scholarly journals Clinical Findings of Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy with anti-TRPM1 Antibody

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Shinohara ◽  
Ryo Mukai ◽  
Shinji Ueno ◽  
Hideo Akiyama
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cystic Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdigitation Zone ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
The Right

Introduction. We report the clinical features and clinical course of melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR), in which autoantibodies against the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1 (TRPM1) were detected. Case Presentation. A 74-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of bilateral vision loss. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. His electroretinogram (ERG) showed a reduced b-wave and a normal dark-adapted a-wave in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed loss of the interdigitation zone in both eyes. We strongly suspected MAR based on the markedly reduced b-wave in the ERG and a history of intranasal melanoma. The diagnosis was confirmed after autoantibodies against TRPM1 were detected in his blood serum. Fifteen months later, his ERG remained unchanged, and OCT showed bilateral cystic changes in the internal nuclear layer. The visual acuity in both eyes also remained unchanged. Conclusions. Anti-TRPM1 autoantibodies were detected in a patient diagnosed with MAR who had negative flash ERG and retinal microstructural abnormalities, and the impairment did not recover during the follow-up period. Identification of anti-TRPM1 antibodies was helpful in confirming the diagnosis of MAR.

Abstract 18822: Endoglin Selectively Modulates TRPC Expression in Response to Left or Right Ventricular Pressure Overload

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Morine ◽  
Vikram Paruchuri ◽  
Xiaoying Qiao ◽  
Duc T Pham ◽  
Gordon S Huggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Endoglin is an accessory receptor for the cytokine transforming growth factor beta. Reduced endoglin activity limits cardiac fibrosis due to left ventricular (LV) pressure overload. Recently, we reported that reducing endoglin activity also limits upregulation of the profibrogenic transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) in the right ventricle (RV) during pressure overload. Few studies have compared TRPC channel expression in the RV versus LV. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that endoglin regulates TRPC upregulation in response to RV and LV pressure overload. Methods: To explore a functional role for endoglin as a regulator of TRPC expression in response to RV or LV pressure overload, endoglin haploinsufficient (Eng+/-) and wild-type (Eng+/+) mice were exposed to thoracic aortic (TAC) or pulmonary arterial (PAC) constriction for 10 weeks. Biventricular tissue was then analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: After TAC, LV levels of TPRC1 and 6 were increased in both Eng +/+ and Eng +/- mice compared to sham controls. LV levels of TRPC4 were increased in Eng +/+, not Eng +/- mice after TAC. After PAC, RV levels of TRPC1, 3, 4, and 6 were increased in Eng +/+ compared to sham controls. In contrast, chronic RV pressure overload did not increase RV levels of TRPC1, 3, 4, and 6 in Eng +/- mice compared to sham controls. Conclusions: Pressure overload induces distinct profiles of TRPC expression in the RV and LV and these effects in the RV require full endoglin activity. Taken together, these data support that endoglin may be an important and novel target of therapy to modulate RV responses to injury.

scholarly journals Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel 6 (TRPC6) Contributes to Kidney Injury Induced by Diabetes and Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Yiling Fu ◽  
Jussara M. do Carmo ◽  
Alexandre A. da Silva ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Cation Channel ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Albumin Excretion ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
The Right

Diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are major risk factors for chronic kidney injury, together accounting for >70% of end-stage renal disease. In this study, we assessed whether DM and HTN interact synergistically to promote kidney dysfunction and if Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel 6 (TRPC6) contributes to this synergism. In wild type (WT; B6/129s background) and TRPC6 knockout (KO) mice, DM was induced by streptozotocin injection to increase fasting glucose levels to 250-350 mg/dL. HTN was induced by aorta constriction (AC) between the renal arteries. AC increased blood pressure (BP) by ~25 mmHg in the right kidney (above AC) while BP in the left kidney (below AC) returned to near normal after 8 weeks, with both kidneys exposed to the same levels of blood glucose, circulating hormones, and neural influences. Kidneys of WT mice exposed to DM or HTN alone had only mild glomerular injury and urinary albumin excretion. In contrast, kidneys exposed to DM plus HTN (WT-DM+AC mice) for 8 weeks had much greater increases in albumin excretion and histological injury. Marked increased apoptosis was also observed in the right kidneys of WT-DM+AC mice. In contrast, in TRPC6 KO-DM+AC mice, the right kidneys exposed to the same levels of high BP and high glucose had lower albumin excretion, less glomerular damage and apoptotic cell injury compared to right kidneys of WT-DM+AC mice. Our results suggest that TRPC6 may contribute to the interaction of DM and HTN to promote kidney dysfunction and apoptotic cell injury.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Lipopolysaccharide Recognition Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalita Mazgaeen ◽  
Prajwal Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Extracellular Milieu ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Transient Receptor

