groin puncture. SRT is equivalent to Emergency Department door time for inpatient strokes. Statistical analysis was performed using T-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: There were 114 pre-SC and 101 post-SC ICS. There was a trend toward more patients being accurately diagnosed with a TIA or stroke (75.3% post vs. 65.8% pre-SC; p=0.06). The SRT to CT interpretation time for patients who received tPA improved from 43 to 35 mins. The number of patients treated with tPA increased from 10 to 17. SRT to tPA bolus time trended toward improvement from 57 to 42 mins (p=0.07). SRT to groin puncture time in patients who received both tPA and thrombectomy trended toward improvement from 81 vs. 65 mins (p=0.07). There were twice as many inpatient thrombectomy cases in post-SC (n=23) vs. pre-SC (n=12). Conclusion: The knowledge and expertise provided by SC resulted in a higher percentage of ICS having a final diagnosis of stroke. This demonstrates an increased accuracy of stroke specific symptom recognition by the inpatient nursing teams. There was improved SRT to tPA bolus and groin puncture time. This is the only study that shows implementation of the AHA recommended SC program improves inpatient code stroke recognition and treatment metrics.


Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Phan ◽  
Megan Degener

Background: An estimated two million brain cells die every minute cerebral perfusion is impaired. The best outcomes for acute ischemic strokes are achieved by decreasing the time from emergency department (ED) arrival to thrombolytic therapy. Alteplase, a high risk medication, was dosed and prepared in the pharmacy. This contributed to prolonged door to needle (DTN) times. Purpose: To describe the impact of pharmacist interventions on DTN times in the ED. Methods: All patients who received alteplase for acute ischemic stroke from January 2012 to April 2019 were reviewed. In November 2012, the ED pharmacy program began with a dedicated ED pharmacist for 8 hours a day and expanded to 13 hours a day in September 2014. During those hours alteplase was prepared at bedside in the ED. In November 2015, all pharmacists were trained on the ED code stroke process. Monthly case reviews and DTN times were reported to the stroke coordinators starting January 2017. Alteplase preparation and administration in the computed tomography (CT) room started April 2017. Following comprehensive stroke center certification, routine stroke competency exams were administered to pharmacists in 2018. In 2019, pharmacists started reporting DTN times at neuroscience core team meetings. Results: During this time frame, a total of 407 patients received alteplase. Average DTN times decreased from a baseline of 130.9 minutes to 45.3 minutes. Interventions that resulted in the largest decrease in average DTN times were the expanded ED service hours (34.6 minutes) and pharmacist preparation of alteplase in the CT room (21.9 minutes). Conclusions: Pharmacists directly impacted stroke care in the ED by decreasing DTN times. Presence of a pharmacist in the ED enabled fast and safe delivery of alteplase by ensuring accurate dosing and preparation. Pharmacists also performed rapid medication reconciliation and expedited antihypertensive therapies. In conclusion, having pharmacists as part of the stroke team is a model that could be adopted by hospitals to enhance stroke care.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio D'Anna ◽  
Maddison Brown ◽  
Sikdar Oishi ◽  
Natalya Ellis ◽  
Zoe Brown ◽  
...  

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is having major implications for stroke services worldwide. We aimed to study the impact of the national lockdown period during the COVID-19 outbreak on stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) care in London, UK.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from a quality improvement registry of consecutive patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke and TIA to the Stroke Department, Imperial College Health Care Trust London during the national lockdown period (between March 23rd and 30th June 2020). As controls, we evaluated the clinical reports and stroke quality metrics of patients presenting with stroke or TIA in the same period of 2019.Results: Between March 23rd and 30th June 2020, we documented a fall in the number of stroke admissions by 31.33% and of TIA outpatient referrals by 24.44% compared to the same period in 2019. During the lockdown, we observed a significant increase in symptom onset-to-door time in patients presenting with stroke (median = 240 vs. 160 min, p = 0.020) and TIA (median = 3 vs. 0 days, p = 0.002) and a significant reduction in the total number of patients thrombolysed [27 (11.49%) vs. 46 (16.25%, p = 0.030)]. Patients in the 2020 cohort presented with a lower median pre-stroke mRS (p = 0.015), but an increased NIHSS (p = 0.002). We registered a marked decrease in mimic diagnoses compared to the same period of 2019. Statistically significant differences were found between the COVID and pre-COVID cohorts in the time from onset to door (median 99 vs. 88 min, p = 0.026) and from onset to needle (median 148 vs. 126 min, p = 0.036) for thrombolysis whilst we did not observe any significant delay to reperfusion therapies (door-to-needle and door-to-groin puncture time).Conclusions: National lockdown in the UK due to the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant decrease in acute stroke admission and TIA evaluations at our stroke center. Moreover, a lower proportion of acute stroke patients in the pandemic cohort benefited from reperfusion therapy. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of the pandemic on stroke care.


Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangala Gopal ◽  
Ciaran Powers ◽  
Shahid M Nimjee ◽  
Sharon Heaton ◽  
Vivien Lee

Introduction: Although Mobile Stroke Treatment Units (MSTU) can reduce time to intravenous thrombolysis (IVtPA), limitations in MSTU care have not been well described. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients transported by MSTU to our academic comprehensive stroke center (CSC) from May 2019 to August 2020 for suspected stroke to assess for potential limitations of care. The Columbus MSTU is owned by a separate health system, but represents a collaborative venture with 3 CSCs and the Columbus Division of Fire, operating daily from 7am-7pm. Data was abstracted on demographics, clinical presentation, last known normal (LKN) time, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), neuroimaging, and IVtPA administration. Results: Among 93 patients transported to our CSC by MSTU, the mean age was 65 years (range, 21-93) and 61 (66%) were female. The mean initial NIHSS was 7.1 (range, 0 to 33) and 52 (55.9%) had a final diagnosis of stroke (4 hemorrhagic, 48 ischemic). IVtPA was administered in 15 (16.1%) with a mean LKN to IVtPA time of 120 minutes (range, 41 to 243). Among 15 patients treated with IVtPA, 10 received IVtPA in MSTU and 5 in CSC ED. In 7 patients who underwent thrombectomy, mean door to groin time was 57 minutes (range, 28 to 88). Among the overall group, 9 (9.7%) cases were identified with limitations in MSTU care, including 2 patients who received IVtPA by MSTU that were more than 10% off from ideal dosing (underdosed by 9mg and overdosed by 21mg), 1 warfarin-associated hemorrhage requiring intubation who did not receive reversal in MSTU but did upon arrival to CSC ED, and 5 patients who received IVtPA after arrival to CSC ED. The reasons for withholding IVtPA included inability to confirm LKN, patient declination, lack of translator, incorrect LKN, and seizure requiring intubation. The LKN to IVtPA time was significantly longer in the ED compared to MSTU (197 vs 82 minutes, p <0.0001). Conclusion: In our series of suspected stroke patients evaluated by MSTU, gaps identified within MSTU acute stroke care were related to limitations of resources and included errors in weight-based IVtPA dosing, inability to administer IVtPA, or reversal for anti-coagulation related hemorrhage. Clinicians need to be aware of potential pitfalls of MSTU evaluation.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2092103
Author(s):  
Scott Gutovitz ◽  
Jonathan Leggett ◽  
Leslie Hart ◽  
Samuel M Leaman ◽  
Heather James ◽  
...  

Introduction We evaluated the impact of tele-neurologists on the time to initiating acute stroke care versus traditional bedside neurologists at an advanced stroke center. Methods This observational study evaluated time to treatment for acute stroke patients at a single hospital, certified as an advanced primary stroke centre, with thrombectomy capabilities. Consecutive stroke alert patients between 1 March, 2016 and 31 March, 2018 were divided into two groups based on their neurology consultation service (bedside neurology: 1 March, 2016–28 February, 2017; tele-neurology: 1 April, 2017–31 March, 2018). Door-to-tPA time and door-to-IR time for mechanical thrombectomy were compared between the two groups. Results Nine hundred and fifty-nine stroke patients met the inclusion criteria (436 bedside neurology, 523 tele-neurology patients). There were no significant differences in sex, age, or stroke final diagnosis between groups ( p > 0.05). 85 bedside neurology patients received tPA and 35 had mechanical thrombectomy, 84 and 44 for the tele-neurology group respectively. Door-to-tPA time (median (IQR)) was significantly higher among tele-neurology (64 min (51.5–83.5)) than bedside neurology patients (45 min (34–69); p < 0.0001). There was no difference in door-to-IR times (mean ± SD) between bedside neurology (87.2 ± 33.3 min) and tele-neurology (90.4 ± 33.4 min; p = 0.67). Discussion At this facility, our tele-neurology services vendor was associated with a statistically significant delay in tPA administration compared with bedside neurologists. There was no difference in door-to-IR times. Delays in tPA administration make it harder to meet acute stroke care guidelines and could worsen patient outcomes.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile PLUMEREAU ◽  
Tae-Hee CHO ◽  
Marielle BUISSON ◽  
Camille AMAZ ◽  
Matteo CAPPUCCI ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic would have particularly affected acute stroke care. However, its impact is clearly inherent to the local stroke network conditions. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on acute stroke care in the Lyon comprehensive stroke center during this period.MethodsWe conducted a prospective data collection of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or mechanical thrombectomy (MT) during the COVID-19 period (from 29/02/2020 to 10/05/2020) and a control period (from 29/02/2019 to 10/05/2019). The volume of reperfusion therapies and pre and intra-hospital delays were compared during both periods.ResultsA total of 208 patients were included. The volume of IVT significantly decreased during the COVID-period (55 (54.5%) vs 74 (69.2%); p=0.03) and was mainly due to time delay among patients treated with MT. The volume of MT remains stable over the two periods (72 (71.3%) vs 65 (60.8%); p=0.14) but the door-to-groin puncture time increased in patients transferred for MT (237 [187-339] vs 210 [163-260]; p<0.01). The daily number of Emergency Medical Dispatch calls considerably increased (1502 [1133-2238] vs 1023 [960-1410]; p<0.01).ConclusionsOur study showed a decrease of the volume of IVT, whereas the volume of MT remained stable although intra-hospital delays increased for transferred patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results contrast in part with the national surveys and suggest that the impact of the pandemic may depend on local stroke care networks.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Silvia Pastor ◽  
Elena de Celis ◽  
Itsaso Losantos García ◽  
María Alonso de Leciñana ◽  
Blanca Fuentes ◽  
...  

