scholarly journals The Photocatalytic Effects of Modified Hydrothermal Nanotitania Extraction on the Skin and Behavior of Sprague-Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mukifza Harun ◽  
Huzaika Awang ◽  
Nor Farid Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Mohamad Makhatar ◽  
Mohamad Ezany Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Research World

Background. Potential antibacterial substances, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), are being extensively studied throughout the research world. A modified hydrothermal nanotitania extraction was shown to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth in the laboratory. However, the toxicity effect of the extract on rats is unknown. In this study, we observed the effects of a modified hydrothermal nanotitania extraction on the skin and behavior of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods. Sprague-Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) rats were used as the experimental animals. The skin around the dorsum of the tested animals was shaved and pasted with 0.1 mg and 0.5 mg of the nanotitania extraction. The color and condition of the pasted area and the behavior of the animals were observed. Results. 0.1 mg nanotitania extraction application on the dorsum of the rat produced no skin color changes at day 1, day 3, day 5, or day 7 postapplication. There were no changes in their behavior up to day 7 with no skin rashes or skin scratches seen or fur changes. However, 0.5 mg of nanotitania extraction resulted in redness and less fur regrowth at day 7. Conclusions. A 0.1 mg modified nanotitania extraction was observed to have no effect on the skin of Sprague-Dawley rats.

scholarly journals CCK-8 and CCK-58 differ in their effects on nocturnal solid meal pattern in undisturbed rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (8) ◽  
pp. R850-R860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Goebel-Stengel ◽  
Andreas Stengel ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Gordon Ohning ◽  
Yvette Taché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Behavior

Various molecular forms of CCK reduce food intake in rats. Although CCK-8 is the most studied form, we reported that CCK-58 is the only detectable endocrine peptide form in rats. We investigated the dark-phase rat chow intake pattern following injection of CCK-8 and CCK-58. Ad libitum-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCK-8, CCK-58 (0.6, 1.8, and 5.2 nmol/kg), or vehicle. Food intake pattern was assessed during the dark phase using an automated weighing system that allowed continuous undisturbed monitoring of physiological eating behavior. Both CCK-8 and CCK-58 dose dependently reduced 1-h, dark-phase food intake, with an equimolar dose of 1.8 nmol being similarly effective (−49% and −44%). CCK-58 increased the latency to the first meal, whereas CCK-8 did not. The intermeal interval was reduced after CCK-8 (1.8 nmol/kg, −41%) but not after CCK-58. At this dose, CCK-8 increased the satiety ratio by 80% and CCK-58 by 160%, respectively, compared with vehicle. When behavior was assessed manually, CCK-8 reduced locomotor activity (−31%), whereas grooming behavior was increased (+59%). CCK-58 affected neither grooming nor locomotor activity. In conclusion, reduction of food intake by CCK-8 and CCK-58 is achieved by differential modulation of food intake microstructure and behavior. These data highlight the importance of studying the molecular forms of peptides that exist in vivo in tissue and circulation of the animal being studied.

scholarly journals Changes in Smad expression and subcellular localization in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (6) ◽  
pp. L1342-L1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Venkatesan ◽  
L. Pini ◽  
M. S. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Nuclear Accumulation ◽  
Endogenous Inhibitor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Molecular Defects ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Smad Proteins ◽  
Intratracheal Injection

Administration of bleomycin (BM) produces inflammation and fibrosis of the lung in humans and experimental animals. The molecular defects by which BM induces these pathological effects have not been studied in detail. We studied the expression of Smad family proteins, key molecules involved in mediating transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling from the cell membrane to the nucleus, during the early and late phases of BM-induced fibrogenesis. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intratracheal injection (1.5 units) of BM. Control rats received saline. Rats were killed at 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days after BM, cytosolic and nuclear proteins were extracted and isolated from lung tissues, and Smad proteins were probed with specific antibodies. In BM-exposed lung tissue, compared with control, Smad3 decreased persistently in the cytosol and increased transiently in the nucleus. There was a persistent increase in phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of Smad2/3. Smad4 was increased transiently in both the cytosol and nucleus. A significant and progressive decrease in the expression of Smad7, the endogenous inhibitor of TGF-β/Smad signaling, was observed after BM instillation. Collectively, our results indicate that an imbalance between agonistic Smads2–4 and antagonistic Smad7 may result in the unchecked activation of an autocrine TGF-β loop, which contributes to the pathogenesis of BM-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