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), commonly known as endotoxin, is ubiquitous and the most-studied pathogen-associated molecular pattern. A component of Gram-negative bacteria, extracellular LPS is sensed by our immune system via the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4. Given that TLR4 is membrane bound, it recognizes LPS in the extracellular milieu or within endosomes. Whether additional sensors, if any, play a role in LPS recognition within the cytoplasm remained unknown until recently. The last decade has seen an unprecedented unfolding of TLR4-independent LPS sensing pathways. First, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been identified as non-TLR membrane-bound sensors of LPS and, second, caspase-4/5 (and caspase-11 in mice) have been established as the cytoplasmic sensors for LPS. Here in this review, we detail the brief history of LPS discovery, followed by the discovery of TLR4, TRP as the membrane-bound sensor, and our current understanding of caspase-4/5/11 as cytoplasmic sensors.

scholarly journals Calcium Regulation on the Atrial Regional Difference of Collagen Production Activity in Atrial Fibrogenesis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chih Chung ◽  
Yung-Kuo Lin ◽  
Yao-Chang Chen ◽  
Yu-Hsun Kao ◽  
Yung-Hsin Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Type I ◽  
Collagen Production ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
The Right

Background: Atrial fibrosis plays an important role in the genesis of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The left atrium (LA) exhibits a higher level of fibrosis than the right atrium (RA) in heart failure and atrial arrhythmia. However, the mechanism for the high fibrogenic potential of the LA fibroblasts remains unclear. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling contributes to the pro-fibrotic activities of fibroblasts. This study investigated whether differences in Ca2+ homeostasis contribute to differential fibrogenesis in LA and RA fibroblasts. Methods: Ca2+ imaging, a patch clamp assay and Western blotting were performed in isolated rat LA and RA fibroblasts. Results: The LA fibroblasts exhibited a higher Ca2+ entry and gadolinium-sensitive current compared with the RA fibroblasts. The LA fibroblasts exhibited greater pro-collagen type I, type III, phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), phosphorylated phospholipase C (PLC), stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 3 protein expression compared with RA fibroblasts. In the presence of 1 mmol/L ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid (EGTA, Ca2+ chelator), the LA fibroblasts had similar pro-collagen type I, type III and phosphorylated CaMKII expression compared with RA fibroblasts. Moreover, in the presence of KN93 (a CaMKII inhibitor, 10 μmol/L), the LA fibroblasts had similar pro-collagen type I and type III compared with RA fibroblasts. Conclusion: The discrepancy of phosphorylated PLC signaling and gadolinium-sensitive Ca2+ channels in LA and RA fibroblasts induces different levels of Ca2+ influx, phosphorylated CaMKII expression and collagen production.

scholarly journals TRP channels in health and disease at a glance

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Yue ◽  
Haoxing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Environmental Stimuli ◽  
Activation Mechanisms ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transient Receptor

ABSTRACT The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily consists of a large group of non-selective cation channels that serve as cellular sensors for a wide spectrum of physical and environmental stimuli. The 28 mammalian TRPs, categorized into six subfamilies, including TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPA (ankyrin), TRPML (mucolipin) and TRPP (polycystin), are widely expressed in different cells and tissues. TRPs exhibit a variety of unique features that not only distinguish them from other superfamilies of ion channels, but also confer diverse physiological functions. Located at the plasma membrane or in the membranes of intracellular organelles, TRPs are the cellular safeguards that sense various cell stresses and environmental stimuli and translate this information into responses at the organismal level. Loss- or gain-of-function mutations of TRPs cause inherited diseases and pathologies in different physiological systems, whereas up- or down-regulation of TRPs is associated with acquired human disorders. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we briefly summarize the history of the discovery of TRPs, their unique features, recent advances in the understanding of TRP activation mechanisms, the structural basis of TRP Ca2+ selectivity and ligand binding, as well as potential roles in mammalian physiology and pathology.

scholarly journals Effect of Electroacupuncture on Rats with Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Cheng Hsu ◽  
Nou-Ying Tang ◽  
Yi-Wen Lin ◽  
Tsai-Chung Li ◽  
Hsu-Jan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Chronic Constriction Injury ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

