scholarly journals 4DCT Scanning Technique for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Steven Raeymaeckers ◽  
Maurizio Tosi ◽  
Johan De Mey
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Bolus Tracking ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All

Objective. 4DCT for the detection of (an) enlarged parathyroid(s) is a commonly performed examination in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism. Protocols are often institution-specific; this review aims to summarize the different protocols and explore the reported sensitivity and specificity of different 4DCT protocols as well as the associated dose. Materials and Methods. A literature study was independently conducted by two radiologists from April 2020 until May 2020 using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) database. Articles were screened and assessed for eligibility. From eligible studies, data were extracted to summarize different parameters of the scanning protocol and observed diagnostic attributes. Results. A total of 51 articles were included and 56 scanning protocols were identified. Most protocols use three (n = 25) or four different phases (n = 23). Almost all authors include noncontrast enhanced imaging and an arterial phase. Arterial images are usually obtained 25–30 s after administration of contrast, and less agreement exists concerning the timing of the venous phase(s). A mean contrast bolus of 100 mL is administered at 3-4 mL/s. Bolus tracking is not often used (n = 3). A wide range of effective doses are reported, up to 28 mSv. A mean sensitivity of 81.5% and a mean specificity of 86% are reported. Conclusion. Many different 4DCT scanning protocols for the detection of parathyroid adenomas exist in the literature. The number of phases does not appear to affect sensitivity or specificity. A triphasic approach, however, seems preferable, as three patterns of enhancement of parathyroid adenomas are described. Bolus tracking could help to reduce the variability of enhancement. Sensitivity and specificity also do not appear to be affected by other scan parameters like tube voltage or tube current. To keep the effective dose within limits, scanning at a lower fixed tube current seems preferable. Lowering tube voltage from 120 kV to 100 kV may yield similar image contrast but would also help lower the dose.

scholarly journals Single phase computed tomography is equivalent to dual phase method for localizing hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: A retrospective review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Moron ◽  
Alfred Delumpa ◽  
Justin Chetta ◽  
Danielle Guffey ◽  
David Dunaway
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Multiphase Ct ◽  
Parathyroid Imaging

Objective: This study aims to compare the sensitivity of dual phase (non-contrast and arterial) versus single phase (arterial) CT for detection of hyper-functioning parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods: The CT scans of thirty-two patients who have biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism, pathologically proven parathyroid adenomas, and pre-operative multiphase parathyroid imaging were evaluated retrospectively in order to compare the adequacy of single phase vs. dual phase CT scans for the detection of parathyroid adenomas. Results: The parathyroid adenomas were localized in 83% of cases on single arterial phase CT and 80% of cases on dual phase CT. The specificity for localization of parathyroid tumor was 96% for single phase CT and 97% for dual phase CT. The results were not significantly different (p=0.695). These results are similar to those found in the literature for multiphase CT of 55-94%. Conclusions: Our study supports the use of a single arterial phase CT for the detection of hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenomas. Advances in knowledge: A single arterial phase CT has similar sensitivity for localizing parathyroid adenomas as dual phase CT and significantly reduces radiation dose to the patient.

scholarly journals Autofluorescence pattern of parathyroid adenomas

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Demarchi ◽  
W Karenovics ◽  
B Bédat ◽  
C De Vito ◽  
F Triponez
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Parathyroid Adenoma ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Parathyroid Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Surgery ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity

Abstract Background Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a common endocrine pathology, and it is due to a single parathyroid adenoma in 80–85 per cent of patients. Near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) has recently been used in endocrine surgery to help in the identification of parathyroid tissue, although there is currently no consensus on whether this technique can differentiate between normal and abnormal parathyroid glands. The aim of this study was to describe the autofluorescence pattern of parathyroid adenoma in pHPT. Methods Between January and June 2019, patients with pHPT who underwent surgical treatment for parathyroid adenoma were enrolled. Parathyroid autofluorescence was measured. Results Twenty-three patients with histologically confirmed parathyroid adenomas were included. Parathyroid adenomas showed a heterogeneous fluorescence pattern, and a well defined autofluorescent ‘cap’ region was observed in 17 of 23 specimens. This region was on average 28 per cent more fluorescent than the rest of the adenoma, and corresponded to a rim of normal histological parathyroid tissue (sensitivity and specificity 88 and 67 per cent respectively). After resection, all patients were treated successfully, with normal postoperative values of calcium and parathyroid hormone documented. Conclusion Parathyroid adenomas show a heterogeneous autofluorescence pattern. Using NIRAF imaging, the majority of specimens showed a well defined autofluorescent portion corresponding to a rim of normal parathyroid tissue. Further studies should be conducted to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Single phase computed tomography is equivalent to dual phase method for localizing hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: A retrospective review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Moron ◽  
Alfred Delumpa ◽  
Justin Chetta ◽  
Danielle Guffey ◽  
David Dunaway
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Multiphase Ct ◽  
Parathyroid Imaging