scholarly journals Aversion to Desflurane and Isoflurane in Sprague-Dawley Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Frost ◽  
Maaria Shah ◽  
Vivian S.Y. Leung ◽  
Daniel S.J. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Washout Period ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Carbon dioxide and isoflurane are widely used for killing rats, yet may not truly achieve “euthanasia”, because they elicit aversion. The inhalant anesthetic desflurane is faster acting than isoflurane, representing a potential refinement. Using an aversion-avoidance paradigm, 24 rats were exposed to isoflurane or desflurane (n = 12 per group) at initial exposure. Fourteen rats were then re-exposed to isoflurane or desflurane (n = 7 per group), after a 7 days washout period. Initial exposure: time to recumbency was faster for desflurane than isoflurane (p = 0.0008, 95% CI [-12.9 to 32.6 s]), with 9/12 and 6/12 rats becoming recumbent, respectively. At initial exposure, there was no difference between groups in time to withdrawal (p = 0.714). At re-exposure, all rats withdrew and no rats became recumbent. Time to withdrawal at re-exposure did not differ between treatment groups (p = 0.083). Compared to initial exposure, time to withdrawal during re-exposure was similar for isoflurane (p = 0.228) and faster with desflurane (p = 0.012, 95% CI [19.1 to 49.5 s]). Isoflurane and desflurane are similarly aversive, with aversion increasing at re-exposure. The shorter time from exposure to recumbency with desflurane indicates that any distress is of a shorter duration when compared with isoflurane.

Shiunko Promotes Epithelization of Wounded Skin

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Feng Huang ◽  
Yao-Chin Hsu ◽  
Ching-Nan Lin ◽  
Jann-Inn Tzeng ◽  
Yu-Wen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Experimental Cutting ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Povidine Iodine

Shiunko is a traditional botanic formula (ointment) which is used clinically for the treatment of wounded skin caused by cuts, abrasions, frost or burn. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Shiunko on epithelization of wounded skin. Experimental cutting wounds on the back skin of Sprague-Dawley rats were induced. Different bacterial inoculations (Pseudomonus aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) and treatment (Shiunko, Povidone-iodine and saline) were arranged herein. The incidences of infection and the speed of epithelization were evaluated. We observed that the incidences of wound infection following Pseudomonas aeruginosa inoculation were lower on both the Shiunko-treated group (0%, p <0.01) and Povidine-iodine-treated group (5%, p <0.05), than the saline-treated group (40%). The Shiunko-treated group reported higher percentages of complete epithelization not only on the sterilized wounds (100%) but also on the contaminated wounds (90%) when compared to the saline-treated group (60% sterilized wounds, 40% and 50% contaminated wounds) on day 7 ( p <0.01). Povidone-iodine did not promote epithelization of wounded skin, whereas Shiunko did.

scholarly journals Use of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Targeting to Conditionally Delete Glucocorticoid Receptors in Rat Brain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie R. Scheimann ◽  
Rachel D. Moloney ◽  
Parinaz Mahbod ◽  
Rachel L. Morano ◽  
Maureen Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGlucocorticoid receptors (GR) have diverse functions relevant to maintenance of homeostasis and adaptation to environmental challenges. Understanding the importance of tissue-specific GR function in physiology and behavior has been hampered by near-ubiquitous localization in brain and body. Here we use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to create a conditional GR knockout in Sprague Dawley rats. To test the impact of cell-and region-specific GR deletion on physiology and behavior, we targeted GR knockout to output neurons of the prelimbic cortex.Prelimbic deletion of GR in females caused deficits in acquisition and extinction of fear memory during auditory fear conditioning, whereas males exhibit enhanced active-coping behavior during forced swim. Our data support the utility of this conditional knockout rat to afford high-precision deletion of GR across a variety of contexts, ranging from neuronal depletion to circuit-wide manipulations, leveraging the behavioral tractability and enhanced brain size of the rat as a model organism.

scholarly journals Intraperitoneal Alfaxalone and Alfaxalone–Dexmedetomidine Anesthesia in Sprague–Dawley Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-538
Author(s):  
Sylvia E West ◽  
Jonathan C Lee ◽  
Tinika N Johns ◽  
Elizabeth A Nunamaker
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Laboratory Rodent ◽  
Physiologic Parameters

