scholarly journals Research on Contribution Rate of Independent Innovation to Economic Growth: Evidence from Changshou District of Chongqing City in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
Yuhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Fixed Asset ◽  
Independent Innovation ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Chongqing City ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Government

Using the data of Chongqing Statistical Yearbooks from 2015 to 2020 and based on the Cobb-Douglas production function of Solow residual method, this paper constructs a functional relationship model among GDP, employment number, fixed asset investment, and economic growth. The contribution rate of independent innovation in Changshou District of Chongqing City is improved by using polynomial distributed lag model. Besides, the contribution rate of independent innovation in Shapingba District, Yuzhong District, Jiangbei District, and Beibei District of Chongqing City is compared with that in Changshou District. The research shows that, overall, independent innovation contributes a lot to the economic growth of Changshou District, but its contribution rate is in a slowly declining state. The government needs to take active measures to improve the level of independent innovation and promote the regional economic growth.

scholarly journals The impact of education tax and investment in human capital on economic growth in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Abubakar Aminu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigated the impact of education tax and investment in human capital on economic growth in Nigeria utilizing the Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model of cointegration covering the period of 25 years from 1995 to 2019. The findings reveal that education tax and investment in human capital have positive and significant effect on the growth of the Nigerian economy over the sampled period. The paper recommends that in order to boost the economy, Nigeria would need to, among other policy frameworks, provide a suitable environment for ensuring macro-economic stability through effective utilization of income from education tax that will encourage increased investment in human capital in the public sector. In addition to income from education tax, for effective and speedy economic growth and development in Nigeria, the government, beneficiaries (students/parents), employers of labor and other stakeholders in the society should share the responsibility for financing primary, secondary and tertiary education, so as to provide a solid foundation for human capital development. However, as revealed in this paper, the contribution of education tax and investment in human capital is most likely to be realized over a long-run period than in the short term. Keywords: Education Tax; Investment; Human capital; Economic growth

scholarly journals The Link Between Economic Growth, Crime and Deterrence Measures in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Adenuga Fabian Adekoya ◽  
Nor Azam Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Cost Of Crime ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The level of crime in Nigeria has become devastating and in order to put more sanity into the economy and the country at large, the Government has embarked on different deterrence measures in curbing crime. Thus, this study examined the interaction of deterrence measures with crime in order to see how economic growth was affected when they were used in curbing crime at different instances. That is, the interaction of deterrence measures with crime informed us how they have helped in lowering crime in Nigeria for a better economic growth to subsist. The deterrence measures considered in this work are in line with the rational choice theory being the cost of crime imposed on the society. Furthermore, this study considered data from 1975 to 2013 with the use of autoregressive distributed lag model. Moreover, the results showed that crime dependency on deterrence measures asymmetrically constituted means of lowering economic growth in the country. Hence, this study suggested that prosecution should be well funded and in order to curb crime and improve economic growth in Nigeria. That is, this would afford the country to reduce the congestion of prison inmates and thus, it would discourage long waiting trials.

scholarly journals Does Foreign Direct Investment Generate Long-Term Growth in Ghana?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-229
Author(s):  
Arthur Benedict ◽  
Kyei Baffour Tutu ◽  
Afenya Millicent Salase
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Government

In pursuant to sustainable economic growth on the ticket of FDI-led growth hypothesis, the government of Ghana has instituted a myriad of thoughtful policy reforms to help boost the economy to realize a self-sustaining economic growth. To some extent, the policies might have paid off as the country was named the highest recipient of FDI in West Africa in 2018. However, the supposed upsurge in the inflow of foreign direct investment in the country and its expected long-run spillover benefits have not been tangibly felt in the region as the economy continues to oscillate. Therefore, this study utilized two methods; the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and the variance decomposition method (VDM) to empirically examine economic growth of Ghana as a function of foreign direct investment (FDI) whiles controlling for exchange rate, financial development, trade oppeness and employment rate. The results of the study endorses the FDI-led growth for Ghana by indicating that a positive long run causal impact flows from FDI to economic growth. The findings from the VDM test affirm the results are robust and reliable. Therefore, the study suggests that government should amplify FDI inflow via policies like incentives to draw more foreign investors directly into other sectors other than the conventional sectors gratified by foreign investors.

Tax revenue and economic growth in developing country: an autoregressive distribution lags approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (54) ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
Mnaku Honest Maganya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
The Government

AbstractTanzania, like most other developing countries, faces numerous economic challenges in striving to achieve sustainable economic growth and development through taxation. In the literature, the debate on how effective taxes are as a tool for promoting economic growth and economic development remains inconclusive, as various research have reported mixed effects of tax on economic growth. This article investigates the effect of taxation on economic growth in Tanzania using the recently developed technique of autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) bounds testing procedure for the period from 1996 to 2019. Various preliminary tests were conducted including stationary tests as well as the pair-wise Granger causality test. According to the results obtained, domestic goods and services (TGS) taxes are positively related to GDP growth and are statistically significant at 1% level. Income taxes, on the other hand, were found to be negatively related to GDP growth and to be statistically significant at 5% level. The pair-wise Granger causality results indicated that there is bidirectional Granger causality between TGS and GDP growth at 1 % significance level. The government should aim at growing, nurturing and sustaining tax base to positively drive economic growth even further.

scholarly journals Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration: A Re-examination of FDI and Growth in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 94-113
Author(s):  
ANH PHẠM THẾ ◽  
ĐÀO NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lag Model