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Stroke is a serious health problem, given it is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the European Union. Our study aimed to assess the impact of stroke care organization measures (such as the development of stroke units, implementation of a regional stroke code, and treatment with intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy) implemented from 1997 to 2017 on hospital admissions due to stroke and mortality attributed to stroke in the Madrid health region. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Epidemiological data were obtained from the National Statistics Institute public website. We collected data on the number of patients discharged with a diagnosis of stroke, in-hospital mortality due to stroke and the number of inhabitants in the Madrid health region each year. We calculated rates of discharges and mortality due to stroke and the number of inhabitants per SU bed, and we analysed temporal trends in in-hospital mortality due to stroke using the Daniels test in 2 separate time periods (before and after 2011). Figures representing annual changes in these data from 1997 to 2017 were elaborated, marking stroke care organizational measures in the year they were implemented to visualize their temporal relation with changes in stroke statistics. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Hospital discharges with a diagnosis of stroke have increased from 170.3/100,000 inhabitants in 1997 to 230.23/100,000 inhabitants in 2017. However, the in-hospital mortality rate due to stroke has decreased (from 33.3 to 15.2%). A statistically significant temporal trend towards a decrease in the mortality percentage and rate was found from 1997 to 2011. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study illustrates how measures such as the development of stroke units, implementation of a regional stroke code and treatment with intravenous thrombolysis coincide in time with a reduction in in-hospital mortality due to stroke.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Xin ◽  
Xuanyu Huang ◽  
Changyun Liu ◽  
Yun Huang

Abstract Background Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the stroke care systems have been seriously affected because of social restrictions and other reasons. As the pandemic continues to spread globally, it is of great significance to understand how COVID-19 affects the stroke care systems in mainland China. Methods We retrospectively studied the real-world data of one comprehensive stroke center in mainland China from January to February 2020 and compared it with the data collected during the same period in 2019. We analyzed DTN time, onset-to-door time, severity, effects after treatment, the hospital length of stays, costs of hospitalization, etc., and the correlation between medical burden and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Results The COVID-19 pandemic was most severe in mainland China in January and February 2020. During the pandemic, there were no differences in pre-hospital or in-hospital workflow metrics (all p>0.05), while the degree of neurological deficit on admission and at discharge, the effects after treatment, and the long-term prognosis were all worse (all p<0.05). The severity and prognosis of AIS patients were positively correlated with the hospital length of stays and total costs of hospitalization (all p<0.05). Conclusions COVID-19 pandemic is threatening the stroke care systems. Measures must be taken to minimize the collateral damage caused by COVID-19.


2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-017365
Author(s):  
Mais Al-Kawaz ◽  
Christopher Primiani ◽  
Victor Urrutia ◽  
Ferdinand Hui

BackgroundCurrent efforts to reduce door to groin puncture time (DGPT) aim to optimize clinical outcomes in stroke patients with large vessel occlusions (LVOs). The RapidAI mobile application (Rapid Mobile App) provides quick access to perfusion and vessel imaging in patients with LVOs. We hypothesize that utilization of RapidAI mobile application can significantly reduce treatment times in stroke care by accelerating the process of mobilizing stroke clinicians and interventionalists.MethodsWe analyzed patients presenting with LVOs between June 2019 and October 2020. Thirty-one patients were treated between June 2019 and March 2020 (pre-app group). Thirty-three patients presented between March 2020 and October 2020 (post-app group). Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to examine variables that are not normally distributed. In a secondary analysis we analyzed interhospital time metrics between primary stroke centers and our comprehensive stroke center.ResultsBaseline demographic and vascular risk factors were similar in both groups. Use of Rapid Mobile App resulted in 33 min reduction in DGPT (P=0.02), 35 min reduction in door to first pass time (P=0.02), and 37 min reduction in door to recanalization time (P=0.02) in univariate analyses when compared with patients treated pre-app. In a multiple linear regression model, utilization of Rapid Mobile App significantly predicted shorter DGPT (P=0.002). In an adjusted model, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 24 hours after procedure and at discharge were significantly lower in the post-app group (P=0.03). Time of transfer between primary and comprehensive stroke center was comparable in both groups (P=0.26).ConclusionIn patients with LVOs, the implementation of the RapidAI mobile application was independently associated with reductions in intrahospital treatment times.


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