We adopt the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model to induce neuropathic pain to Spragrue-Dawley (SD) rats by ligating the right sciatic nerve of using four 4-0 chromic gut sutures and subsequently applying 2 and 15 Hz electroacupuncture (EA), respectively, to the right (ipsilateral) Zusanli (St-36) and Shangjuxu (St-37) acupoints. The results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) the differences in withdrawal latencies for the radiant heat test and total lift leg counts for the cold plate test (4°C) of the control (i.e., non-EA) and sham groups were greater than those of the 2 Hz EA (2EA) and 15 Hz EA (15EA) groups; (2) the von Frey test filament gram counts of the control and sham groups were less than those of the 2EA and 15EA groups on the 6th, 7th, 8th, 11th, 12th, and 13th day following ligation; and (3) the 2EA and 15EA groups exhibited reduced cerebral transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) expressions, although we did not observe a similar effect for cerebral TRPV1 or spinal TRPV4/TRPV1 expressions. These findings show that 2 and 15 Hz EA can reduce CCI-induced neuropathic pain, which indicates that various spinal segmental and gate effects have a crucial function in pain reduction. The relationship between EA and TRPV4/TRPV1 expression requires further study.

scholarly journals Transient receptor potential channels: current perspectives on evolution, structure, function and nomenclature

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1933) ◽  
pp. 20201309
Author(s):  
Nathaniel J. Himmel ◽  
Daniel N. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Channels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Channels ◽  
Transient Receptor

The transient receptor potential superfamily of ion channels (TRP channels) is widely recognized for the roles its members play in sensory nervous systems. However, the incredible diversity within the TRP superfamily, and the wide range of sensory capacities found therein, has also allowed TRP channels to function beyond sensing an organism's external environment, and TRP channels have thus become broadly critical to (at least) animal life. TRP channels were originally discovered in Drosophila and have since been broadly studied in animals; however, thanks to a boom in genomic and transcriptomic data, we now know that TRP channels are present in the genomes of a variety of creatures, including green algae, fungi, choanoflagellates and a number of other eukaryotes. As a result, the organization of the TRP superfamily has changed radically from its original description. Moreover, modern comprehensive phylogenetic analyses have brought to light the vertebrate-centricity of much of the TRP literature; much of the nomenclature has been grounded in vertebrate TRP subfamilies, resulting in a glossing over of TRP channels in other taxa. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the function, structure and evolutionary history of TRP channels, and put forth a more complete set of non-vertebrate-centric TRP family, subfamily and other subgroup nomenclature.

scholarly journals Acute retinal necrosis.

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Hugo Hernán Ocampo ◽  
Alexánder Maximiliano Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Acute Retinal Necrosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Case ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Purpose: Clinical features in a case of acute retinal necrosis are described as well as its diagnostic approach and response to early treatment. Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study case report of a 26 year old male patient who arrived to the emergency room with a three day history of sudden visual loss in the right eye (RE). At initial evaluation a visual acuity of hand movements in the RE, 20/15 in the left eye (LE) and a right relative afferent pupillary defect were found. Fundoscopy revealed profuse soft exudates and hemorrhages involving posterior pole, inferior hemiretina and superotemporal periphery. Infectious workup and fluoresceinic angiography were made and positive serologies for herpes virus types 1 and 2, without HIV, were found. A diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis was made and treatment with intravenous valgancyclovir for two weeks and intra-vitreous triamcinolone for severe vasculitis, was given. Then a 3 months treatment with oral antiviral agents was prescribed. Results: Patient’s evolution showed improvement with treatment and at two and a half months of follow up, visual acuity was 20/50 in the right eye, normal slit lamp examination, tonometry of 12 mm Hg and fundoscopy improved when compared to initial pictures.Conclusions: A high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosing ARN taking into account clinical findings. Prompt intravenous and intra-vitreous treatments are needed to achieve good clinical and functional outcomes and to avoid central nervous system complications.

Inositol lipids and TRPC channel activation

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Putney
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Phospholipase C ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Channel Activation ◽  
Inositol Lipids ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Secondary Mechanism

The original hypothesis put forth by Bob Michell in his seminal 1975 review held that inositol lipid breakdown was involved in the activation of plasma membrane calcium channels or ‘gates’. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that while the interposition of inositol lipid breakdown upstream of calcium signalling was correct, it was predominantly the release of Ca2+ that was activated, through the formation of Ins(1,4,5)P3. Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane involved a secondary mechanism signalled in an unknown manner by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. In recent years, however, additional non-store-operated mechanisms for Ca2+ entry have emerged. In many instances, these pathways involve homologues of the Drosophila trp (transient receptor potential) gene. In mammalian systems there are seven members of the TRP superfamily, designated TRPC1–TRPC7, which appear to be reasonably close structural and functional homologues of Drosophila TRP. Although these channels can sometimes function as store-operated channels, in the majority of instances they function as channels more directly linked to phospholipase C activity. Three members of this family, TRPC3, 6 and 7, are activated by the phosphoinositide breakdown product, diacylglycerol. Two others, TRPC4 and 5, are also activated as a consequence of phospholipase C activity, although the precise substrate or product molecules involved are still unclear. Thus the TRPCs represent a family of ion channels that are directly activated by inositol lipid breakdown, confirming Bob Michell's original prediction 30 years ago.

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