Due to their unpredictability and variable effects, injectable anesthetic regimens in laboratory rodent species warrant refinement. In our study we sought to evaluate alfaxalone, which has gained recent popularity in veterinary medicine, alone and in combination with dexmedetomidine to evaluate their anesthetic ability in Sprague–Dawley rats when administered intraperitoneally. Three doses of alfaxalone only and 4 dose combinations of alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine were tested in males and female rats. The time to induction, anesthetic duration, pulse rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and time to recovery were recorded by a blind observer. The level of anesthesia induced by the various anesthetic protocols was assessed by using pedal withdrawal reflex to a noxious stimulus and scored according to the response. Dependent on the treatment group, atipamezole or saline was administered intraperitoneally once animals reached 60 min of anesthesia. Regardless of the dose, alfaxalone alone achieved only a sedative level of anesthesia, whereas all alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine combinations led to a surgical level of anesthesia in all animals. Anesthesia regimens using alfaxalone alone and in combination with dexmedetomidine demonstrated sex-associated differences, with female rats maintaining longer durations of sedation or anesthesia than their male counterparts. Both male and female rats displayed decreases in physiologic parameters consistent with the effects of dexmedetomidine. Given the results described herein, we recommend 20 mg/kg alfaxalone for sedation and 30 mg/kg alfaxalone combined with 0.05 mg/kg dexmedetomidine for surgical anesthesia in female rats. Appropriate doses of alfaxalone only and alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine for male rats were not determined in this study and need further evaluation.

scholarly journals Lack of protective effect of autotransplanted splenic tissue to pneumococcal challenge

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-478
Author(s):  
AD Schwartz ◽  
JF Goldthorn ◽  
JA Winkelstein ◽  
AJ Swift
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Encapsulated Bacteria ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Studies in animals and clinical experience in patients have demonstrated that splenectomy may lead to an increased susceptibility to infection. The infections are usually caused by encapsulated bacteria such as penumococcus. It has been shown in a variety of experimental animals that autotransplanted splenic tissue is capable of regenerating into implants that are microscopically indistinguishable from normal spleen and of restoring a number of normal splenic functions. The response to intravenous challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae, type 25, was therefore studied in control, asplenic, and autotransplanted Sprague-Dawley rats. Despite previous observations that a number of immune functions can be restored in this animal model by autotransplanted splenic tissue, the present study indicates that splenic tissue autotransplants do not restore the ability to resist intravenous pneumococcal challenge.

The Correlations Between Walking Analysis Parameters and Q1–Q4 Angles in the Experimental Animal Model of Sciatic Nerve Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 6245-6248
Author(s):  
Ria Margiana ◽  
Renindra Ananda Aman ◽  
Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan ◽  
Ahmad Aulia Jusuf ◽  
Nurhadi Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Functional Index ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Sciatic Functional Index ◽  
Ethics Commission ◽  
Medium Correlation

In the study conducted by Margiana et al., 2015, it has been known that the angle parameters around the point which acts as the meeting point of the lines between the heel and the third fingertip and between finger one and finger five (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) are strongly correlated with Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), Tibial Functional Index (TFI) and Peroneal Functional Index (PFI) in experimental animals with normal walking function, however, whether these parameters can be used in cases of injury is unknown. This study aimed to prove that Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are correlated with SFI, TFI and PFI. This experimental study used 36 Sprague-Dawley rats as the experimental animals that had been approved by the FKUI Ethics Commission. The Seddon 5 classification was done on the rats with end-to-end suture. The rats were allowed to walk in a hallway and different color inks had firstly been given on each rat’s paws. After the formation of foot prints, the measurement of all parameters was made. The Spearman correlation (SPSS 23) analysis showed that there were correlations between SFI, TFI, PFI and Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. The correlation coefficient range (r) were categorized as medium correlation. The conclusion of the research that has been conducted is that there are significant correlations between Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 with SFI. Thus, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 can be used as one of the predictors of walking function.

scholarly journals A 90-Day Oral (Dietary) Toxicity Study of Rebaudioside A in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey I Nikiforov ◽  
Alex K Eapen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Behavior

Rebaudioside A is one of several glycosides found in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni (Compositae) stevia that has been identified as a potential sweetener. The present study (initiated in April 2006 and completed in October 2006) evaluated the safety of this sweetener when administered as a dietary admix at target exposure levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day to Sprague-Dawley rats for 90 days. There were no treatment-related effects on the general condition and behavior of the animals as determined by clinical observations, functional observational battery, and locomotor activity assessments. Evaluation of clinical pathology parameters revealed no toxicologically relevant, treatment-related effects on hematology, serum chemistry, or urinalysis. Macroscopic and microscopic findings revealed no treatment-related effects on any organ evaluated. Lower mean body weight gains were noted in males in the 2000 mg/kg/day group throughout the study, which was considered to be test article related; however, given the small magnitude of the difference as compared to controls, this effect was not considered to be adverse. Results of this study clearly demonstrate that dietary administration of high concentrations of rebaudioside A for 90 consecutive days to Sprague-Dawley rats was not associated with any signs of toxicity.

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