This study examines the econometric and empirical evidence of both causal and long-run relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in Vietnam, covering a time span of 21 years from 1991 to 2012. The recent and robust methodology of bounds testing or autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) approach to Cointegration is employed for the empirical analysis. This technique can capture both short-run and long-run dynamics of variables, particularly in small sample size cases. The findings indicate the existence of a Cointegration relationship between the two time series and a modest adjustment process from short-run to long-run equilibrium. Further results from Granger causality tests conducted within the error correction model confirm a bi-directional causality between economic growth and FDI over the study period.

scholarly journals The relationship between foreign direct investment, financial development and growth economic in Next-11 Countries: a PMG/ARDL estimation

Management ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
Bilal Louail ◽  
Mohamed Salah Zouita
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Relationship

Summary This study investigates the relationship between FDI, economic growth and financial development in the Next 11 countries. An analysis of the results was performed accordingly on the panel data gathered from the Next 11 countries from 1985 to 2019— using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation method and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model approach (ARDL). The results indicate an impact of both economic growth and financial development on the FDI flows to the study of countries during the period between 1985 and 2019 in the long run, while no such proof is affirmed in the short run. This study’s contribution provides a better understanding of the dynamic relationship between FDI, economic growth, and financial development by providing decision-makers to understand the nature of the dynamic association between the study variables. This study provides empirical evidence about the association between inflows of FDI, economic growth and financial development within the context of the Next-11 countries. The previous literature lacks empirical study on the relationship between variables of study for the Next-11 countries.

scholarly journals Primary School Enrolment, Public Spending on Education and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Simeon Gbimoiye Nenbee ◽  
Igbogidi Eseoghene Danielle
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government

This paper investigates the effect of primary school enrolment and public education spending on Nigeria’s economic growth using the Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) for the period 1987 and 2017. The coefficient of the error correction model (ECM) reveals a negative sign of -0.304216 which implies that any disequilibrium in the system in the previous year will be corrected at a speed of 30.42 percent annually. Both the short run and long run models were nicely fitted with high coefficients of determination (R2) of about 62 percent.  The analysis of the result also showed that primary school enrolment rate and public expenditure on education increased but their effects were less impactful on Nigeria’s economic growth. These findings perhaps could be attributed to the poor state of classrooms across, poor teacher-pupil ratio, unstable macroeconomic environment, dearth of instructional materials and more. The paper thus recommend that there should be re-design of  educational strategies by the government to include enrolment campaigns, alternative learning programs, pro-poor economic incentive and more, especially at the basic education level and also increased her  budgetary allocation to education sector  in line with UNESCO recommendation of about 26 percent.   Received: 9 June 2021 / Accepted: 28 September 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

scholarly journals The Nexus Between Taxation, Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in South Africa. A fresh evidence from combined cointegration test

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delani Moyo ◽  
Ahmed Samour ◽  
Turgut Tursoy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between taxation, government expenditure and economic growth. is a widely debated issue in the literature. The aim of this research is to present a fresh evidence from the nexus of taxation, government expenditure and economic growth in for the period 1991-2018 in South Africa, using recently developed combined co-integration test. Autoregressive Distributed Lag model(ARDL) is utilized to examine coefficients between the variables in the short and long-run The newly advanced Bayer-Hacks (BH) combined co-integration approach is employed so as to verify the ARDL bounds result. The empirical results from ARDL model revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in both short and long run. In addition, the study shows that tax revenue has a significant positive relationship with the economic growth. Therefore, levels of taxation and government expenditure are favorable to the growth of economy in South Africa. The research proposed that decision makers in South Africa should pay more attention on Taxation and government expenditure policies and the gains from economic growth such as channel much of its expenditure towards the manufacturing and agricultural sectors, which have great potentials of increasing the supply of the products. Which in turn leads to reduce prices and increase in the rates of employment. This would, also make the country’s exports prices competitive.

scholarly journals Does Inflation have Effect on Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Raima Nazar ◽  
Aisha Ambreen ◽  
Sumbal Sabtain
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Model Technique

Pakistan is one of the developing countries instead of possessing large amount of natural resources like mines, reserves of coal, adequate amount of minerals and oil, But, Pakistan is still deprived of basic necessities of life and suffering from extreme inflation in the country. Therefore, this study is an attempt to synopsis the impact of inflation on GDP of Pakistan. This study mainly focus on the inflation rate from the period 1980 to 2016, time series annual data has been employed in the study. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model technique is applied in the study in order to estimate and analyze the data. The study concludes that inflation indicates negative impact on the GDP of Pakistan and it can only be minimized if all resources of the country are properly allocated and fully utilized.

Effects of Terms of Trade on Economic Growth of Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Jebran ◽  
Amjad Iqbal ◽  
Zia Ur Rehman Rao ◽  
Arshad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lag Model

This paper analyzes the effect of terms of trade on economic growth of Pakistan considering annual time series data from 1980 to 2013. This study opted autoregressive distributed lag model for purpose of analyzing short- and long-run relationship. The results reveal significant negative long-run and short-run effects of terms of trade on economic growth. The analyses also indicate significant positive long-run and short-run effects of labour on economic growth. Further, capital stock is influencing positively the economic growth in long run only. We suggest that economic policies may be implemented to deteriorate terms of trade which will further enhance the economic growth of Pakistan. JEL: F13, F43

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