Objective: This study aims to compare the sensitivity of dual phase (non-contrast and arterial) versus single phase (arterial) CT for detection of hyper-functioning parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods: The CT scans of thirty-two patients who have biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism, pathologically proven parathyroid adenomas, and pre-operative multiphase parathyroid imaging were evaluated retrospectively in order to compare the adequacy of single phase vs. dual phase CT scans for the detection of parathyroid adenomas. Results: The parathyroid adenomas were localized in 83% of cases on single arterial phase CT and 80% of cases on dual phase CT. The specificity for localization of parathyroid tumor was 96% for single phase CT and 97% for dual phase CT. The results were not significantly different (p=0.695). These results are similar to those found in the literature for multiphase CT of 55-94%. Conclusions: Our study supports the use of a single arterial phase CT for the detection of hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenomas. Advances in knowledge: A single arterial phase CT has similar sensitivity for localizing parathyroid adenomas as dual phase CT and significantly reduces radiation dose to the patient.

scholarly journals Single phase computed tomography is equivalent to dual phase method for localizing hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective review

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Morón ◽  
Alfred Delumpa ◽  
Justin Chetta ◽  
Danielle Guffey ◽  
David Dunaway
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Multiphase Ct ◽  
Parathyroid Imaging

Objective This study aims to compare the sensitivity of dual phase (non-contrast and arterial) versus single phase (arterial) CT for detection of hyper-functioning parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods The CT scans of thirty-two patients who have biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism, pathologically proven parathyroid adenomas, and pre-operative multiphase parathyroid imaging were evaluated retrospectively in order to compare the adequacy of single phase vs. dual phase CT scans for the detection of parathyroid adenomas. Results The parathyroid adenomas were localized in 83% of cases on single arterial phase CT and 80% of cases on dual phase CT. The specificity for localization of parathyroid tumor was 96% for single phase CT and 97% for dual phase CT. The results were not significantly different (p = 0.695). These results are similar to those found in the literature for multiphase CT of 55–94%. Conclusions Our study supports the use of a single arterial phase CT for the detection of hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenomas. Advances in knowledge: a single arterial phase CT has similar sensitivity for localizing parathyroid adenomas as dual phase CT and significantly reduces radiation dose to the patient.

First Detection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tobacco Fields in Northern Lebanon

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Obeid ◽  
Elias Wehbe ◽  
Mohamad Rima ◽  
Mohammad Kabara ◽  
Romeo Al Bersaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Das Elisa

Background: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most known virus in the plant mosaic virus family and is able to infect a wide range of crops, in particularly tobacco, causing a production loss. Objectives: Herein, and for the first time in Lebanon, we investigated the presence of TMV infection in crops by analyzing 88 samples of tobacco, tomato, cucumber and pepper collected from different regions in North Lebanon. Methods: Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), revealed a potential TMV infection of four tobacco samples out of 88 crops samples collected. However, no tomato, cucumber and pepper samples were infected. The TMV+ tobacco samples were then extensively analyzed by RT-PCR to detect viral RNA using different primers covering all the viral genome. Results and Discussion: PCR results confirmed those of DAS-ELISA showing TMV infection of four tobacco samples collected from three crop fields of North Lebanon. In only one of four TMV+ samples, we were able to amplify almost all the regions of viral genome, suggesting possible mutations in the virus genome or an infection with a new, not yet identified, TMV strain. Conclusion: Our study is the first in Lebanon revealing TMV infection in crop fields, and highlighting the danger that may affect the future of agriculture.

INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT MIGRATION IN RURAL INDIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350007 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. KAVI KUMAR ◽  
BRINDA VISWANATHAN
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Temporary Migrants

While a wide range of factors influence rural–rural and rural–urban migration in developing countries, there is significant interest in analyzing the role of agricultural distress and growing inter-regional differences in fueling such movement. This strand of research acquires importance in the context of climate change adaptation. In the Indian context, this analysis gets further complicated due to the significant presence of temporary migration. This paper analyzes how weather and its variability affects both temporary and permanent migration in India using National Sample Survey data for the year 2007–2008. The paper finds that almost all of the rural–urban migrants are permanent. Only temperature plays a role in permanent migration. In contrast, many temporary migrants are rural–rural and both temperature and rainfall explain temporary migration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document